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Information about New York School

The New York School (synonymous with abstract expressionist painting) was an informal group of American poets, painters, dancers, and musicians active in the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s in New York City. The poets, painters, composers, dancers, and musicians often drew inspiration from Surrealism and the contemporary avant-garde art movements, in particular action painting, abstract expressionism, Jazz, improvisational theater, avant-garde music, and the interaction of friends in the New York City art world's vanguard circle.

The Poets

Concerning the New York School poets, critics argued that their work was a reaction to the Confessionalist movement in contemporary poetry. Their poetic subject matter was often light, violent, or observational, while their writing style was often described as cosmopolitan and world-traveled. The poets often wrote in a direct, and immediate, spontaneous, manner reminiscent of word/paintings, and stream of consciousness writing, often using vivid, and visual imagery. They drew on inspiration from Surrealism and the contemporary avant-garde art movements, in particular the action painting of their friends in the New York City art world circle like Jackson Pollock and Willem de Kooning.

Poets most often associated with the New York School are John Ashbery, Ted Berrigan, Kenneth Koch, Frank O'Hara, Bernadette Mayer, Alice Notley, Michael Andre, Barbara Guest, Kenward Elmslie, Ron Padgett, James Schuyler, and Sam Abrams.

O'Hara was at the center of the group before his death in 1966. His numerous friendships and post as a curator at the Museum of Modern Art, he provided connections between the poets and painters like Jane Freilicher, Fairfield Porter and Larry Rivers (also his lover). There were many joint works and collaborations: Rivers inspired a play by Koch, Koch and Ashbery together wrote the poem "A Postcard to Popeye", Ashbery and Schuyler wrote the novel A Nest of Ninnies, and Schuyler collaborated on an ode with O'Hara, whose portrait was painted by Rivers.[1]

Although they admired each other, the poets Koch, O'Hara, Schuyler and Ashbery were quite different as poets, yet they had much in common personally:[1]
  • Except for Schuyler, all overlapped at Harvard,
  • Except for Ashbery, all did military service,
  • Except for Koch, all reviewed art
  • Except for Ashbery, who soon moved to Paris, all lived in New York during their formative years as poets.
All four were inspired by French Surrealists like Raymond Roussel, Pierre Reverdy and Guillaume Apollinaire. David Lehman, in his book on the New York poets, wrote, "They favored wit, humor and the advanced irony of the blague (that is, the insolent prank or jest) in ways more suggestive of Jasper Johns and Robert Rauschenberg than of the New York School abstract expressionist painters after whom they were named."[1]

The Beats

There are also commonalities between the New York School and the members of the Beat Generation poets also active in 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s New York City. Including Gregory Corso, Allen Ginsberg, Amiri Baraka, Jack Kerouac, William S. Burroughs, Diane DiPrima, Diane Wakoski, Anne Waldman, Tuli Kupferberg, Ed Sanders, Norris Embry, and several others.

The Composers

The term also refers to a circle of composers in the 1950's who orbited around John Cage: Morton Feldman, Earle Brown, Christian Wolff, and David Tudor above all. Their music paralleled the music and events of the Fluxus group, and drew its name from the Abstract Expressionist painters above. What brought these artists together was a faith in the liberation of the unconscious and an excitement drawn from the street energies of Manhattan. In the 1960s the work of the avant-garde Minimalist composers La Monte Young, Philip Glass, Steve Reich, and Terry Riley became prominent in the New York art world.

The Dancers

During the 1960s the Judson Dance Theater located at the Judson Memorial Church, New York City, revolutionized Modern dance. Combining in new ways the idea of Performance art, radical and new Choreography, sound from avant-garde composers, and dancers in collaboration with several New York School Visual artists. The group of artists that formed Judson Dance Theater are considered the founders of Postmodern dance. The theater grew out of a dance composition class taught by Robert Dunn, a musician who had studied with John Cage. The artists involved with Judson Dance Theater were avant-garde experimenatalists who rejected the confines of Modern dance practice and theory.

