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Information about Murat I

Murad I
Ottoman Period
Preceded by
Orhan I		Ottoman Sultan
1359–1389		Succeeded by
Bayezid I


Murad I (nick-named Hüdavendigâr, "the God-like One") (Turkish:I.Murat Hügavendigâr) (1319 or 1326 – 1389) (Arabic: مراد الأول) was the ruler of the Ottoman Empire from 1359 to 1389. He was the son of Orhan I and the Byzantine princess Helen (Nilüfer) who was of ethnic Greek descent[1][2][3], and became the ruler following his father's death in 1359.

Establishment of Empire

He established the Empire by building up a society and government in the newly conquered city of Adrianople (Edirne in Turkish) and by expanding the realm in Europe, bringing most of the Balkans under Ottoman rule and forcing the Byzantine emperor to pay him tribute. It was Murad who established the former Osmanli tribe into an empire. He established the title of sultan in 1383 and the corps of the janissaries and the devşirme recruiting system. He also organised the government of the Divan, the system of timars and timar-holders (timariots) and the military judge, the kazasker. He also established the two provinces of Anadolu (Anatolia) and Rumeli (Europe).

Wars

Murad fought against the powerful emirate of Karamanid in Anatolia and against the Serbs, Bulgarians and Hungarians in Europe. His moves in the Balkans brought together a Christian coalition under the king of Hungary, but they were defeated at the Battle of Maritsa on September 26, 1371 by Murad's capable second lieutenant Lala Şâhin Paşa, the first governor (beylerbey) of Rumeli. In 1366 the Serbian king was forced to pay tribute to the Sultan and in 1385 Sofia fell to the Ottomans. In 1386 Murad invaded the Moravian Serbia, but Prince Lazar Hrebeljanović defeated him at the Battle of Pločnik. His army didn't suffer heavy casualties, and he was enable to capture Niš on the way back. In 1389 Murad's army indecisively defeated the Christian Serbian Army with its allies under the leadership of Lazar at the Battle of Kosovo. During the battle, Murad I was assassinated by Miloš Obilić, a Serbian noble who earlier swore that it would be his sword that would kill Murad. (see the conquests of Murad I), so his son Bayezid took charge over the battle. Though Murad made him swear to hold his brother dear, he executed him immediately as a pretender. After the victory, Bayezid retreated to consolidate control of the Empire.

Marriages and Progeny

Enlarge picture
Murad I, oil on canvas by Haydar Hatemi
Marriages of Murad I: Progeny of Murad I:
  • Yakub Celebi - (d. 1389)
  • Sultan Bayezid I (1354-1403)- son of Gulcicek Hatun
  • Savci Bey - son
  • Ibrahim Bey - son
  • Yahshi Bey - son of Gulcicek Hatun
  • Halil Bey - son
  • Nefise - daughter
  • Sultan - daughter

Notes

1. ^ The Fall of Constantinople, Steven Runciman, Cambridge University Press, p.36
2. ^ The Nature of the Early Ottoman State, Heath W. Lowry, 2003 SUNY Press, p.153
3. ^ History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey, Stanford Jay Shaw, Cambridge University Press, p.24

References

Weblinks

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Sultans of the Ottoman Empire
Rise (1299–1453)Osman I - Orhan I - Murad I - Bayezid I - Mehmed I - Murad II - Mehmed II
Growth (1453–1683)Bayezid II - Selim I - Suleiman I - Selim II - Murad III - Mehmed III - Ahmed I - Mustafa I - Osman II - Murad IV - Ibrahim I - Mehmed IV
Stagnation (1683–1827)Suleiman II - Ahmed II - Mustafa II - Ahmed III - Mahmud I - Osman III - Mustafa III - Abdul Hamid I - Selim III - Mustafa IV - Mahmud II
Decline (1828–1908)Abdlmecid - Abdlziz - Murad V - Abdul Hamid II
Dissolution (1908–1923)Mehmed V - Mehmed VI
The rise of the Ottoman Empire is the period from the late thirteenth century to 1453. In late 13th century, the Seljuq empire had collapsed and Anatolia was divided into many small states. One of these states was Söğüt, a small tribe settled in river valley of Sakarya.
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The Ottoman Dynasty (or the Imperial House of Osman) ruled the Ottoman Empire from 1281 to 1923, beginning with Osman I (not counting his father, Ertuğrul), though the dynasty was not proclaimed until 1383 when Murad I declared himself sultan.
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Bayezid I (Ottoman: بايزيد الأول, Turkish: Beyazıt, nicknamed Yıldırım
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Turkish (Türkçe, ] (help info )
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1319 in other calendars
Gregorian calendar 1319
MCCCXIX
Ab urbe condita 2072
Armenian calendar 768
ԹՎ ՉԿԸ
Bah' calendar -525 – -524
Buddhist calendar 1863
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1326 in other calendars
Gregorian calendar 1326
MCCCXXVI
Ab urbe condita 2079
Armenian calendar 775
ԹՎ ՉՀԵ
Bah' calendar -518 – -517
Buddhist calendar 1870
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13rd century - 14th century - 15th century
1350s  1360s  1370s  - 1380s -  1390s  1400s  1410s
1386 1387 1388 - 1389 - 1390 1391 1392

