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Inhabitants of the Near East, late nineteenth century.
The Near East is a term commonly used by archaeologists, geographers and historians, less commonly by journalists and commentators, to refer to the region encompassing Anatolia (the Asian portion of modern Turkey), the Levant (Palestine, Jordan, Syria and Lebanon), Georgia, Armenia, and Mesopotamia (Iraq and eastern Syria). The alternative term Middle East—preferred in some political and economic contexts—is not used by Near Eastern archaeologists and historians.

Background

The term Near East came into use in the 1890s, when European powers were faced with two critical situations in the "east".[1] The Sino-Japanese War in 1894–1895 occurred in the Far East, while an Armenian Genocide and instability involving the Cretans and Macedonians were occurring in the Near East.[1] British archaeologist D.G. Hogarth published The Nearer East in 1902, which helped to define the term and its extent, including Albania, Montenegro, southern Serbia and Bulgaria, Greece, Egypt, all the Ottoman lands, the entire Arabian peninsula, and western parts of Iran.[1]

See also

References

1. ^ Davidson, Roderic H. (1960). "Where is the Middle East?". Foreign Affairs 38: p. 665–675. 
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A geographer is a scientist whose area of study is geography, the study of Earth's physical environment and human habitat.

Though geographers are historically known as people who make maps, map making is actually the field of study of cartography, a subset of geography.
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Motto
Yurtta Sulh, Cihanda Sulh
Peace at Home, Peace in the World
Anthem
İstiklâl Marşı
The Anthem of Independence
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The Levant (IPA: /lə'vænt/) is an imprecise geographical term historically referring to a large area in the Middle East south of the Taurus Mountains, bounded by the Mediterranean Sea on the west, and by the northern
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Palestine (from Παλαιστινη; Palaestina; formerly also פלשתינה Palestina
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Anthem
عاش المليك
The Royal Anthem of Jordan
   ("As-salam al-malaki al-urdoni") 1
Long live the King
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Anthem
Homat el Diyar
Guardians of the Land


Capital
(and largest city) Damascus

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Motto
Kūllūnā li-l-waṭan, li-l-'ula wa-l-'alam   (Arabic)
"Nous sommes tous pour le pays, la sublimation et le drapeau!"
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Motto
ძალა ერთობაშია   (Georgian)
"Strength is in Unity"
Anthem
"Tavisupleba"
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Motto
Մեկ Ազգ, Մեկ Մշակույթ   (Armenian)
"

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Mesopotamia was a cradle of civilization geographically located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, largely corresponding to modern-day Iraq. Sumer in southern Mesopotamia is commonly regarded as the world's earliest civilization.
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Motto
الله أكبر    (Arabic)
"Allahu Akbar"   (transliteration)
"God is the Greatest"
Anthem

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Anthem
Homat el Diyar
Guardians of the Land


Capital
(and largest city) Damascus

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Middle East is a historical and political region of Africa-Eurasia with no clear boundaries. The term "Middle East" was popularized around 1900 in Britain, and has been criticized for its loose definition.
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Centuries: 18th century - 19th century - 20th century

1860s 1870s 1880s - 1890s - 1900s 1910s 1920s
1890 1891 1892 1893 1894
1895 1896 1897 1898 1899

- -
- The 1890s
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Europe is one of the seven traditional continents of the Earth. Physically and geologically, Europe is the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, west of Asia. Europe is bounded to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the west by the Atlantic Ocean, to the south by the Mediterranean Sea,
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First Sino-Japanese War (Simplified Chinese: 中日甲午战争; Traditional Chinese: 中日甲午戰爭
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Far East refers to the countries of East Asia[1] It was well popularized in the English language during the period of the British Empire as a blanket term for lands to the east of British India.
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Crete (Greek Κρήτη—classical transliteration Krētē, modern Greek transliteration Kríti; Ottoman Turkish گريد (Girit); Classical Latin Crēta, Vulgar Latin Candia
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Macedonia is a geographical and historical region of the Balkan peninsula in southeastern Europe whose area was re-defined in the early 20th century. The entire region covers parts of five Balkan countries: Greece, Republic of Macedonia, Bulgaria and minor parts of Albania and
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David George Hogarth (born May 23, 1862 in Barton-upon-Humber, Lincolnshire; died November 6, 1927 in Oxford) was an English archaeologist and scholar, associated with T. E. Lawrence and Arthur Evans.
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Motto
Ti Shqipëri më jep nder më jep emrin shqipëtar ( Albania give me honor, give me the Albanian name.)
Anthem
Rreth flamurit të përbashkuar''
("United Around the Flag")

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Anthem
Oj, svijetla majska zoro
"Oh, Bright Dawn of May"


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Anthem
Bože pravde
God of Justice


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Motto
Съединението прави силата   (Bulgarian)
"Suedinenieto pravi silata"
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Motto
Ελευθερία ή θάνατος
Eleftheria i thanatos  
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