The first Judson concert took place on July 6, 1962, with dance works presented by Steve Paxton, Fred Herko, David Gordon, Alex and Deborah Hay, Yvonne Rainer, Elaine Summers, William Davis, and Ruth Emerson. Seminal dance artists that were a part of the Judson Dance Theater include: David Gordon, Steve Paxton, Yvonne Rainer,Trisha Brown, Lucinda Childs, Deborah Hay, Simone Forti, Elaine Summers, Sally Gross, Aileen Passloff, and Meredith Monk. The years 1962 to 1964 are considered the golden age of the Judson Dance Theater.

During the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s New York School artists collaborated with several other choreographer / dancers including: Merce Cunningham, Martha Graham, and Paul Taylor.

Jazz

The new Bebop and cool Jazz musicians in the 1940s and 1950s featuring Charlie Parker, Miles Davis, Max Roach, Dizzy Gillespie, Thelonious Monk, Charles Mingus, Cannonball Adderley, John Coltrane, Stan Getz, Ahmad Jamal, Gerry Mulligan, Dave Brubeck, and many other great Jazz musicians set the tone for the New York School and Abstract expressionism. Later new jazz musicians like Archie Shepp, Ornette Coleman, Roland Kirk, Pharoah Sanders, the evolving Miles Davis, and John Coltrane created the sounds for the new and more cool Hard-edge painters, Minimal artists, Color field painters, Lyrical Abstractionists, and Pop artists of the 1960s.

New York School Artists

Painters, sculptors and printmakers associated with Abstract expressionism, Action painting, Fluxus, Color field painting, Hard-edge painting, Pop Art, Minimal Art, Lyrical Abstraction, and other movements associated with New York City. During the 1950s through the early 1960s they often congregated at the Cedar Tavern in Greenwich Village and during the mid 1960s through the early 1970s at Max's Kansas City on Park Avenue South between 17th and 18th Streets.

List of New York School artists of the 1950s and 1960s

A

B

  • Alice Baber (1928-1982)
  • William Baziotes (1912 – 1963)
  • Robert Beauchamp (1923-1995)
  • Rosemarie Beck (1925-)
  • Benn Ben (1884-1983)
  • Janice Biala (1903-2000)
  • Ron Bladen (1918-1988)
  • Nell Blaine (1922-1996)
  • Norman Bluhm (1921-1999)
  • Ilya Bolotowsky (1907-1981)
  • Cameron Booth (1892-1980)
  • Rene Bouche (1906-1963)
  • Louise Bourgeois (1911-)
  • Paul Brach (1924-)
  • Judith Brown (1931-1992)
  • Theodore Brenson (1893-1959)
  • Ernest Briggs (1923-1984)
  • Gandy Brodie (1925-1975)
  • James Brooks (1906–1992)
  • Daniel Brustlein (Alain) (1904-1996)
  • David Budd (1927-1991)
  • Fritz Bultman (1919-1985)
  • Peter Busa (1914-1985)
  • John Button (1929-1982)

C

  • Charles Cajori (1921-)
  • Gretna Campbell (1922-1987)
  • Robert F. Conover (1920-1998)
  • Lawrence Calcagno (1913-1993)
  • Mary Callery (1903-1977)
  • Nicolas Carone (1917-
  • Giorgio Cavallon (1904-1989)
  • Bernard Chaet (1924-)
  • John Chamberlain (1927-)
  • Herman Cherry (1909-1992)
  • Dan Christensen (1942-2007)
  • Carmen Cicero (1926-)
  • Chuck Close (1940-)
  • Edward Corbett (1919-1971)
  • Joseph Cornell (1903-1972)
  • Martin Craig (1906-)
  • Rollin Crampton (1896-1970)
  • Jane Crawford
  • Hubert Crehan
  • Ben Cunningham (1904-1975)

