Information about Molecular Cellular Cognition
Key goals of studies in the field of molecular cellular cognition (MCC) include the derivation of explanations of cognitive processes that integrate molecular, cellular, and behavioral mechanisms, and finding mechanism and treatments for cognitive disorders. Although closely connected with behavioral genetics, MCC emphasizes the integration of molecular and cellular explanations of behavior, instead of focusing on the connections between genes and behavior. MCC is a field of neuroscience.
Unlike cognitive neuroscience, which historically has focused on the connection between human brain systems and behavior, the field of MCC has used model organisms such as mice to study how molecular (ie. receptor, kinase activation), intra-cellular (i.e. dendritic processes), and inter-cellular processes (i.e. synaptic plasticity; network representations such as place fields) modulate cognitive function
Methods employed in MCC include transgenic organisms (i.e. mice), in vitro and in vivo electrophysiology, and behavioral analysis. Modeling is becoming an essential component of the field because of the complexity of the multilevel data generated
Silva, A.J., R. Paylor, J.M. Wehner, and S. Tonegawa, Impaired spatial learning in alpha-calcium-calmodulin kinase II mutant mice. Science, 1992. 257(5067): p. 206-11.
Silva, A.J., C.F. Stevens, S. Tonegawa, and Y. Wang, Deficient hippocampal long-term potentiation in alpha-calcium-calmodulin kinase II mutant mice. Science, 1992. 257(5067): p. 201-6.
Grant, S. G. N., O'Dell, J., Karl, K. A., Stein, P. L., Soriano, P. and Kandel, E. R. (1992). Impaired long-term potentiation, spatial learning, and hippocampal development in fyn mutant mice. Science 258, 1903-1910.
Silva, A.J., Molecular and cellular cognitive studies of the role of synaptic plasticity in memory. J Neurobiol, 2003. 54(1): p. 224-37.
Unlike cognitive neuroscience, which historically has focused on the connection between human brain systems and behavior, the field of MCC has used model organisms such as mice to study how molecular (ie. receptor, kinase activation), intra-cellular (i.e. dendritic processes), and inter-cellular processes (i.e. synaptic plasticity; network representations such as place fields) modulate cognitive function
Methods employed in MCC include transgenic organisms (i.e. mice), in vitro and in vivo electrophysiology, and behavioral analysis. Modeling is becoming an essential component of the field because of the complexity of the multilevel data generated
Scientific roots
The field of MCC has its roots in the pioneering studies of the role of NMDA receptor in long-term potentiation and spatial learning. The studies that crystallized the field used knock out mice to look at the role of the alpha calcium calmodulin kinase II and fyn kinase in hippocampal long-term potentiation and spatial learning.Foundation of the science
Molecular cellular cognition became an organized field with the formation of the Molecular Cellular Cognition Society, an organization with no membership fees and meetings that emphasize the participation of junior scientists. Its first meeting took place in Orlando, Florida on November first, 2002. As of November, 2006 the society had organized 9 meetings in North America, Europe and Asia, and included more than 1200 members.Publications:
Morris RG, Anderson E, Lynch GS, Baudry M. 1986. Selective impairment of learning and blockade of long-term potentiation by an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, AP5. Nature 319:774--76Silva, A.J., R. Paylor, J.M. Wehner, and S. Tonegawa, Impaired spatial learning in alpha-calcium-calmodulin kinase II mutant mice. Science, 1992. 257(5067): p. 206-11.
Silva, A.J., C.F. Stevens, S. Tonegawa, and Y. Wang, Deficient hippocampal long-term potentiation in alpha-calcium-calmodulin kinase II mutant mice. Science, 1992. 257(5067): p. 201-6.
Grant, S. G. N., O'Dell, J., Karl, K. A., Stein, P. L., Soriano, P. and Kandel, E. R. (1992). Impaired long-term potentiation, spatial learning, and hippocampal development in fyn mutant mice. Science 258, 1903-1910.
Silva, A.J., Molecular and cellular cognitive studies of the role of synaptic plasticity in memory. J Neurobiol, 2003. 54(1): p. 224-37.
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See also
Behavioural genetics is the field of biology that studies the role of genetics in animal (including human) behaviour. The field is an overlap of genetics, ethology and psychology. Classically, behavioural geneticists have studied the heritability of behavioural traits.
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Neuroscience is a field that is devoted to the scientific study of the nervous system. Such studies may include the structure, function, evolutionary history, development, genetics, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, and pathology of the nervous system.
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Cognitive neuroscience is an academic field concerned with the scientific study of biological mechanisms underlying cognition, with a specific focus on the neural substrates of mental processes and their behavioral manifestations.
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NMDA receptor (NMDAR) is an ionotropic receptor for glutamate (NMDA (N-methyl d-aspartate) is a name of its selective specific agonist). Activation of NMDA receptors results in the opening of an ion channel that is nonselective to cations.