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al-‘Arabiyyah in written Arabic (Kufic script):  
Pronunciation: /alˌʕa.raˈbij.ja/
Spoken in: Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman,
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Ottoman Empire or Ottoman Caliphate (1299 to 1922) (Old Ottoman Turkish: دولت عالیه عثمانیه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish:
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1359 in other calendars
Gregorian calendar 1359
MCCCLIX
Ab urbe condita 2112
Armenian calendar 808
ԹՎ ՊԸ
Bah' calendar -485 – -484
Buddhist calendar 1903
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13rd century - 14th century - 15th century
1350s  1360s  1370s  - 1380s -  1390s  1400s  1410s
1386 1387 1388 - 1389 - 1390 1391 1392

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Byzantine Empire or Byzantium is the term conventionally used since the 19th century to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire of the Middle Ages, centered on its capital of Constantinople.
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17,000,000
Regions with significant populations
 Greece [1]
 United States
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1359 in other calendars
Gregorian calendar 1359
MCCCLIX
Ab urbe condita 2112
Armenian calendar 808
ԹՎ ՊԸ
Bah' calendar -485 – -484
Buddhist calendar 1903
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Edirne (see also its ) is a city in Thrace, the westernmost part of Turkey, close to the borders with Greece and Bulgaria.

Name

The city was known in English until after the First World War as Adrianople (see below).
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Turkish (Türkçe, ] (help info )
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Europe is one of the seven traditional continents of the Earth. Physically and geologically, Europe is the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, west of Asia. Europe is bounded to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the west by the Atlantic Ocean, to the south by the Mediterranean Sea,
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Balkans is the historic and geographic name used to describe a region of southeastern Europe. The region has a combined area of 550,000 km² and an approximate population of 55 million people.
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Byzantine Empire or Byzantium is the term conventionally used since the 19th century to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire of the Middle Ages, centered on its capital of Constantinople.
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The Ottoman Turks were the subdivision of the Ottoman Muslim Millet that dominated the ruling class of the Ottoman Empire. The ruling class is covered under Ottoman Dynasty.
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Sultan (Arabic: سلطان) is an Islamic title, with several historical meanings. Originally it was an Arabic language abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", or "rulership", derived from the Arabic
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1383 in other calendars
Gregorian calendar 1383
MCCCLXXXIII
Ab urbe condita 2136
Armenian calendar 832
ԹՎ ՊԼԲ
Bah' calendar -461 – -460
Buddhist calendar 1927
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The Janissaries (derives from Ottoman Turkish: يكيچرى (yeniçeri) meaning "new soldier") comprised infantry units that formed the Ottoman sultan's household troops and bodyguard.
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Divan or diwan (Persian دیوان) was a high governmental body in a number of Islamic states, or its chief official (see Diwan (title)). The piece of furniture was also named after it.
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A timariot (or timar holder; timarlu in Turkish) was an irregular cavalryman that served the Ottoman sultan and in return was granted a fief called a timar.
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The Province of Anatolia (Turkish: Anadolu) was one of two the core provinces in the early years of the Ottoman Empire. It was controlled directly by the sultan from Constantinople (Istanbul). Consisting of western Anatolia, its capital was Bursa.
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Rumelia or Rumeli (Turkish: Rumeli ("Land of the Romans" from Rum: "Greek" [formerly "Roman"] and El: "Land"[1]); Greek: Ρούμελη, Roúmeli
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