Information about Ncr Paper
Carbonless copy paper or NCR paper is an alternative to carbon paper, used to make a copy of an original, handwritten document without the use of any electronics. The process was co-invented by chemists, Lowell Schleicher and Barry Green, working for the NCR Corporation as a biodegradable, stain-free alternative to carbon paper.[1] Early product literature piggybacked on NCR's corporate name by calling the paper No Carbon Required paper.
The back of the first sheet is coated with micro-encapsulated dye. The top of the middle sheet is coated with a clay that quickly reacts with the dye to form a permanent mark. The back of the middle sheet is also coated with the dye. The lowermost sheet is coated on the top surface with the clay with no coating applied to the back side.
When someone writes on the sheets, the pressure from the point of the writing instrument causes the micro-capsules to break and spill their dye. Since the capsules are so small, the print obtained is very accurate.
Carbonless copy paper was also available in a self-contained version that had both the ink & the clay on the same side of the paper.
Operation
Carbonless copy paper works in a fairly simple way. It consists of sheets of paper that are coated on the bottom and/or the top with micro-encapsulated dye or ink and/or a reactive clay.The back of the first sheet is coated with micro-encapsulated dye. The top of the middle sheet is coated with a clay that quickly reacts with the dye to form a permanent mark. The back of the middle sheet is also coated with the dye. The lowermost sheet is coated on the top surface with the clay with no coating applied to the back side.
When someone writes on the sheets, the pressure from the point of the writing instrument causes the micro-capsules to break and spill their dye. Since the capsules are so small, the print obtained is very accurate.
Carbonless copy paper was also available in a self-contained version that had both the ink & the clay on the same side of the paper.
Dyes and chemicals
The first dye used commercially in this application was crystal violet lactone, which is still widely used today. Other dyes and supporting chemicals used are PTSMH (p-toluene sulfinate of Michler's hydrol), TMA (trimellitic anhydride), phenol-formaldehyde resins, azo dyes, DIPN (diisopropyl naphtalenes), formaldehyde isocyanates, hydrocarbon-based solvents, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polyoxypropylene diamine, epoxy resins, aliphatic isocyanates, Bisphenol A, diethylene triamine, and others. The dyes in carbonless copy papers may cause contact dermatitis in sensitive persons.Potential Health Effects
Exposure to certain types of carbonless copy paper or its components has resulted, under some conditions, in mild to moderate symptoms of skin irritation and irritation of the mucosal membranes of the eyes and upper respiratory tract. In most cases, good industrial hygiene and work practices should be adequate to reduce or eliminate symptoms. These include adequate ventilation, humidity, and temperature controls; proper housekeeping; minimal hand-to-mouth and hand-to-eye contact; and periodic cleansing of hands. [2]References
1. ^ [1]
2. ^ National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health - Carbonless Copy Paper. United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Retrieved on 2007-10-13.
2. ^ National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health - Carbonless Copy Paper. United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Retrieved on 2007-10-13.
External links
- Patent: Pressure-sensitive record material
- Giroform.net - Specializing in Giroform Carbonless Paper
- Hazard Review: Carbonless Copy Paper, from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
Carbon paper (originally carbonic paper) is paper coated on one side with a layer of a loosely bound dry ink or pigmented coating, usually bound with wax. It is used for making one or more copies simultaneous with the creation of an original document.
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NCR Corporation
Public
Founded 1884, 1997
Headquarters Dayton, Ohio
Key people Bill Nuti, CEO
Industry Technology
Products data warehouses, ATMs,
retail store automation
Revenue 6.028 billion USD (2005)
Employees 28,201
Website www.ncr.
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Public
Founded 1884, 1997
Headquarters Dayton, Ohio
Key people Bill Nuti, CEO
Industry Technology
Products data warehouses, ATMs,
retail store automation
Revenue 6.028 billion USD (2005)
Employees 28,201
Website www.ncr.
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Biodegradation is the process by which organic substances are broken down by living organisms. The term is often used in relation to ecology, waste management, environmental remediation (bioremediation) and to plastic materials, due to their long life span.
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Carbon paper (originally carbonic paper) is paper coated on one side with a layer of a loosely bound dry ink or pigmented coating, usually bound with wax. It is used for making one or more copies simultaneous with the creation of an original document.
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Micro-encapsulation is a process in which tiny particles or droplets are surrounded by a coating to give small capsules with many useful properties. In a relatively simplistic form, a microcapsule is a small sphere with a uniform wall around it.
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dye can generally be described as a colored substance that has an affinity to the substrate to which it is being applied. The dye is generally applied in an aqueous solution, and may require a mordant to improve the fastness of the dye on the fiber.
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An ink is a liquid containing various pigments and/or dyes used for coloring a surface to produce an image or text. Ink is used for drawing or writing with a pen or brush or quill. Thicker inks, in paste form, are used extensively in letterpress and lithographic printing.
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Clay is a naturally occurring material, composed primarily of fine-grained minerals, which show plasticity through a variable range of water content, and which can be hardened when dried or fired.
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Print may refer to:
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- Printing, mostly using a printing press
- Printing press, printing with moveable metal type, see also Letterpress printing
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Crystal violet lactone (CVL) is a leuco dye, a lactone derivate of crystal violet 10B. In pure state it is a slightly yellowish crystalline powder, soluble in nonpolar or slightly polar organic solvents.
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Azo compounds refer to synthetic inorganic chemical compounds bearing the functional group R-N=N-R', in which R and R' can be either aryl or alkyl. The N=N group is called an azo or diimide.
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hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon. With relation to chemical terminology, aromatic hydrocarbons or arenes, alkanes, alkenes and alkyne-based compounds composed entirely of carbon or hydrogen are referred to as "Pure" hydrocarbons, whereas
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A solvent is a liquid that dissolves a solid, liquid, or gaseous solute, resulting in a solution. The most common solvent in everyday life is water. Most other commonly-used solvents are organic (carbon-containing) chemicals. These are called organic solvents.
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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are chemical compounds that consist of fused aromatic rings and do not contain heteroatoms or carry substituents [1]. These compounds can be point source pollutants (e.g. oil spill) or non-point source (e.g.
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In chemistry, epoxy or polyepoxide is a thermosetting epoxide polymer that cures (polymerizes and crosslinks) when mixed with a catalyzing agent or "hardener". Most common epoxy resins are produced from a reaction between epichlorohydrin and bisphenol-A.
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Isocyanate is the functional group of atoms –N=C=O (1 nitrogen, 1 carbon, 1 oxygen), not to be confused with the cyanate functional group which is arranged as –O–C≡N.
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Bisphenol A is a chemical compound containing two phenol functional groups. It belongs to the phenol class of aromatic organic compounds. It is widely prepared and sold and various important polymers/plastics are made from it.
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Diethylenetriamine (DETA) is a yellow hygroscopic liquid, soluble in water and hydrocarbons. Its water solution is strongly alkaline. Its boiling point is 206 °C.
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Contact dermatitis
Classification & external resources
ICD-10 L 25.9
ICD-9 692.9
DiseasesDB 29585
eMedicine emerg/131 ped/2569 oph/480
MeSH D003877
Contact dermatitis
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Classification & external resources
ICD-10 L 25.9
ICD-9 692.9
DiseasesDB 29585
eMedicine emerg/131 ped/2569 oph/480
MeSH D003877
Contact dermatitis
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The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (or NIOSH) is the United States federal agency responsible for conducting research and making recommendations for the prevention of work-related injury and illness.
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