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Information about Neurosurgery

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Insertion of an electrode during neurosurgery for Parkinson's disease.
Neurosurgery is the surgical discipline focused on treating those central, peripheral nervous system and spinal column diseases amenable to mechanical intervention.

Definition and scope

According to the U.S. Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) [1],
Neurological Surgery is a discipline of medicine and that specialty of surgery which provides the operative and nonoperative management (ie, prevention, diagnosis, evaluation, treatment, critical care, and rehabilitation) of disorders of the central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous systems, including their supporting structures and vascular supply; the evaluation and treatment of pathological processes that modify the function or activity of the nervous system, including the hypophysis: and the operative and nonoperative management of pain. As such, neurological surgery encompasses the surgical, nonsurgical and stereotactic radiosurgical treatment of adult and pediatric patients with disorders of the nervous system: disorders of the brain, meninges, skull base, and their blood supply, including the surgical and endovascular treatment of disorders of the intracranial and extracranial vasculature supplying the brain and spinal cord; disorders of the pituitary gland; disorders of the spinal cord, meninges, and vertebral column, including those that may require treatment by fusion, instrumentation,or endovascular techniques; and disorders of the cranial and spinal nerves throughout their distribution.

Conditions

Neurosurgical conditions include primarily brain, spinal cord, vertebral column and peripheral nerve disorders.

Conditions treated by neurosurgeons include:

Job field

Neurosurgeons work in a variety of practice settings. Some neurosurgeons practice general neurosurgery, while others choose to limit their practice to specific subspecialties. Some areas of specialty include pediatric, spine, vascular/endovascular, tumor, peripheral nerve, functional, and skull base. Practices range from solo practices to large group practices with multidisciplinary components. Increasingly, neurosurgeons are working together with psychiatrists, neurologists and therapists to provide comprehensive care for patients with neurologic disorders such as back pain. About 20 percent of neurosurgeons practice under the auspices of a university practice plan, while the majority of neurosurgeons maintain private practices often with academic affiliations. Typical work schedules for a neurosurgeon include call coverage for one or more emergency rooms requiring sometimes frequent emergency surgeries. Most averages found online describing typical salary for a practicing neurosurgeon in the United States are between $300,000 and $500,000 annually, though these should be considered as weak small-survey estimates based on the values given by the AAMC.

See also

  • Harvey Cushing - known as the father of neurosurgery
  • Gazi Yasargil - known as the father of modern neurosurgery
  • Vascular neurosurgery
  • Pediatric Neurosurgery

External links

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Health science > medicine
General
Physician specialties
Medical specialties
Surgical specialties
surgery (from the Greek χειρουργική meaning "hand work") is the medical specialty that treats diseases or injuries by operative manual and instrumental treatment.
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The central nervous system (CNS) represents the largest part of the nervous system, including the brain and the spinal cord. Together with the peripheral nervous system, it has a fundamental role in the control of behavior.
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The Peripheral nervous system resides or extends outside the "CNS" central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord) to serve the limbs and organs. Unlike the central nervous system, however, the PNS is not protected by bone, leaving it exposed to toxins and mechanical injuries.
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The human brain controls the central nervous system (CNS), by way of the cranial nerves and spinal cord, the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and regulates virtually all human activity.
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spinal chord is a thin, tubular bundle of nerves that is an extension of the central nervous system from the brain and is enclosed in and protected by the bony vertebral column.
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The Peripheral nervous system resides or extends outside the "CNS" central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord) to serve the limbs and organs. Unlike the central nervous system, however, the PNS is not protected by bone, leaving it exposed to toxins and mechanical injuries.
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Spinal disc herniation
Classification & external resources

ICD-9 722.2

OMIM 603932
DiseasesDB 6861
MedlinePlus 000442
eMedicine orthoped/138   radio/219 A spinal disc herniation, incorrectly called a "slipped disc
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Spinal stenosis
Classification & external resources

ICD-10 M 48.0
ICD-9 723 - 724

Spinal stenosis is a medical condition in which the spinal canal narrows and compresses the spinal cord and nerves.
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Hydrocephalus
Classification & external resources

A skull of a hydrocephalic male.
ICD-10 G 91. , Q 03.
ICD-9 331.3 , 331.4 , 741.0 , 742.3

