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Motorola 6800 Microprocessor


The 6800 is a microprocessor produced by Motorola and released shortly after the Intel 8080 in 1975. It had 78 instructions, including the (in)famous, undocumented Halt and Catch Fire (HCF) bus test instruction.[1] It may have been the first Microprocessor with an index register.

It was usually packaged in a 40 pin DIP (dual-inline package).

Several first-generation microcomputers of the 1970s, available by mail order as kits or in assembled form, used the 6800 as their CPU; examples are the MEK6800D2 development board, the SWTPC 6800 (the first computer to use the 6800), the MITS Altair 680 range (MITS offered these as alternatives to its Altair 8800 which used the Intel 8080), several of the Ohio Scientific designs, Gimix, Smoke Signal Broadcasting, Midwest Scientific, and the Newbear 77/68.

The 6800 'fathered' several descendants, the pinnacle being the greatly extended and semi-compatible 6809, which was used in the Vectrex video game console and the TRS-80 Color Computer, among several others. There are also many microcontrollers descended from the 6800 architecture, such as the Motorola 6801/6803, 6805, 68HC08, 68HC11 and 68HC12.

Hitachi, Ltd. acted as a second source for many of Motorola's CPUs, and also produced its own derivatives including the 6301 and 6303, which could run 6800 code. These microprocessors also had a couple of extra instructions added to their instruction sets.

Competitor MOS Technology came up with an architectural relative of the 6800, with its 6502 ('lawsuit compatible' MPU) and its successors. The 6502 did not have the 16 bit registers of the 6800, but had more addressing modes. The 6502 was used in many computers and game consoles during the late 1970s and early-to-mid-1980s (most notably the Atari 2600, Apple II, the Commodore PET, VIC-20 and Commodore 64, and the Acorn Electron/BBC Microcomputer), and the Nintendo Entertainment System or NES.

Program model

 7A0 
 7B0 
15X0
15PC0
15SP0
 7CCR0 
2*8 bits
16 bits
16 bits
16 bits
8 bits


A - Accumulator A
B - Accumulator B
X - Index register
PC - Program Counter
SP - Stack Pointer
CCR - Conditional Code Register

See also

References

1. ^ Wheeler, Gerry (December 1977). "Undocumented M6800 Instructions". BYTE 2 (12): 46-47.  Halt and Catch Fire instruction.

External links

 •  • [ e]
Motorola/Freescale processors
The 6800 family6809 (see also: Hitachi 6309)
68000 family68000 68008 68010 68012 68020 68030 68040 68060 ColdFire DragonBall
Low-cost variants68EC000 68EC020 68EC030 68EC040 68LC040
Pre-PowerPC RISC88000
Floating-point coprocessors68881, 68882
PowerPC familyPPC e200 PPC 603e/e300 PPC 75x PPC e500 PPC 74xx/e600 PowerQUICC family
  •  • [ e] List of Motorola/Freescale microcontrollers
6801/6803 | 6802 | 6804 | 68HC05 | 68HC08 | 68HC11 | 68HC12 | 68HC16 | 683XX | M*CORE | MPC5xx | PowerQUICC | DSP568XX (DSPcontroller) | PowerPC


This article was originally based on material from the Free On-line Dictionary of Computing, which is licensed under the GFDL.
Microprocessor

Die of an Intel 80486DX2 microprocessor (actual size: 12×6.75 mm) in its packaging
Date Invented: Late 1960s/Early 1970s (see article for explanation)

Connects to:
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Motorola Inc.

Public (NYSE: MOT )
Founded 1928
Headquarters Schaumburg, Illinois, USA

Key people Edward Zander, CEO & Chairman
Industry Telecommunications
Products Embedded systems
Microprocessors
Mobile phones
Two-Way radios
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Intel 8080
Central processing unit

An Intel C8080A processor.
Produced: mid 1974
Manufacturer: Intel
CPU Speeds: 2 MHz

Instruction Set: pre x86

Number of cores:
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19th century - 20th century - 21st century
1940s  1950s  1960s  - 1970s -  1980s  1990s  2000s
1972 1973 1974 - 1975 - 1976 1977 1978

Year 1975 (MCMLXXV
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Halt and Catch Fire, known by the mnemonic HCF, was originally a fictitious computer machine code instruction claimed to be under development at IBM for use in their System/360 computers, along with many other amusing instructions such as "Execute Operator".
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An index register in a computer's CPU is a processor register used for modifying operand addresses during the run of a program, typically for doing vector/array operations. Index registers were first used in the British Manchester Mark I computer, in 1949.
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Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century

1940s 1950s 1960s - 1970s - 1980s 1990s 2000s
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

