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Information about Mongols

Mongols

Total population
10 million (est.)
Regions with significant populations
 China (5.8 million)
 Mongolia (2.4 million)
 Russia (0.5 million)
Languages
Mongolic languages
Religions
Predominantly Tibetan Buddhism and Shamanism with minorities of Islam, Christianity, Atheism
Related ethnic groups
Khalkha, Daurs, Buryats, Dorbots, Kalmyks, Oirats, Chahars, Tümeds, Ordoses, Bayad, Dariganga, Urianhai, Üzemchin, Zakhchin.


The name Mongols (Mongolian: Монгол Mongol) specifies one or several ethnic groups largely located now in Mongolia, China, and Russia.

Definition

A narrow definition includes the Mongols proper (self-designation Monggol), which can be roughly divided into eastern and western Mongols. In a wider sense, the Mongol peoples includes all people who speak a Mongolic language, such as the Kalmyks of eastern Europe.

The name Monggol appeared first in 8th century records of the Chinese Tang dynasty, but then only resurfaced in the 11th century during the rule of the Khitan.[1] At first it was applied to some small and still insignificant tribes in the area of the Onon River. In the 13th century, it grew into an umbrella term for a large group of Mongolic and Turkic tribes united under the rule of Genghis Khan.

The specific origin of the Mongolic languages and associated tribes is unclear. Some researchers have proposed that they developed from a Tungusic splinter group; others suspect Paleosiberian influences.<ref name="britannica" />

Geographic distribution

Today, people of Mongol origin live in Mongolia, China (Inner Mongolia), Russia, and a few other central Asian countries.

The differentiation between tribes and peoples (nationalities) is handled differently depending on the country. The Tumed, Chahar, Ordos, Bargut (or Barga), Buryats, Dörböds, Torguud, Dariganga, Üzemchin (or Üzümchin), Bayid, Khoton, Mingad, Zakchin, Darkhad, and Oirats (or Öölds or Ölöts) are all counted as tribes of the Mongols.

Other geographically dispersed Mongol peoples include the Moghol, Hazara, and Aimak in Afghanistan and Pakistan.

Mongolia

The population of Mongolia consists of 85% Mongols, numbering approximately 2.7 million. Among those, the Khalkha, Uriankhai and Buryats are counted as eastern Mongols. The Oirats, living mainly in the Altay region, belong to the western Mongols.

China

Main article: Ethnic Mongols in China
The Chinese census of 2000 counted 5.8 million Mongols (according to the narrow definition above). Most of them live in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, followed by Liaoning province. Small numbers can also be found in provinces near those two.

Other peoples speaking Mongolic languages are the Daur, Monguor, Dongxiang, Bonan, and parts of the Yugur. Those do not officially count as part of the Mongol nationality, but are recognized as nationalities of their own.

Russia

In Russia, the Buryats belong to the eastern Mongols. The western Mongols include the Oirats in the Russian Altay and the Kalmyks at the northern side of the Caspian Sea. Together they amount to roughly half a million people.

See also

References

External links

Anthem
March of the Volunteers (义勇军进行曲)
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Anthem
"Монгол улсын төрийн дуулал"
National anthem of Mongolia
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Anthem
Hymn of the Russian Federation


Capital
(and largest city) Moscow

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Mongolic languages are a group of thirteen languages spoken in Central Asia. Some linguists propose the grouping of Mongolic with Turkic (of which Turkish is a member) and Tungusic as Altaic languages, but this hypothesis is not universally agreed upon.
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Tibetan Buddhism is the body of religious Buddhist doctrine and institutions characteristic of Tibet and the Himalayan regions which include northern Nepal, Bhutan, India (Arunachal Pradesh, Ladakh and Sikkim), Mongolia, Russia (Kalmykia, Buryatia and Tuva) and northeastern China
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Shamanism refers to a range of traditional beliefs and practices concerned with communication with the spirit world. There are many variations in shamanism throughout the world, though there are some beliefs that are shared by all forms of shamanism:

