Information about Myron
- This article is about the sculptor. For the author, see Myron of Priene. For the book, see Myron (novel). For the given name, see Myron (given name).
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Minotaur, from a fountain in Athens, reflecting Myron's lost group of Theseus and the Minotaur (National Archaeological Museum of Athens)
The traveller Pausanias noted sculptures by Myron that remained in situ in the second century CE. Chionis, a seventh century Olympic victor from Sparta was commemorated in an idealized bronze by Myron[3]
He worked almost exclusively in bronze:[4] and though he made some statues of gods and heroes, his fame rested principally upon his representations of athletes, in which he made a revolution, according to commentators in Antiquity, by introducing greater boldness of pose and a more perfect rhythm, subordinating the parts to the whole. Pliny's remark that Myron's works were numerosior than those of Polycleitus and "more diligent"[5] seem to suggest that they were considered more harmonious in proportions (numeri) and at the same time more convincing in their realism: diligentia connoted "attentive care to fine points", a quality that, in moderation, was characteristic of the best works of art, according to critics in Antiquity.[6]
His most famous works according to Pliny's Natural History (34.57-59) were a heifer, a dog (canem, Cerberus?), a Perseus, a satyr— Marsyas— admiring the flute and Minerva (Athena), a Hercules, which was taken to the shrine dedicated by Pompey the Great at the Circus Maximus, Discobolus (the discus thrower), and an Apollo for Ephesus, "which Antony the triumvir took from the Ephesians, but the deified Augustus restored it again after being warned in a dream".[7] The Early Imperial Roman writers consistently rated Myron among the greatest of Greek sculptors, a sign that his contemporaneous reputation had remained high.
The heifer seems to have earned its fame mainly by serving as a peg on which to hang epigrams,[8] which tell us nothing about the pose of the animal. An epigram[9] on Ladas, the fleetest runner of his time, notes that he was commemorated in a sculpture by Myron; of Myron's Ladas there is no known copy. A description by Lucian[10] conclusively identifies as Myron's the Discobolus or "Discus-Thrower", of which several copies exist, of which the best is in the Palazzo Massimi alle Terme, Rome. Strabo also registers stray comments on Myron, especially a large group at Samos; several surviving heads were identified as copies of Myron's Samian Athena by C.K. Jenkins in 1926.[11]
A marble figure in the Lateran Museum, which is now restored as a dancing satyr, is almost certainly a copy of a work of Myron, a Marsyas desirous of picking up the aulos which Athena had thrown away.[12] The full group is copied on coins of Athens, on a vase and in a relief which represent Marsyas as oscillating between curiosity and the fear of the displeasure of Athena.
The ancient critics say of Myron that, while he succeeded admirably in giving life and motion to his figures, he did not succeed in rendering the emotions of the mind. This agrees with the extant evidence, in a certain degree, though not perfectly. The bodies of his men are of far greater excellence than the heads. The face of the Marsyas is almost a mask; but from the attitude we gain a vivid impression of the passions which sway him. The face of the discus-thrower is calm and unruffled; but all the muscles of his body are concentrated in an effort.
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Roman bronze reduction of Myron's Discobolos, 2nd century CE (Glyptothek, Munich)
A papyrus from Oxyrhyncus gives dates of victors at Olympia of whom Myron made statues of the athlete Timanthes, victorious at Olympia in 456 BC, and of Lycinus, victorious in 448 and 444. This helps us to fix his date. He was a contemporary, but a somewhat older contemporary, of Pheidias and Polykleitos.[14]
Notes
1. ^ Pausanias' references (e.g. 6.8.4, etc.) seem to suggest that he habitually signed his works "Myron the Athenian": Eleutherae became an Athenian demos in 460 BCE.
2. ^ Pliny, Natural Hisory 34.57, suggests that Myron was also in some sense self-taught: "Hageladae et ipsum discipulum." The account of Myron directly follows Pliny's account of Polyclitus of Sicyon, also a pupil of Ageladas.
3. ^ Pausanias iii.14.3.
4. ^ Pausanias thought a xoanon was by Myron (Pausanias 2.30.2)
5. ^ "numerosior in arte quam Polyclitus et in symmetria diligentior"
6. ^ Ellen E. Perry, "Notes on Diligentia as a term of Roman art criticism" Classical Philology 95.4 (October 2000), pp. 445-458.
