Information about Network Information Centre
A domain name registry, also called Network Information Centre (NIC), is part of the Domain Name System (DNS) of the Internet which converts domain names to IP addresses. It is an organisation that manages the registration of Domain names within the top-level domains for which it is responsible, controls the policies of domain name allocation, and technically operates its top-level domain. It is potentially distinct from a domain name registrar.
Domain names are managed under a hierarchy headed by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), which manages the top of the DNS tree by administrating the data in the root nameservers.
IANA also operates the .int registry for intergovernmental organisations, the .arpa zone for protocol administration purposes, and other critical zones such as root-servers.net.
IANA delegates all other domain name authority to other domain name registries such as VeriSign.
Country code top-level domains (ccTLD) are delegated by IANA to national registries such as DENIC in Germany, or Nominet in the United Kingdom.
The allocated and assigned domain names are made available by registries by use of the Whois system and via their Domain name servers.
Some registries sell the names directly (like SWITCH in Switzerland) and others rely on separate entities to sell them. For example, names in the .com TLD is in some sense sold "wholesale" at a regulated price by VeriSign, and individual domain name registrar sell names "retail" to businesses and consumers.
For example, in the United States, between 1996 and 1998, InterNIC automatically rejected domain name applications based on a list of perceived obscenities.
Registries may also control matters of interest to their local communities: for example, the German, Japanese and Polish registries have introduced internationalized domain names to allow use of local non-ASCII characters.
Registrants of second-level domains sometimes act as a registry by offering sub-registrations to their registration. For example, registrations to .fami.ly are offered by the registrant of fami.ly and not by GPTC, the registry for Libya (.ly).
Domain names are managed under a hierarchy headed by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), which manages the top of the DNS tree by administrating the data in the root nameservers.
IANA also operates the .int registry for intergovernmental organisations, the .arpa zone for protocol administration purposes, and other critical zones such as root-servers.net.
IANA delegates all other domain name authority to other domain name registries such as VeriSign.
Country code top-level domains (ccTLD) are delegated by IANA to national registries such as DENIC in Germany, or Nominet in the United Kingdom.
Operation
Some name registries are government departments (e.g., the registry for the Vatican www.nic.va ). Some are co-operatives of internet service providers (such as DENIC) or not-for profit companies (such as Nominet UK). Others operate as commercial organizations, such as the US registry (www.nic.us).The allocated and assigned domain names are made available by registries by use of the Whois system and via their Domain name servers.
Some registries sell the names directly (like SWITCH in Switzerland) and others rely on separate entities to sell them. For example, names in the .com TLD is in some sense sold "wholesale" at a regulated price by VeriSign, and individual domain name registrar sell names "retail" to businesses and consumers.
Policies
Allocation policies
Generally, domain name registries operate a first-come-first-served system of allocation but may reject the allocation of specific domains on the basis of political, religious, historical, legal or cultural reasons.For example, in the United States, between 1996 and 1998, InterNIC automatically rejected domain name applications based on a list of perceived obscenities.
Registries may also control matters of interest to their local communities: for example, the German, Japanese and Polish registries have introduced internationalized domain names to allow use of local non-ASCII characters.
Dispute policies
Domains which are registered with ICANN registrars, generally have to use the Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy (UDRP), however, DENIC requires people to use the German civil courts, and Nominet UK deals with Intellectual Property and other disputes through its own dispute resolution service.Cost of registration
The cost of domain registration is set by each individual registry.Second-level domains
Domain name registries may also impose a system of second-level domains on users. DENIC, the registry for Germany (.de), does not impose second level domains. AFNIC, the registry for France (.fr), has some second level domains, but not all registrants have to use them, and Nominet UK, the registry for the United Kingdom (.uk), requires all names to have a second level domain.Registrants of second-level domains sometimes act as a registry by offering sub-registrations to their registration. For example, registrations to .fami.ly are offered by the registrant of fami.ly and not by GPTC, the registry for Libya (.ly).
