Information about Neoplasia
Neoplasia (new growth in Greek) is abnormal and purposeless proliferation of cells in a tissue or organ. A neoplastic growth is called a neoplasm. Most neoplasms proliferate to form distinct masses, or tumors, but there are also many examples of neoplastic processes which are not grossly apparent, a commonly diagnosed example being cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, a pre-cancerous lesion of the uterine cervix. It is important to note that the term "neoplasm" is not synonymous with cancer, since neoplasms can be either benign or malignant. Leiomyoma (fibroids of the uterus) and melanocytic nevi (moles) are the most common types of neoplasms - both are benign. On the other hand, cancer is a typical example of malignant neoplasia or tumor. Hence, it is important to be able to differentiate between neoplasia, tumor and cancer.
Interestingly, there is not a complete consensus in the biomedical community as to the exact biological definition of a neoplasm, although the statement of the British oncologist R.A. Willis is widely cited:
Neoplastic tumors often contain more than one type of cell, but their initiation and continued growth is usually dependent on a single population of neoplastic cells. These cells are clonal - that is, they are descended from a single progenitor cell. The neoplastic cells typically bear common genetic or epigenetic abnormalities which are not seen in the non-neoplastic stromal cells and blood-vessel forming cells, whose growth is dependent on molecular stimuli from the neoplastic cells. The demonstration of clonality is now considered by many to be necessary (though not sufficient) to define a cellular proliferation as neoplastic.
Tumor or tumour (via Old French tumour from Latin tumor "swelling") is an abnormal growth or mass of tissue. A tumor can be either malignant or benign.
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Tumor or tumour (via Old French tumour from Latin tumor "swelling") is an abnormal growth or mass of tissue. A tumor can be either malignant or benign.
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Pathology is the study and diagnosis of disease through examination of organs, tissues, cells and bodily fluids.
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Tumor or tumour (via Old French tumour from Latin tumor "swelling") is an abnormal growth or mass of tissue. A tumor can be either malignant or benign.
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Interestingly, there is not a complete consensus in the biomedical community as to the exact biological definition of a neoplasm, although the statement of the British oncologist R.A. Willis is widely cited:
| A neoplasm is an abnormal mass of tissue, the growth of which exceeds and is uncoordinated with that of the normal tissues, and persists in the same excessive manner after cessation of the stimulus which evoked the change.[1] |
Neoplastic tumors often contain more than one type of cell, but their initiation and continued growth is usually dependent on a single population of neoplastic cells. These cells are clonal - that is, they are descended from a single progenitor cell. The neoplastic cells typically bear common genetic or epigenetic abnormalities which are not seen in the non-neoplastic stromal cells and blood-vessel forming cells, whose growth is dependent on molecular stimuli from the neoplastic cells. The demonstration of clonality is now considered by many to be necessary (though not sufficient) to define a cellular proliferation as neoplastic.
Other uses
Neoplasia is also the name of a scientific journal for oncology research or a name of a Computer Demo Group, formed in 1995 (NPL). There is also a movie (Link), inspired by the releases of the demogroup.See also
External links
References
Pathology: Tumors, neoplasia, and oncology (, ) | |
|---|---|
| Benign tumors | Hyperplasia - Cyst - Pseudocyst - Hamartoma - Benign neoplasm |
| Malignant progression | Dysplasia - Carcinoma in situ - Invasive cancer - Metastasis |
| Topography | Anus - Bladder - Bile duct - Bone - Brain - Breast - Cervix - Colon/rectum - Endometrium - Esophagus - Eye - Gallbladder - Head/Neck - Liver - Kidney - Larynx - Lung - Mediastinum (chest) - Mouth - Ovaries - Pancreas - Penis - Prostate - Skin - Small intestine - Stomach - Tailbone - Testicles - Thyroid |
| Misc. | Tumor suppressor genes/oncogenes - Staging/grading - Carcinogenesis - Carcinogen - Research - Paraneoplastic phenomenon - List of oncology-related terms |
Biological tissue is a collection of interconnected cells that perform a similar function within an organism.
The study of tissue is known as histology, or, in connection with disease, histopathology.
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The study of tissue is known as histology, or, in connection with disease, histopathology.
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organ (Latin: organum, "instrument, tool") is a group of tissues that perform a specific function or group of functions. Usually there is a main tissue and sporadic tissues. The main tissue is the one that is unique for the specific organ.
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For malignant tumors specifically, see .
Tumor or tumour (via Old French tumour from Latin tumor "swelling") is an abnormal growth or mass of tissue. A tumor can be either malignant or benign.
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Gross examination or "grossing" is the process by which pathology specimens are inspected with the naked eye to obtain diagnostic information, while being processed for further microscopic examination.