7. ^ "fecit et canem et discobolon et Perseum et pristas et Satyrum admirantem tibias et Minervam, Delphicos pentathlos, pancratiasta, Herculem, qui est apud circum maximum in aede Pompei Magni. fecisse et cicadae monumentum ac locustae carminibus suis Erinna significat. fecit et Apollinem, quem ab triumviro Antonio sublatum restituit Ephesiis divus Augustus admonitus in quiete"
8. ^ There are thirty-six epigrams on Myron's heifer in the Greek Anthology, most of them remarking on its realism.
9. ^ In the Greek Anthology.
10. ^ Lucian of Samosata, Philopseudes 18.
11. ^ C.K. Jenkins, "The Reinstatement of Myron" The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs 49 No. 283 (October 1926), pp. 182-192.
12. ^ Pausanias, 1.24.1; H. Anne Weis, "The 'Marsyas' of Myron: Old Problems and New Evidence" American Journal of Archaeology 83.2 (April 1979), pp. 214-219, distinguishes two versions.
13. ^ A. Furtwängler, Masterpieces of Greek Sculpture, (London) 1907, 168—2 19
14. ^ Bernard Pyne Grenfell and Arthur Surridge Hunt, The Oxyrhynchus Papyri 1899, p 86f.
2. ^ Pliny, Natural Hisory 34.57, suggests that Myron was also in some sense self-taught: "Hageladae et ipsum discipulum." The account of Myron directly follows Pliny's account of Polyclitus of Sicyon, also a pupil of Ageladas.
3. ^ Pausanias iii.14.3.
4. ^ Pausanias thought a xoanon was by Myron (Pausanias 2.30.2)
5. ^ "numerosior in arte quam Polyclitus et in symmetria diligentior"
6. ^ Ellen E. Perry, "Notes on Diligentia as a term of Roman art criticism" Classical Philology 95.4 (October 2000), pp. 445-458.
7. ^ "fecit et canem et discobolon et Perseum et pristas et Satyrum admirantem tibias et Minervam, Delphicos pentathlos, pancratiasta, Herculem, qui est apud circum maximum in aede Pompei Magni. fecisse et cicadae monumentum ac locustae carminibus suis Erinna significat. fecit et Apollinem, quem ab triumviro Antonio sublatum restituit Ephesiis divus Augustus admonitus in quiete"
8. ^ There are thirty-six epigrams on Myron's heifer in the Greek Anthology, most of them remarking on its realism.
9. ^ In the Greek Anthology.
10. ^ Lucian of Samosata, Philopseudes 18.
11. ^ C.K. Jenkins, "The Reinstatement of Myron" The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs 49 No. 283 (October 1926), pp. 182-192.
12. ^ Pausanias, 1.24.1; H. Anne Weis, "The 'Marsyas' of Myron: Old Problems and New Evidence" American Journal of Archaeology 83.2 (April 1979), pp. 214-219, distinguishes two versions.
13. ^ A. Furtwängler, Masterpieces of Greek Sculpture, (London) 1907, 168—2 19
14. ^ Bernard Pyne Grenfell and Arthur Surridge Hunt, The Oxyrhynchus Papyri 1899, p 86f.
References
- Andrew Stewart, One Hundred Greek Sculptors: Their Careers and Extant Works 7.42. (On-line text)
Myron of Priene was the author of an historical account of the first Messenian war, from the taking of Ampheia to the death of Aristodemus. His date cannot be ascertained accurately, but he belongs in all probability to the Alexandrine period, not earlier than the 3rd century BCE
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Myron
Author Gore Vidal
Country United States
Language English
Genre(s) Science fiction novel
Publisher Random House
Publication date 1974
Media type Print (Hardcover and Paperback)
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Author Gore Vidal
Country United States
Language English
Genre(s) Science fiction novel
Publisher Random House
Publication date 1974
Media type Print (Hardcover and Paperback)
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Myron is a masculine given name that was popular during the early part of the 20th century. The popularity of the name declined during the 1960s and it is very rare today to see young people with the name Myron. The female equivalent of Myron is considered to be Myra.
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Writing system: Greek alphabet
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Official language of: Greece
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Writing system: Greek alphabet
Official status
Official language of: Greece
Cyprus
European Union
recognised as minority language in parts of:
European Union
Italy
Turkey
Regulated by:
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sculpture is a man-made three-dimensional object intended for special recognition as art. A person that creates sculptures is called a sculptor.