D

E

F

  • Fred Farr (1914-1973)
  • Sam L. Feinstein (1915-)
  • Herbert Ferber (1906-1991)
  • John Ferren (1905-1970)
  • Perle Fine (1908-1988)
  • Louis Finkelstein (1923-2000)
  • Joe Fiore (1925-)
  • Ida Fischer (1883-1956)
  • Audrey Flack (1931-)
  • Jean Follet (1917-1991)
  • Miles Forst (1914-)
  • Helen Frankenthaler (1928-)
  • Seymour Frankes
  • Jane Freilicher (1924-)
  • Syd Fromboluti (1920-)

G

  • Sidney Geist (1914-2005)
  • William Getman (1916-1972)
  • Ilse Getz (1917-1992)
  • Julio Girona (1914-)
  • Fritz Glarner (1899-1972)
  • Joseph M. Glasco (1925-1996)
  • Michael Goldberg (Stuart) (1924-)
  • Leon Golub (1922-2004)
  • Sam Goodman
  • Robert Goodnough (1917-)
  • Sidney Gordin (1918-1996)
  • Arshile Gorky (1904-1948)
  • Adolph Gottlieb (1903-1974)
  • John D. Graham (1886-1961)
  • Nancy Graves (1940-1995)
  • Balcomb Greene (1904-1990)
  • Gertrude G. Green (1904-1956)
  • Clement Greenberg (1909-1994)
  • John Grillo (1917-)
  • Peter Grippe (1912-)
  • Salvatore Grippi (1921-)
  • Joseph Groell
  • Red Grooms (1937-)
  • Chaim Gross (1904-1991)
  • Philip Guston (1913-1980)

H

I

  • Angelo Ippolito (1922-2002)
  • Richard Ireland (1925-)
  • Ben Isquith

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

R

S

T

U

V

  • Nicolai I. Vasilieff (1892-1970)
  • Esteban Vicente (1904-2001)
  • Vaclav Vytlacil (1892-1984)
  • Robert Vickers (1924-1988)

W

X

Y

  • Taro Yamamoto (1919-1993)
  • Alice Yamin
  • Manoucher Yektai (1922-)
  • Adja Yunkers (1900-1983)

Z

  • Wilfrid Zogbaum (1915-1965)
  • Larry Zox (1937-2006)

Notes

1. ^ [1] Yezzi, David, "Last One Off the Barricade Turn Out the Lights", a review in The New York Times of The Last Avant-Garde: The Making of the New York School of Poets, by David Lehman, Thursday, January 3, 1999

References

Schools of Poetry
Akhmatova's Orphans | The Beats | Black Arts Movement | Black Mountain poets | British Poetry Revival | Cairo poets | Cavalier poets | Chhayavaad | Churchyard poets | Confessionalists | Crolit | Cyclic Poets | Dadaism | Deep image | Della Cruscans | Dolce Stil Novo | Dymock poets | The poets of Elan | Flarf | Free Academy | Fugitives | Garip | Generation of '98 | Generation of '27 | Georgian poets | Goliard | The Group | Harlem Renaissance | Harvard Aesthetes | Imagism | Jindyworobak | Lake Poets | Language poets | Martian poetry | Metaphysical poets | Misty Poets | Modernist poetry | The Movement | Ngritude | New American Poetry | New Apocalyptics | New Formalism | New York School | Objectivists | Others group of artists | Parnassian poets | La Pliade | Rhymers' Club | Rochester Poets | San Francisco Renaissance | Scottish Renaissance | Sicilian School | Sons of Ben | Southern Agrarians | Spasmodic poets | Sung poetry | Surrealism | Symbolism | Uranian poetry
A poet is a person who writes poetry. This is usually influenced by a cultural and intellectual tradition. Some consider the best poetry to be, to some extent, and universal, and to address issues common to all humanity; others are more absorbed by its particular, personal and
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Painting, meant literally, is the practice of applying color to a surface (support) such as paper, canvas, wood, glass, lacquer or concrete. However, when used in an artistic sense, the term "painting" means the use of this activity in combination with drawing, composition and
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Dance (from French danser, perhaps from Frankish) generally refers to movement used as a form of expression, social interaction or presented in a
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musician is a person who plays or composes music. Musicians can be classified by their role in creating or performing music:
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City of New York
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Surrealism
Surrealism and film
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Avant-garde (pronounced /ɑvɑ̃ gɑʁd/) in French means "front guard", "advance guard", or "vanguard".
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Action painting, sometimes called "gestural abstraction", is a style of painting in which paint is spontaneously dribbled, splashed or smeared onto the canvas, rather than being carefully applied.
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Abstract expressionism was an American post-World War II art movement. It was the first specifically American movement to achieve worldwide influence and also the one that put New York City at the center of the art world, a role formerly filled by Paris.
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Jazz is an original American musical art form that originated around the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in and around New Orleans.