See also
On the Internet, the Domain Name System (DNS) associates various sorts of information with so-called domain names; most importantly, it serves as the "phone book" for the Internet by translating human-readable computer hostnames, e.g. en.wikipedia.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Internet is a worldwide, publicly accessible series of interconnected computer networks that transmit data by packet switching using the standard Internet Protocol (IP). It is a "network of networks" that consists of millions of smaller domestic, academic, business, and government
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
domain name has multiple related meanings:
..... Click the link for more information.
- A name that identifies a computer or computers on the internet. These names appear as a component of a Web site's URL, e.g. wikipedia.org. This type of domain name is also called a hostname.
..... Click the link for more information.
An IP address (Internet Protocol address) is a unique address that certain electronic devices use in order to identify and communicate with each other on a computer network utilizing the Internet Protocol standard (IP)—in simpler terms, a computer address.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
An organization (or organisation — see spelling differences) is a social arrangement which pursues collective goals, which controls its own performance, and which has a boundary separating it from its environment.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
top-level domain (TLD) is the last part of an Internet domain name; that is, the letters which follow the final dot of any domain name. For example, in the domain name www.example.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
A domain name registrar is a company accredited by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) and/or by a national ccTLD authority to register Internet domain names. These "retail" companies are often distinct from the "wholesale" domain name registry operator.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is the entity that oversees global IP address allocation, DNS root zone management, and other Internet protocol assignments. It is operated by ICANN.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
root name server is a DNS server that answers requests for the root namespace domain, and redirects requests for a particular top-level domain (TLD) to that TLD's nameservers.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
.int
Introduced 1988
TLD type Generic top-level domain
Status Active
Registry IANA
Sponsor None
Intended use International treaty organizations
Actual use Organizations with United Nations observer status
..... Click the link for more information.
Introduced 1988
TLD type Generic top-level domain
Status Active
Registry IANA
Sponsor None
Intended use International treaty organizations
Actual use Organizations with United Nations observer status
..... Click the link for more information.
.arpa
Introduced 1985
TLD type Infrastructure domain
Status Active
Registry IANA
Sponsor Internet Architecture Board
Intended use Address and Routing Parameter Area: internal network infrastructure such as reverse IP lookup.
..... Click the link for more information.
Introduced 1985
TLD type Infrastructure domain
Status Active
Registry IANA
Sponsor Internet Architecture Board
Intended use Address and Routing Parameter Area: internal network infrastructure such as reverse IP lookup.
..... Click the link for more information.
VeriSign, Inc.
Public (NASDAQ: VRSN )
Founded 1995
Headquarters Mountain View, California, USA
Key people CEO: William A. Roper Jr, Chairman: D. James Bidzos
Industry Internet, Communications
Revenue $1.
..... Click the link for more information.
Public (NASDAQ: VRSN )
Founded 1995
Headquarters Mountain View, California, USA
Key people CEO: William A. Roper Jr, Chairman: D. James Bidzos
Industry Internet, Communications
Revenue $1.
..... Click the link for more information.
A country code top-level domain (ccTLD) is an Internet top-level domain generally used or reserved for a country or a dependent territory.
ccTLD identifiers are two letters long, and all two-letter top-level domains are ccTLDs.
..... Click the link for more information.
ccTLD identifiers are two letters long, and all two-letter top-level domains are ccTLDs.
..... Click the link for more information.
DENIC Verwaltungs- und Betriebsgesellschaft eG is the manager of the .de domain, the country-code top-level domain for Germany.
In 2005, it was one of five bidders seeking to win contract to operate the .net contract offered by ICANN.
..... Click the link for more information.
In 2005, it was one of five bidders seeking to win contract to operate the .net contract offered by ICANN.
External links
- DENIC.
..... Click the link for more information.
Anthem
"Das Lied der Deutschen" (third stanza)
also called "Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit"
..... Click the link for more information.
"Das Lied der Deutschen" (third stanza)
also called "Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit"
..... Click the link for more information.
Nominet UK is the .uk domain name registry in the United Kingdom, which was founded by Dr. Willie Black on 14 May 1996 when its predecessor, the 'Naming Committee' was unable to deal with the volume of registrations then being sought under the .uk domain.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Motto
"Dieu et mon droit" [2] (French)
"God and my right"
Anthem
"God Save the Queen" [3]
..... Click the link for more information.
"Dieu et mon droit" [2] (French)
"God and my right"
Anthem
"God Save the Queen" [3]
..... Click the link for more information.
