Information about Meyer Fortes
Meyer Fortes (1906-1983) was a South African-born anthropologist, best known for his work among the Tallensi and Ashanti in Ghana.
Originally trained in psychology, Fortes employed the notion of the "person" into his structural-functional analyses of kinship, the family, and ancestor worship setting a standard for studies on African social organization. His famous book, Oedipus and Job in West African Religion (1959), fused his two interests and set a standard for comparative ethnology. He also wrote extensively on issues of the first born, kingship, and divination.
Fortes received his anthropological training from Charles Gabriel Seligman at the London School of Economics. Fortes also trained with Bronisław Malinowski and Raymond Firth. Along with contemporaries A. R. Radcliffe-Brown, Sir Edmund Leach, Audrey Richards, and Lucy Mair, Fortes held strong functionalist views that insisted upon empirical evidence in order to generate analyses of society. His volume with E. E. Evans-Pritchard, African Political Systems (1940) established the principles of segmentation and balanced opposition, which were to become the hallmarks of African political anthropology. Despite his work in Francophone West Africa, Fortes' work on political systems was influential to other British anthropologists, especially Max Gluckman and played a role in shaping what became known as the Manchester School of Social Anthropology, which emphasized the problems of working in colonial Central Africa. Fortes spent much of his career as a Reader at the University of Cambridge.
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Originally trained in psychology, Fortes employed the notion of the "person" into his structural-functional analyses of kinship, the family, and ancestor worship setting a standard for studies on African social organization. His famous book, Oedipus and Job in West African Religion (1959), fused his two interests and set a standard for comparative ethnology. He also wrote extensively on issues of the first born, kingship, and divination.
Fortes received his anthropological training from Charles Gabriel Seligman at the London School of Economics. Fortes also trained with Bronisław Malinowski and Raymond Firth. Along with contemporaries A. R. Radcliffe-Brown, Sir Edmund Leach, Audrey Richards, and Lucy Mair, Fortes held strong functionalist views that insisted upon empirical evidence in order to generate analyses of society. His volume with E. E. Evans-Pritchard, African Political Systems (1940) established the principles of segmentation and balanced opposition, which were to become the hallmarks of African political anthropology. Despite his work in Francophone West Africa, Fortes' work on political systems was influential to other British anthropologists, especially Max Gluckman and played a role in shaping what became known as the Manchester School of Social Anthropology, which emphasized the problems of working in colonial Central Africa. Fortes spent much of his career as a Reader at the University of Cambridge.
Bibliography
- Fortes M. and Evans-Pritchard E. E. (eds.). 1940. African Political Systems. London and New York: International African Institute
External links
- Functionalism
- The Manchester School
- [https://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/453/2/MeyerFortes2.mp4 Lecture and discussion by Meyer Fortes, chaired by Jack Goody, in the Audio Visual Aids centre.] (this file is an hour of AV, it takes a really long time to load; a short extract can be found at http://www.alanmacfarlane.com/ancestors/fortes.html
- Brief Biography
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Anthropology (from Greek: ἄνθρωπος, anthropos, "human being"; and λόγος, logos, "speech" lit. to talk about human beings) is the study of humanity.
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The Tallensi are a tribal people of northern Ghana, numbering a few tens of thousands. They speak Talni, a language or dialect of the Gur branch of the Niger-Congo family, and maintain an agricultural mode of subsistence.
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Ashanti, or Asante, are a major ethnic group in Ghana. The Ashanti speak Twi, an Akan language similar to Fante. For the Ashanti (Asante) Confederacy see Asanteman.
Ashanti
Total population Upwards of 5 million
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Ashanti
Total population Upwards of 5 million
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Psychology (from Greek: Literally "talk about the soul" (from logos)) is both an academic and applied discipline involving the scientific study of mental processes and behavior.
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Structural functionalism also known as a social systems paradigm is a sociological paradigm which addresses what social functions various elements of the social system perform in regard to the entire system.
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Kinship is one of the most basic principles for organizing individuals into social groups, roles, and categories. It was originally thought to reflect biological descent, a view that was challenged by David M.