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Jazz has been called "America's only original art form.
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For experimental rock music, see .


Experimental music is a term introduced by composer John Cage in 1955. Cage defined "an experimental action is one the outcome of which is unforeseen" and he was specifically interested in completed works that
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Vanguard might refer to:

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A confessional poet traffics in intimate, and sometimes unflattering, information about him or herself, in poems about illness, sexuality, despondence and the like. The Confessionalist label was applied to a number of poets of the 1950s and 1960s.
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Surrealism
Surrealism and film
Surrealism and music
Surrealist Manifesto
Surrealist techniques
Surrealist games
Surrealist humor
Surrealism[1]
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Avant-garde (pronounced /ɑvɑ̃ gɑʁd/) in French means "front guard", "advance guard", or "vanguard".
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Action painting, sometimes called "gestural abstraction", is a style of painting in which paint is spontaneously dribbled, splashed or smeared onto the canvas, rather than being carefully applied.
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Jackson Pollock

Birth name Paul Jackson Pollock
January 28 1912(1912--)
Cody, Wyoming
July 11 1956 (aged 44)
Springs, New York
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Willem de Kooning (April 24, 1904 – March 19, 1997) was an abstract expressionist painter, born in Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

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In the post World War II era, De Kooning painted in the style that is referred to as Abstract expressionism, Action painting, and
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John Ashbery (born July 28, 1927) is an American poet. [1] He has won nearly every major American award for poetry and is recognized as one of America's most important, though still controversial, poets.
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Ted Berrigan (15 November, 1934 - 4 July, 1983) was an American poet.

Early life

Berrigan was born in Providence, Rhode Island, on November 15, 1934. After high school, he spent a year at Providence College before joining the U.S. Army in 1954 to serve in the Korean War.
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Francis Russell O'Hara (June 27, 1926 – July 25, 1966) was an American poet who, along with John Ashbery, James Schuyler and Kenneth Koch, was a key member of what was known as the New York School of poetry.
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Bernadette Mayer (born May 12, 1945) in Brooklyn, New York, United States) is a poet and prose writer. In 1967 she received a BA from New School for Social Research. She has since edited the journal 0 TO 9 with Vito Acconci and the United Artists Press
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Alice Notley (born 8 November, 1945) is an American poet. She was born in Bisbee, Arizona and grew up in Needles, California. She received a B.A from Barnard College in 1967 and an M.F.A. from the Writers' Workshop at the University of Iowa in 1969.
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Barbara Guest née Barbara Ann Pinson (6 September, 1920 – 15 February, 2006) was an American poet and critic most often associated with the New York School.

Born in Wilmington, North Carolina and raised in California, Guest earned a B.A.
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Kenward Gray Elmslie (born April 27, 1929) is an American writer, performer, editor and publisher associated with the New York School of poetry.

Born in New York City, Elmslie spent his childhood in Colorado Springs, Colorado, and graduated from Harvard in 1950 with a
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Ron Padgett (born June 17, 1942) is an American poet, essayist, fiction writer, and translator, and a member of the New York School. His books include Great Balls of Fire, The Adventures of Mr. & Mrs.
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James Schuyler (9 November 1923 – 12 April 1991) was a major American poet in the late 20th century.[1] He was a central figure in the New York School and is often associated with fellow New York School of poets, John Ashbery, Frank O'Hara, Kenneth Koch, and
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