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Christianity

Foundations
Jesus Christ
Church Theology
New Covenant Supersessionism
Dispensationalism
Apostles Kingdom Gospel
History of Christianity Timeline
Bible
Old Testament New Testament
Books Canon Apocrypha
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Atheism

Concepts
ReligionNontheism
AntireligionAntitheism
AgnosticismHumanism
Metaphysical naturalism
Weak and strong atheism
Implicit and explicit atheism
History
History of atheism
EnlightenmentFreethought

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The Khalkha, or Halh (Classical Mongolian: qalq-a, Khalkha Mongolian Халх [χɑɬχ]) are a subgroup of the Mongols.
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Daur people (Simplified Chinese: 达斡尔族; Pinyin: Dáwò'ěrzú; the former name "Dahur" is considered derogatory) are an ethnic group.
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Buryats, numbering approximately 436,000, are the largest ethnic minority group in Siberia and are mainly concentrated in their homeland, the Buryat Republic, a federal subject of Russia.
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The Dörbet (Mongolian: Дөрвөд Dörvöd) are one of the four major sub-tribes of the Oirat people.
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Kalmyk (alternatively "Kalmuck," "Kalmuk," or "Kalmyki") is the name given to and later adopted by those Oirats who migrated en masse from Central Asia in the seventeenth century to settle in European Russia [5] .
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Oirat ("Oirads" or "Oyirads") is the common name of several pastoral nomadic tribes of Mongolian origin whose ancestral home is in the Dzungaria and Amdo regions of western China and also western Mongolia.
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The Chahar are a tribe of the Mongols.

The Chahar were originally one of estates of Khubilai located around Jingzhao (now Xian). They moved from Shaanxi to Southeastern Mongolia in the 15th century. The Chahar became a tümen under Dayan Khan and were led by his successors.
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Tuvans or Tuvinians (Tuvan: Тывалар, Tyvalar) are a group of Turkic people who make up about two thirds of the population of Tuva, Russia.
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The Mongolian language (монгол хэл, mongol khel) is the best-known member of the Mongolic language family and the primary language of most of the residents of Mongolia, where
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ethnic group or ethnicity is a population of human beings whose members identify with each other, usually on the basis of a presumed common genealogy or ancestry.[1] Ethnicity is also defined from the recognition by others as a distinct group[2]
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Anthem
"Монгол улсын төрийн дуулал"
National anthem of Mongolia
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This page contains Chinese text.
Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters.
China (Traditional Chinese:
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Anthem
Hymn of the Russian Federation


Capital
(and largest city) Moscow

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Mongolic languages are a group of thirteen languages spoken in Central Asia. Some linguists propose the grouping of Mongolic with Turkic (of which Turkish is a member) and Tungusic as Altaic languages, but this hypothesis is not universally agreed upon.
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Kalmyk (alternatively "Kalmuck," "Kalmuk," or "Kalmyki") is the name given to and later adopted by those Oirats who migrated en masse from Central Asia in the seventeenth century to settle in European Russia [5] .
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The Khitan (or Khitai, Chinese: 契丹; Pinyin: Qìdān) were an ethnic group which dominated much of Manchuria (Northeast China) in the 10th century and has been classified by
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Onon gol (Mongolian: Онон гол) is a river in Mongolia and Russia of length 818 km and watershed 94,010 km². It originates at the Eastern slope of the Khentii Mountains.
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Turkic peoples are a group of peoples residing in northern, central and western Eurasia who speak languages belonging to the Turkic language family. These peoples share, to varying degrees, certain cultural traits and historical backgrounds.
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Tungusic languages (or Manchu-Tungus languages) are spoken in Eastern Siberia and Manchuria. Although it is a very debated subject, many linguists consider them to be part of the Altaic language phylum, which, if it actually exists as a genetic entity, also includes the
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