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long-term potentiation (LTP) is the long-lasting improvement in communication between two neurons that results from stimulating them simultaneously.[1] Since neurons communicate via chemical synapses, and because memories are believed to be stored within these
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In cognitive psychology and neuroscience, spatial memory is the part of memory responsible for recording information about one's environment and its spatial orientation. For example, a person's spatial memory is required in order to navigate around a familiar city, just as a rat's
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A knockout mouse is a genetically engineered mouse that has had one or more of its genes made inoperable through a gene knockout. Knockout is a route to learning about a gene that has been sequenced but has an unknown or incompletely known function.
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Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases or CaM kinases (EC 2.7.11.17 ) are serine/threonine-specific protein kinase are primarily regulated by the Ca2+/calmodulin complex.
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Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases or CaM kinases (EC 2.7.11.17 ) are serine/threonine-specific protein kinase are primarily regulated by the Ca2+/calmodulin complex.
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The hippocampus is a part of the forebrain, located in the medial temporal lobe. It forms a part of the limbic system and plays a part in memory and spatial navigation. Humans and other mammals have two hippocampi, one in each side of the brain.
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long-term potentiation (LTP) is the long-lasting improvement in communication between two neurons that results from stimulating them simultaneously.[1] Since neurons communicate via chemical synapses, and because memories are believed to be stored within these
..... Click the link for more information.
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In cognitive psychology and neuroscience, spatial memory is the part of memory responsible for recording information about one's environment and its spatial orientation. For example, a person's spatial memory is required in order to navigate around a familiar city, just as a rat's
..... Click the link for more information.
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Cell signaling is part of a complex system of communication that governs basic cellular activities and coordinates cell actions. The ability of cells to perceive and correctly respond to their microenvironment is the basis of development, tissue repair, and immunity as well as
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In biology, the term crosstalk refers to the phenomenon that signal components in signal transduction can be shared between different signal pathways and responses to a signal inducing condition (e.g., stress) can activate multiple responses in the cell/the organism.
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Humberto Maturana (born September 14, 1928 in Santiago) is a Chilean biologist whose work extends to philosophy and cognitive science and even to family therapy.
Maturana and his student Francisco Varela were the first to define and to employ the concept of autopoiesis.
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Maturana and his student Francisco Varela were the first to define and to employ the concept of autopoiesis.
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Francisco Javier Varela GarcÃa (Santiago, September 7, 1946 – May 28, 2001, Paris) was a Chilean biologist, philosopher and neuroscientist who, together with his teacher Humberto Maturana, is best known for introducing the concept of autopoiesis to biology.
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Biologists, Humberto Maturana and Francisco Varela contributed their Santiago theory of cognition in which they wrote:
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Living systems are cognitive systems, and living as a process is a process of cognition.
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Neuroscience is a field that is devoted to the scientific study of the nervous system. Such studies may include the structure, function, evolutionary history, development, genetics, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, and pathology of the nervous system.
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Behavioral neurology is a subspecialty of neurology that studies the neurological basis of behavior, memory, and cognition, the impact of neurological damage and disease upon these functions, and the treatment thereof.
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biological psychology or psychobiology[1] is the application of the principles of biology to the study of mental processes and behavior. A psychobiologist, for instance, may compare the imprinting behavior in goslings to the early attachment behavior in human
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Cognitive neuroscience is an academic field concerned with the scientific study of biological mechanisms underlying cognition, with a specific focus on the neural substrates of mental processes and their behavioral manifestations.
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Psychophysiology the branch of psychology that is concerned with the physiological bases of psychological processes. What used to be known as cognitive psychophysiology until the mid 1990's is currently called Cognitive neuroscience.
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Computational neuroscience is an interdisciplinary science that links the diverse fields of neuroscience, cognitive science, electrical engineering, computer science, physics and mathematics. Historically, the term was introduced by Eric L.
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In the physical sciences, neural engineering is an emerging interdisciplinary field of research that uses engineering techniques to investigate the function and manipulate the behavior of the central or peripheral nervous systems.
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Neuroanatomy is the branch of anatomy that studies the anatomical organization of the nervous system. In vertebrate animals, the routes that the myriad nerves take from the brain to the rest of the body (or "periphery"), and the internal structure of the brain in particular, are
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Neurobiology is the study of cells of the nervous system and the organization of these cells into functional circuits that process information and mediate behavior.[1] It is a subdiscipline of both biology and neuroscience.
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Neurochemistry is the branch of neuroscience devoted to the study of neurochemicals. A neurochemical is an organic molecule that participates in neural activity. This term is often used to refer to neurotransmitters and other molecules such as neuro-active drugs that influence
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Neuroendocrinology is the study of the interactions between the nervous system and the endocrine system. The concept arose from the recognition that the secretion of hormones from the pituitary gland was closely controlled by the brain, and especially by the hypothalamus.
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Neuroimaging includes the use of various techniques to either directly or indirectly image the structure, function/pharmacology of the brain. It is a relatively new discipline within medicine and neuroscience.
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Neurolinguistics is the science concerned with the human brain mechanisms underlying the comprehension, production and abstract knowledge of language, be it spoken, signed or written.
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Neurology is a branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the nervous system. Medical professionals (such as Biomedical Doctors and Physicians) specializing in the field of neurology are called neurologists
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