- -
- The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979, also called
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central processing unit (CPU), or sometimes simply processor, is the component in a digital computer capable of executing a program.(Knott 1974) It interprets computer program instructions and processes data.
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The MEK6800D2 was a development board for the Motorola 6800 microprocessor, produced by Motorola in 1976. It featured a keyboard with hexadecimal keys and a LED display, but also featured an RS-232 asynchronous serial interface for a Teletype or other terminal.
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The U.S. company SWTPC started in 1964 as DEMCO (Daniel E. Meyer Company). It was incorporated in 1967 as Southwest Technical Products Corporation of San Antonio, Texas.
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MITS Altair 8800 was a microcomputer design from 1975, based on the Intel 8080 CPU. Sold as a kit through Popular Electronics magazine, the designers intended to sell only a few hundred to hobbyists, and were surprised when they sold thousands in the first month.
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The Newbear 77/68 was a kit of parts from which a purchaser could construct a home computer based around a Motorola 6800 microprocessor.

History

The 77/68 was offered for sale by Bear Microcomputer Systems of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England from June, 1977.
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The Motorola 6809 is an 8-bit (arguably, an 8/16-bit) microprocessor CPU from Motorola, introduced circa 1979. It was a major advance over both its predecessor, the Motorola 6800, and the related, MOS Technology 6502.
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NA November 1982
EU May 1983
JP June 1983

Controller input Two Vectrex was an 8-bit video game console developed by General Consumer Electric (GCE) and later bought by Milton Bradley Company.
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video game console is an interactive entertainment computer or electronic device that manipulates the video display signal of a display device (a television, monitor, etc.) to display a game.
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Type Home computer
Released 1980
Discontinued 1991
Processor Motorola 6809E @ 1 MHz / 1.5 MHz / 2.0 MHz
Memory 4 KB / 16 KB / 32 KB/ 64 KB / 128 KB / 512 KB
OS Color BASIC 1.0 / 2.
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microcontroller (or MCU) is a computer-on-a-chip. It is a type of microprocessor emphasizing self-sufficiency and cost-effectiveness, in contrast to a general-purpose microprocessor (the kind used in a PC).
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The 68HC08 (HC08 in short) is a broad family of 8-bit microcontrollers from Freescale Semiconductor (formerly Motorola Semiconductor).

HC08's are fully code-compatible with their predecessors, the Motorola 68HC05.
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The 68HC11 (6811 or HC11 for short) is a microcontroller (µC) family originally from Motorola, now produced by Freescale Semiconductor, descended from the Motorola 6800 microprocessor. It is a CISC microcontroller.
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The 68HC12 (6812 or HC12 for short) is a 16-bit microcontroller family from Freescale Semiconductor. Originally introduced in the mid 1990s, the architecture is an enhancement of the Freescale 68HC11.
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This article needs sources or references that appear in reliable, third-party publications. Alone, primary sources and sources affiliated with the subject of this article are not sufficient for an accurate encyclopedia article.
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MOS Technology, Inc., also known as CSG (Commodore Semiconductor Group), was a semiconductor design and fabrication company based in Norristown, Pennsylvania, in the United States.
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The MOS Technology 6502 is an 8-bit microprocessor that was designed by Chuck Peddle for MOS Technology in 1975. When it was introduced, it was the least expensive full-featured CPU on the market by a considerable margin, costing less than one-sixth the price of competing designs
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Atari 2600, released in October 1977, is the video game console credited with popularizing the use of microprocessor based hardware and cartridges containing game code, instead of having non-microprocessor dedicated hardware with all games built in.
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Apple II (sometimes written as Apple ][ or Apple //) was the first popular microcomputer manufactured by Apple. Its direct ancestor was the Apple I, a limited production circuit board computer for electronics hobbyists which pioneered many features that made the Apple
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The PET (Personal Electronic Transactor) was a home-/personal computer produced by Commodore starting in the late 1970s. Although it was not a top seller outside the Canadian, US, and UK educational markets, it was Commodore's first full-featured
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Type Home computer
Released 1980 (VIC-1001) / 1981
Discontinued 1985
Processor MOS Technology 6502
@ ca. 1MHz
Memory 5 KB - 64 KB
OS Commodore BASIC 2.
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Type Home computer
Released August 1982
Discontinued April 1994
Processor MOS Technology 6510 @ 1.02 MHz (NTSC version) / 0.985MHz (PAL version)
Memory 64 KB
OS Commodore BASIC 2.
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Acorn Electron was a budget version of the BBC Micro educational/home computer made by Acorn Computers Ltd. It had 32 kilobytes of RAM, and its ROM memory included BBC BASIC along with its operating system.
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