Nominet UK is the .uk domain name registry in the United Kingdom, which was founded by Dr. Willie Black on 14 May 1996 when its predecessor, the 'Naming Committee' was unable to deal with the volume of registrations then being sought under the .uk domain.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
WHOIS is a TCP-based query/response protocol which is widely used for querying a database in order to determine the owner of a domain name, an IP address, or an autonomous system number on the Internet.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
On the Internet, the Domain Name System (DNS) associates various sorts of information with so-called domain names; most importantly, it serves as the "phone book" for the Internet by translating human-readable computer hostnames, e.g. en.wikipedia.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
SWITCH is the manager of the .ch and .li country-code top-level domains for Switzerland and Liechtenstein, respectively. It also manages the educational networks among Swiss universities, and the links to other (non Swiss) university networks.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Motto
Unus pro omnibus, omnes pro uno (Latin) (traditional)[1]
"One for all, all for one"
Anthem
"Swiss Psalm"
..... Click the link for more information.
Unus pro omnibus, omnes pro uno (Latin) (traditional)[1]
"One for all, all for one"
Anthem
"Swiss Psalm"
..... Click the link for more information.
.com
Introduced 1985
TLD type Generic top-level domain
Status Active
Registry VeriSign
Sponsor None
Intended use Commercial entities (worldwide)
Actual use Used for virtually any commercial or non-commercial website and is generally accepted as the standard
..... Click the link for more information.
Introduced 1985
TLD type Generic top-level domain
Status Active
Registry VeriSign
Sponsor None
Intended use Commercial entities (worldwide)
Actual use Used for virtually any commercial or non-commercial website and is generally accepted as the standard
..... Click the link for more information.
VeriSign, Inc.
Public (NASDAQ: VRSN )
Founded 1995
Headquarters Mountain View, California, USA
Key people CEO: William A. Roper Jr, Chairman: D. James Bidzos
Industry Internet, Communications
Revenue $1.
..... Click the link for more information.
Public (NASDAQ: VRSN )
Founded 1995
Headquarters Mountain View, California, USA
Key people CEO: William A. Roper Jr, Chairman: D. James Bidzos
Industry Internet, Communications
Revenue $1.
..... Click the link for more information.
A domain name registrar is a company accredited by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) and/or by a national ccTLD authority to register Internet domain names. These "retail" companies are often distinct from the "wholesale" domain name registry operator.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
First come, first served (sometimes first-come, first-served or simply FCFS) is a service policy whereby the requests of customers or clients are attended to in the order that they arrived, without other biases or preferences.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
19th century - 20th century - 21st century
1960s 1970s 1980s - 1990s - 2000s 2010s 2020s
1993 1994 1995 - 1996 - 1997 1998 1999
Year 1996 (MCMXCVI
..... Click the link for more information.
1960s 1970s 1980s - 1990s - 2000s 2010s 2020s
1993 1994 1995 - 1996 - 1997 1998 1999
Year 1996 (MCMXCVI
..... Click the link for more information.
19th century - 20th century - 21st century
1960s 1970s 1980s - 1990s - 2000s 2010s 2020s
1995 1996 1997 - 1998 - 1999 2000 2001
Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII
..... Click the link for more information.
1960s 1970s 1980s - 1990s - 2000s 2010s 2020s
1995 1996 1997 - 1998 - 1999 2000 2001
Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII
..... Click the link for more information.
ICANN (IPA /aɪkæn/) is the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers. Headquartered in Marina Del Rey, California, ICANN is a California non-profit corporation that was created on September 18, 1998 in order to oversee a number of Internet-related tasks
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Nominet UK is the .uk domain name registry in the United Kingdom, which was founded by Dr. Willie Black on 14 May 1996 when its predecessor, the 'Naming Committee' was unable to deal with the volume of registrations then being sought under the .uk domain.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
This article is copied from an article on Wikipedia.org - the free encyclopedia created and edited by online user community. The text was not checked or edited by anyone on our staff. Although the vast majority of the wikipedia encyclopedia articles provide accurate and timely information please do not assume the accuracy of any particular article. This article is distributed under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License.
Herod_Archelaus
