Information about Mini Mental State Examination
The mini-mental state examination (MMSE) or Folstein test is a brief 30-point questionnaire test that is used to assess cognition. It is commonly used in medicine to screen for dementia. In the time span of about 10 minutes, it samples various functions, including arithmetic, memory and orientation. It was introduced by Folstein et al in 1975,[1] and is widely used with small modifications.
Various other tests are also used, such as the Hodkinson[2] abbreviated mental test score (1972, geriatrics) and longer formal tests for deeper analysis of specific deficits.
The MMSE test includes simple questions and problems in a number of areas: the time and place of the test, repeating lists of words, arithmetic, language use and comprehension, and copying a drawing.
The enforcement of the copyright on the MMSE has been compared to stealth patents, where a patent holder waits until an invention gains widespread popularity until commencing enforcement.[4]
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Various other tests are also used, such as the Hodkinson[2] abbreviated mental test score (1972, geriatrics) and longer formal tests for deeper analysis of specific deficits.
The test
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Interlocking pentagons used for the last question
Interpretation
Any score over 24 (out of 30) is effectively normal. The normal value is also corrected for degree of schooling and age.[3] Low to very low scores correlate closely with the presence of dementia, although other mental disorders can also lead to abnormal findings on MMSE testing. The presence of purely physical problems can also interfere with interpretation if not properly noted; for example, a patient may be physically unable to hear or read instructions properly, or may have a motor deficit that affects writing and drawing skills.MMSE copyright
With the significant popularity of the test, the current copyright owner (Psychological Assessment Resources (PAR)) decided, after many years, to start enforcing the copyright and set-up a website to sell official versions of the test.[4][5]The enforcement of the copyright on the MMSE has been compared to stealth patents, where a patent holder waits until an invention gains widespread popularity until commencing enforcement.[4]
References
1. ^ Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR (1975). ""Mini-mental state". A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician". Journal of psychiatric research 12 (3): 189-98. PMID 1202204.
2. ^ Hodkinson HM (1972). "Evaluation of a mental test score for assessment of mental impairment in the elderly". Age and ageing 1 (4): 233-8. PMID 4669880.
3. ^ Crum RM, Anthony JC, Bassett SS, Folstein MF. Population-based norms for the Mini-Mental State Examination by age and educational level. JAMA. 1993 May 12;269(18):2386-91. PMID 8479064.
4. ^ Powsner S, Powsner D (2005). "Cognition, copyright, and the classroom". The American journal of psychiatry 162 (3): 627-8. DOI:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.3.627-a. PMID 15741491. Free Full Text.
5. ^ Mini-Mental State Examination. Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc. URL: http://www.minimental.com/. Accessed on: June 22, 2006.
2. ^ Hodkinson HM (1972). "Evaluation of a mental test score for assessment of mental impairment in the elderly". Age and ageing 1 (4): 233-8. PMID 4669880.
3. ^ Crum RM, Anthony JC, Bassett SS, Folstein MF. Population-based norms for the Mini-Mental State Examination by age and educational level. JAMA. 1993 May 12;269(18):2386-91. PMID 8479064.
4. ^ Powsner S, Powsner D (2005). "Cognition, copyright, and the classroom". The American journal of psychiatry 162 (3): 627-8. DOI:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.3.627-a. PMID 15741491. Free Full Text.
5. ^ Mini-Mental State Examination. Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc. URL: http://www.minimental.com/. Accessed on: June 22, 2006.
See also
External links
- FPnotebook page on interpretation
- MMSE scores by age and education - Tufts University.
- MMSE copyright permission request form - a form that one needs to fill-out to use the MMSE and/or publish results using the MMSE.
Cognition is a diffuse term, used in different ways by different disciplines. In psychology, it refers to an information processing view of an individual's psychological functions.
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Medicine is the science and "" of maintaining and/or restoring human health through the study, diagnosis, and treatment of patients. The term is derived from the Latin ars medicina meaning the art of healing.
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Dimentia
Classification & external resources
ICD-10 F 00. -F 07.
ICD-9 290 - 294
DiseasesDB 29283
MedlinePlus 000739
Dementia (from Latin de- "apart, away" + mens (genitive mentis
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Classification & external resources
ICD-10 F 00. -F 07.
ICD-9 290 - 294
DiseasesDB 29283
MedlinePlus 000739
Dementia (from Latin de- "apart, away" + mens (genitive mentis
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Arithmetic or arithmetics (from the Greek word αριθμός = number) is the oldest and most elementary branch of mathematics, used by almost everyone, for tasks ranging from simple day-to-day counting to advanced science and business
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In psychology, memory is an organism's ability to store, retain, and subsequently retrieve information. Traditional studies of memory began in the realms of philosophy, including techniques of artificially enhancing the memory.
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Orientation is a function of the mind involving awareness of three dimensions: time, place and person. Problems with orientation lead to disorientation, and can be due to various conditions, from delirium to intoxication.
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19th century - 20th century - 21st century
1940s 1950s 1960s - 1970s - 1980s 1990s 2000s
1972 1973 1974 - 1975 - 1976 1977 1978
Year 1975 (MCMLXXV
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1940s 1950s 1960s - 1970s - 1980s 1990s 2000s
1972 1973 1974 - 1975 - 1976 1977 1978
Year 1975 (MCMLXXV
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The abbreviated mental test score (AMTS) was introduced by Hodkinson in 1972 to rapidly assess elderly patients for the possibility of dementia. Its uses in medicine have become somewhat wider, e.g.
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Geriatrics is the branch of medicine that focuses on health promotion and the prevention and treatment of disease and disability in later life. The term itself can be distinguished from gerontology, which is the study of the aging process itself.
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Dimentia
Classification & external resources
ICD-10 F 00. -F 07.
ICD-9 290 - 294
DiseasesDB 29283
MedlinePlus 000739
Dementia (from Latin de- "apart, away" + mens (genitive mentis
..... Click the link for more information.
Classification & external resources
ICD-10 F 00. -F 07.
ICD-9 290 - 294
DiseasesDB 29283
MedlinePlus 000739
Dementia (from Latin de- "apart, away" + mens (genitive mentis
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worldwide view of the subject.
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Please [ improve this article] or discuss the issue on the talk page.
Not to be confused with copywriting.
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patent is a set of exclusive rights granted by a state to a patentee for a fixed period of time in exchange for a disclosure of an invention.
The procedure for granting patents, the requirements placed on the patentee and the extent of the exclusive rights vary widely
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The procedure for granting patents, the requirements placed on the patentee and the extent of the exclusive rights vary widely
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digital object identifier (or DOI) is a permanent identifier given to a document, which is not related to its current location. A typical use of a DOI is to give a scientific paper or article a unique identifying number that can be used by anyone to locate details of the paper, and
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Mental status examination, or MSE, is a medical process where a clinician working in the field of mental health (usually a psychotherapist, social worker, psychiatrist, psychiatric nurse or psychologist) systematically examines a patient's mind.
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Tufts University is a private research university in Medford/Somerville, Massachusetts, suburbs of Boston. The school emphasizes public service in all disciplines[1] and is well-known for internationalism and its study abroad programs.
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