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Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, or CIN, is the abnormal growth of precancerous cells in the cervix. Most cases of CIN remain stable, or are eliminated by the host's immune system without intervention.
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Benign (from the Latin roots bene- = "well" and -genus = "born"), a polyvalent term (refer ), is employed with a specific denotation as a medical term in medical discourse to describe a mild and nonprogressive disease.
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Malignant (from the Latin roots mal- = "bad" and -genus = "born") is a medical term used to describe a severe and progressively worsening disease. The term is most familiar as a description of cancer.
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Leiomyoma
Classification & external resources
ICD-10 D21, D25
ICD-9 218
ICD-O: 8890-8894
A leiomyoma (plural is 'leiomyomata') is a benign smooth muscle neoplasm that is not premalignant.
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Classification & external resources
ICD-10 D21, D25
ICD-9 218
ICD-O: 8890-8894
A leiomyoma (plural is 'leiomyomata') is a benign smooth muscle neoplasm that is not premalignant.
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MeSH D009506 Nevus (or naevus) is a general term that refers to a number of different (usually benign) pigmented lesions of the skin. Most birthmarks and moles are placed into the category of nevi.
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mutations are changes to the base pair sequence of the genetic material of an organism. Mutations can be caused by copying errors in the genetic material during cell division, by exposure to ultraviolet or ionizing radiation, chemical mutagens, or viruses, or can occur deliberately
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Epigenetics is a term in biology used today to refer to features such as chromatin and DNA modifications that are stable over rounds of cell division but do not involve changes in the underlying DNA sequence of the organism.
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In cell biology, stromal cells are connective tissue cells of an organ found in the loose connective tissue. These are most often associated with the uterine mucosa (endometrium), prostate, bone marrow precursor cells, and the ovary as well as the hematopoietic system and elsewhere.
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endothelium is the thin layer of cells that line the interior surface of blood vessels, forming an interface between circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall. Endothelial cells line the entire circulatory system, from the heart to the smallest capillary.
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scientific journal is a publication intended to further the progress of science, usually by reporting new research. Most journals are highly specialized, although some of the oldest journals such as Nature
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Oncology is the branch of medicine that studies tumors (cancer) and seeks to understand their development, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. A Medical professional who practices oncology is an oncologist.
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For malignant tumors specifically, see .
Tumor or tumour (via Old French tumour from Latin tumor "swelling") is an abnormal growth or mass of tissue. A tumor can be either malignant or benign.
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Paraneoplastic syndrome
Classification & external resources
DiseasesDB 2064
eMedicine med/1747
MeSH D010257
A paraneoplastic syndrome
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Classification & external resources
DiseasesDB 2064
eMedicine med/1747
MeSH D010257
A paraneoplastic syndrome
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Dysplasia (from Greek, roughly: "bad form") is a term used in pathology to refer to an abnormality in maturation of cells within a tissue. This generally consists of an expansion of immature cells, with a corresponding decrease in the number and location of mature cells.
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Oncology is the branch of medicine that studies tumors (cancer) and seeks to understand their development, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. A Medical professional who practices oncology is an oncologist.
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MeSH D017253 Neurofibromatosis is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder. It encompasses a set of distinct genetic disorders that cause tumors to grow along types of nerves and, in addition, can affect the development of non-nervous tissues such as bones and skin.
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The Diseases Database is a free website that provides information about the relationships between medical conditions, symptoms, and medications.
It directly integrates the Unified Medical Language System.
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It directly integrates the Unified Medical Language System.
External links
- Diseases Database
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Pathologist redirects here. For other uses of the terms pathology or pathological, see pathology (disambiguation).
Pathology is the study and diagnosis of disease through examination of organs, tissues, cells and bodily fluids.
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For malignant tumors specifically, see .
Tumor or tumour (via Old French tumour from Latin tumor "swelling") is an abnormal growth or mass of tissue. A tumor can be either malignant or benign.
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Oncology is the branch of medicine that studies tumors (cancer) and seeks to understand their development, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. A Medical professional who practices oncology is an oncologist.
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Hyperplasia (or "hypergenesis") is a general term referring to the proliferation of cells within an organ or tissue beyond that which is ordinarily seen. Hyperplasia may result in the gross enlargement of an organ, the formation of a benign tumor, or may be visible only under a
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- CYST see St. Theresa Point Airport.
- For hard-shelled resting stages of some small organisms, see encystment.
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A pseudocyst is a pathological collection of fluid. A pseudocyst may appear to be a true cyst to the naked eye or on a CAT scan. However, it is technically not a cyst. The wall of a true cyst consists of a clearly defined epithelial cell layer.
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MeSH D006222 A hamartoma is a focal malformation that resembles a neoplasm in the tissue of its origin. This is not a malignant tumor, and it grows at the same rate as the surrounding tissues.
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