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Ancestor Worship, also known as Ancestor Veneration or Ancestorism, is a religious practice based on the belief that deceased family members have a continued existence, take an interest in the affairs of the world, and possess the ability to influence the fortune of
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Ethnology (from the Greek ethnos, meaning "people") is the branch of anthropology that compares and analyses the origins, distribution, technology, religion, language, and social structure of the racial or national divisions of humanity.
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First Born is a British television serial produced by the BBC in 1988.
Charles Dance starred as genetic researcher Edward Forester, whose work leads him to create a man-gorilla hybrid, using his own sperm and cells taken from a female gorilla.
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Charles Dance starred as genetic researcher Edward Forester, whose work leads him to create a man-gorilla hybrid, using his own sperm and cells taken from a female gorilla.
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monarch (see sovereignty) is a type of ruler or head of state. Monarchs almost always inherit their titles and are rulers for life; that is, they have no term limit. Historically monarchs have been more or less absolute rulers.
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Divination (Greek μαντεια, from μαντις "seer", anglicized in the suffix -mancy, see also mania
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Charles Gabriel Seligman (1873-1940) was a British ethnologist. Born in London, Seligman studied medicine at St. Thomas' Hospital.
After several years as a physician, Seligman joined an 1898 Cambridge expedition to the Torres Strait.
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After several years as a physician, Seligman joined an 1898 Cambridge expedition to the Torres Strait.
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The London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) is a specialist constituent college of the University of London. Founded in 1895, the LSE features in the top four universities in the United Kingdom according to most published league tables.
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Sir Raymond William Firth, CNZM, FBA, (25 March, 1901 – 22 February, 2002) was an ethnologist from New Zealand. As a result of Firth's ethnographic work, actual behaviour of societies (social organization) is separated from the idealized rules of behaviour within the
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Alfred Reginald Radcliffe-Brown (17 January 1881 - 24 October 1955, London, UK) was a British social anthropologist who developed the theory of Structural Functionalism, a framework that describes basic concepts relating to the social structure of primitive civilizations.
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Sir Edmund Ronald Leach (November 7, 1910 – January 6, 1989) was a British social anthropologist.
He was provost of King's College, Cambridge from 1966-1979, was made a Fellow of the British Academy in 1972 and knighted in 1975.
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He was provost of King's College, Cambridge from 1966-1979, was made a Fellow of the British Academy in 1972 and knighted in 1975.
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Audrey Isabel Richards (8 July 1899, London, England-29 June 1984, near Midhurst, West Sussex, England), was a pioneering British woman social anthropologist who worked mainly in sub-Saharan Africa.
Audrey was the second of four girls born to a well-connected family.
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Audrey was the second of four girls born to a well-connected family.
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functionalism (also called functional analysis) is a sociological paradigm that originally attempted to explain social institutions as collective means to fill individual biological needs.
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Empirical research is any research that bases its findings on direct or indirect observation as its test of reality. Such research may also be conducted according to hypothetico-deductive procedures, such as those developed from the work of R. A. Fisher.
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Sir Edward Evan (E. E.) Evans-Pritchard (September 21, 1902 – September 11, 1973) was a British anthropologist instrumental in the development of social anthropology in that country. He was professor of social anthropology at Oxford from 1946 to 1970.
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Max Gluckman (26 January 1911 – 13 April 1975) was a South African-born British social anthropologist.
He grew up in South Africa, working later under the British Administration in Northern Rhodesia (esp. on the Barotse law, in what is now the Western Province, Zambia).
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He grew up in South Africa, working later under the British Administration in Northern Rhodesia (esp. on the Barotse law, in what is now the Western Province, Zambia).
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Manchester school may refer to:
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- Manchester capitalism, a socio-economic and political movement of the 19th century
- The Manchester School (journal), an academic journal of economics
- Manchester school (anthropology), a school of thought in anthropology
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University of Cambridge (often Cambridge University), located in Cambridge, England, is the second-oldest university in the English-speaking world and has a reputation as one of the world's most prestigious universities.
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