DiseasesDB 6123
MedlinePlus 001571
eMedicine neuro/161  
MeSH D006849


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Head injury
Classification & external resources

ICD-10 S00.0–S09.9
ICD-9 800 - 879

Head injury is a trauma to the head, that may or may not include injury to the brain (see also brain injury).
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spinal chord is a thin, tubular bundle of nerves that is an extension of the central nervous system from the brain and is enclosed in and protected by the bony vertebral column.
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Physical trauma refers to a physical injury. A trauma patient is someone who has suffered serious and life-threatening physical injury potentially resulting in secondary complications such as shock, respiratory failure and death.
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Physical trauma refers to a physical injury. A trauma patient is someone who has suffered serious and life-threatening physical injury potentially resulting in secondary complications such as shock, respiratory failure and death.
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The Peripheral nervous system resides or extends outside the "CNS" central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord) to serve the limbs and organs. Unlike the central nervous system, however, the PNS is not protected by bone, leaving it exposed to toxins and mechanical injuries.
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Brain tumor
Classification & external resources

CT scan of brain showing brain cancer to left parietal lobe in the peri-ventricular area.
ICD-10 C71, D33.0-D33.2
ICD-9 191 , 225.
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For malignant tumors specifically, see .


Tumor or tumour (via Old French tumour from Latin tumor "swelling") is an abnormal growth or mass of tissue. A tumor can be either malignant or benign.
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vertebral column (backbone or spine) is a column of 34 vertebrae, the sacrum, intervertebral discs, and the coccyx situated in the dorsal aspect of the torso, separated by spinal discs. It houses the spinal cord in its spinal canal.
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spinal chord is a thin, tubular bundle of nerves that is an extension of the central nervous system from the brain and is enclosed in and protected by the bony vertebral column.
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The Peripheral nervous system resides or extends outside the "CNS" central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord) to serve the limbs and organs. Unlike the central nervous system, however, the PNS is not protected by bone, leaving it exposed to toxins and mechanical injuries.
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Cerebral aneurysm
Classification & external resources

ICD-10 I 67.1
ICD-9 437.3

DiseasesDB 1358
MedlinePlus 001414
eMedicine neuro/503   med/3468 radio/92
MeSH D002532

A cerebral aneurysm or brain aneurysm
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Stroke
Classification & external resources

ICD-10 I 61. -I 64.
ICD-9 435 - 436

OMIM 601367
DiseasesDB 2247
MedlinePlus 000726pi
eMedicine neuro/9   emerg/558 emerg/557 pmr/187
MeSH D020521

Stroke (or
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Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Classification & external resources

CT scan of the brain showing subarachnoid hemorrhage as a white area in the center
ICD-10 I 60. , S 06.6
ICD-9 430 , 852.0 - 852.
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Bleeding, technically known as hemorrhage (American English) or haemorrhage (British English) is the loss of blood from the circulatory system.[1] Bleeding can occur internally, where blood leaks from blood vessels inside the body or externally, either
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Epilepsy
Classification & external resources

ICD-10 G 40. -G 41.
ICD-9 345

DiseasesDB 4366
MedlinePlus 000694
eMedicine neuro/415  
MeSH D004827

Epilepsy
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List of Movement disorders
  • Akinesia (lack of movement)
  • Athetosis (contorted torsion or twisting)
  • Ataxia
  • Ballismus (violent involuntary rapid and irregular movements)
  • Hemiballismus (

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Chorea may refer to:
  • Chorea (dance), ancient Greek dance
  • Chorea (disease), medical disorder involving involuntary movement

See also

  • Korea, the region or countries in Asia

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MeSH D020820 Hemiballismus is a neurological sign, a movement disorder, characterised by unilateral wild, large amplitude flinging movements of the arm and leg, normally causing falls and preventing postural maintenance.
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Stereotactic surgery or stereotaxy is a minimally-invasive form of surgical intervention which makes use of a three-dimensional coordinates system to locate small targets inside the body and to perform on them some action such as ablation (removal), biopsy, lesion,
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Psychiatry is a branch of medicine which exists to study, prevent, and treat mental disorders in humans.[1][2][3] The art and science of the clinical application of psychiatry has been considered a bridge between the social world and those who are
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