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Materials of sculpture through history
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Boeotia, Beotia, or Bœotia (Greek: Βοιωτία - English IPA: /biːˈoʊʃiə/
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Attica (Greek: Αττική, Attiki) is a periphery (subdivision) in Greece, containing Athens, the capital of Greece. Attica is subdivided into the prefectures of Athens, Piraeus, East Attica and West Attica.
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Naturalis Historia (Latin for "Natural History") is an encyclopedia written circa AD 77 by Pliny the Elder.
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Table of contents
In its present form the Natural History consists of 37 books,..... Click the link for more information.
Ageladas, or (as the name is spelt in an inscription) Hagelaidas, was a celebrated Argive sculptor, who flourished in the latter part of the 6th and the early part of the 5th century BC.
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Pausanias (Greek: Παυσανίας) was a Greek traveller and geographer of the 2nd century A.D., who lived in the times of Hadrian, Antoninus Pius and Marcus Aurelius.
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Bronze is any of a broad range of copper alloys, usually with tin as the main additive, but sometimes with other elements such as phosphorus, manganese, aluminium, or silicon. (See table below.) It was particularly significant in antiquity, giving its name to the Bronze Age.
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Athlete may refer to:
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- Sportsperson, someone who does sports
- Athlete (track and field), someone who does track and field
- Athlete (band), from south London
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Polykleit (or Polyklitos, Polycleitus, Polyclitus; Greek Πολύκλειτος'); called the Elder[1] was a Greek sculptor in bronze of the fifth and the early fourth century BC.
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Gaius or Caius Plinius Secundus, (AD 23 – August 24, AD 79), better known as Pliny the Elder, was an ancient author, naturalist or natural philosopher and naval and military commander of some importance who wrote Naturalis Historia.
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Cerberus or Kerberos (Greek Κέρβερος, Kerberos, "demon of the pit") was the hound of Hades, a monstrous three-headed dog with a snake for a tail (sometimes said to have 50 or 100 heads) called a hellhound.
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Circus Maximus (Latin for greatest circus, in Italian Circo Massimo) is an ancient hippodrome and mass entertainment venue located in Rome.
Situated in the valley between the Aventine and Palatine hills, the location was first utilized for public games and
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Situated in the valley between the Aventine and Palatine hills, the location was first utilized for public games and
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The Discobolus of Myron ("discus thrower" Greek Δισκοβόλος του Μύρωνα) is a famous Roman marble copy of a lost Greek bronze original, completed during the zenith of the classical
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Discus is an athletic throwing event in track and field competition. The discus, the object to be thrown, is a heavy lenticular disc with a diameter of 220 mm (8.66 inches) and a weight of two kilograms (4 lb 7 oz) for the men's event, and one kg (2 lb 3 oz) for the
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An epigram is a short poem with a clever twist at the end or a concise and witty statement. They are among the best examples of the power of poetry to compress insight and wit.
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Lucian of Samosata (Greek: Λουκιανὸς ὁ Σαμοσατεύς, Latin: Lucianus; c. A.D.
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The Discobolus of Myron ("discus thrower" Greek Δισκοβόλος του Μύρωνα) is a famous Roman marble copy of a lost Greek bronze original, completed during the zenith of the classical
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National Museum of Rome (Museo Nazionale Romano in Italian) is a set of museums in Rome, Italy, split between various branches across the city. It was founded in 1889 and inaugurated in 1890, during the Risorgimento, with the aim of collecting antiquities from between the
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Strabo[1] (Greek: Στράβων; 63/64 BC – ca. AD 24) was a Greek historian, geographer and philosopher. He is mostly famous for his 17-volume work Geographica
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Samos is the name of various places:
Greece:
- Samos Island is a Greek island of the Aegean. The adjective "Samian" is used to describe the island's products, people, and history, in particular:
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satyrs (in Greek, Σάτυροι — Sátyroi) are a troop of male companions of Pan and Dionysus— "satyresses" were a late invention of poets— that roamed the woods and mountains.
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Marsyas was a satyr who challenged Apollo to a contest of music and lost his hide and life. He was the son of Olympus (son of Heracles and Euboea, daughter of Thespius), or of Oeagrus, or of Hyagnis. Olympus was, alternatively, said to be Marsyas' son or pupil.
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The aulos (Greek αυλός, plural αυλόι, auloi) or tibia (Latin) was an ancient Greek musical instrument.
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ATHENA is an antimatter research project that is taking place at the AD Ring at CERN. In 2002, it was the first experiment to produce 50,000 low-energy antihydrogen atoms, as reported in the journal Nature[1].
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