Information about Median Nerve
| Nerve: Median nerve | ||
|---|---|---|
| Diagram from Gray's anatomy, depicting the peripheral nerves of the upper extremity, amongst others the median nerve | ||
| Latin | nervus medianus | |
| subject #210 938 | ||
| Innervates | Anterior compartment of the forearm (with two exceptions), Thenar eminence, Lumbricals | |
| From | Lateral cord, Medial cord | |
| MeSH | Median+Nerve | |
| Dorlands/Elsevier | n_05/12566162 | |
The median nerve is formed from parts of the medial and lateral cords of the brachial plexus, and continues down the arm to enter the forearm with the brachial artery.
The median nerve is the only nerve that passes through the carpal tunnel, where it may be compressed to cause carpal tunnel syndrome.
Course
Course in the Upper Arm
After receiving inputs from both the lateral and medial cords of the brachial plexus, the median nerve courses with brachial artery on medial side of arm between biceps brachii and brachialis. At first lateral to the artery, it then crosses anteriorly to run medial to the artery in the distal arm and into the cubital fossa.The median nerve gives off no branches in the upper arm.
Course and Branches in the forearm
The median nerves arises from the cubital fossa and passes between the two heads of pronator teres. It then travels between flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus before emerging between flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor carpi radialis.The unbranched portion of the median nerve (which arises from the cubital fossa) innervates muscles of superficial and intermediate groups of the anterior compartment except flexor carpi ulnaris
The median nerve does give off two branches as it courses through the forearm:
- The anterior interosseous branch courses with the anterior interosseous artery and innervates all the muscles of the deep group of the anterior compartment of the forearm except the medial (ulnar) half of flexor digitorum profundus. Its ends with its innervation of pronator quadratus.
- The palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve arises at distal part of the forearm. It supplies sensory innervation to the lateral aspect of the palmar skin (but not the digits).
Branches in the hand
The median nerve enters the hand through the carpal tunnel, deep to the flexor retinaculum along with the tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, and flexor pollicis longus.From there it sends off several branches:
- 1. Recurrent branch to muscles of the thenar compartment
- 2. Digital cutaneous branches to common palmar digital branch and proper palmar digital branch of the median nerve which supply the:
- a) lateral (radial) three and a half digits on the palmar side
- b) index, middle and ring finger on dorsum of the hand
Innervation'''
Upper Arm
No motor innervation.Forearm
It innervates most of the flexors in the forearm except flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial two digits of flexor digitorum profundus, which are supplied by the ulnar nerve.Unbranched, the median nerves supplies the following muscles.
Superior Group: Intermediate Group: The anterior interosseus branch supplies the following muscles...
Deep group:
- lateral (radial) half of Flexor digitorum profundus
- Flexor pollicis longus
- Pronator quadratus
Hand
In the hand, the median nerve supplies motor innervation to the 1st and 2nd lumbricals and the muscles of the thenar eminence of the hand by a recurrent thenar branch. The rest of the intrinsic muscles of the hand are supplied by the ulnar nerve.The median nerve innervates the skin of the palmar side of the thumb, the index and middle finger, half the ring finger, and the nail bed of these fingers. The lateral part of the palm is supplied by the palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve which leaves the nerve proximal to the wrist creases. This palmar cutaneous branch travels in a separate fascial groove adjacent to the flexor carpi radialis.
Injury
Injury of median nerve at different levels cause different syndromes. Injury of this nerve at a level above elbow joint results in loss of pronation and a decrease in flexion of the hand at the wrist joint. In the hand, thenar muscles are paralysed and atrophy in time. Opposition and flexion movements of thumb are lost, and thumb and index finger are arrested in adduction and hyperextension position. This appearance of the hand is collectively referred as ape hand deformity. In addition, in palmar side of the hand sensation of lateral part of hand, first three fingers and lateral half of the fourth finger and in dorsal side sensation of distal ⅓ portions of first three fingers and lateral half of distal ⅓ portion of fourth finger is lost.Additional images
) Nervous system | Cross-section through the middle of upper arm. | Cross-section through the middle of the forearm. | ) Transverse section across distal ends of radius and ulna. |
Transverse section across the wrist and digits. | The brachial artery. | Ulnar and radial arteries. Deep view. | The right brachial plexus (infraclavicular portion) in the axillary fossa; viewed from below and in front. |
) Cutaneous nerves of right upper extremity. Anterior view. | ) Diagram of segmental distribution of the cutaneous nerves of the right upper extremity. Anterior view. | Diagram of segmental distribution of the cutaneous nerves of the right upper extremity. Posterior view. | Superficial palmar nerves. |
) Deep palmar nerves. | ) Front of right upper extremity, showing surface markings for bones, arteries, and nerves. | ) Brachial plexus |
External links
- Duke Orthopedics median_nerve
- MeSH Median+Nerve
- Hand kinesiology at UK nerves/median.htm
- Atlas of anatomy at UMich hand_plexus - "Axilla, dissection, anterior view"
Nerves of upper limbs (primarily): the brachial plexus | |
|---|---|
| Supraclavicular | dorsal scapular • suprascapular • to the subclavius • long thoracic |
| Infraclavicular: lateral cord | musculocutaneous (lateral cutaneous of forearm) • lateral pectoral • lateral head of median (anterior interosseous, palmar, common palmar digital, proper palmar digital) |
| Infraclavicular: medial cord | medial pectoral • medial cutaneous of forearm • medial cutaneous of arm • ulnar (muscular branches, dorsal branch, palmar branch, superficial branch, deep branch) • medial head of median |
| Infraclavicular: posterior cord | subscapular (upper, lower) • thoracodorsal • axillary (superior lateral cutaneous of arm) • radial (muscular, inferior lateral cutaneous of arm, posterior cutaneous of arm, posterior cutaneous of forearm, superficial branch, deep branch, posterior interosseous) |
| Other | cutaneous innervation of the upper limbs |
Henry Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body (or Gray's Anatomy as it has commonly been shortened) is an English-language human anatomy textbook widely regarded as a classic work on the subject.
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In human anatomy, the upper limb (also upper extremity) refers to what in common English is known as the arm, that is, the region of the shoulder to the fingertips. It includes the entire limb, and thus, is not synonymous with the term upper arm.
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Latin}}}
Official status
Official language of: Vatican City
Used for official purposes, but not spoken in everyday speech
Regulated by: Opus Fundatum Latinitas
Roman Catholic Church
Language codes
ISO 639-1: la
ISO 639-2: lat
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Official status
Official language of: Vatican City
Used for official purposes, but not spoken in everyday speech
Regulated by: Opus Fundatum Latinitas
Roman Catholic Church
Language codes
ISO 639-1: la
ISO 639-2: lat
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The anterior compartment of the forearm contains the following muscles:
Level Muscle E/I Nerve
superficial flexor carpi radialis E median
superficial palmaris longus E median
superficial flexor carpi ulnaris E ulnar
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Level Muscle E/I Nerve
superficial flexor carpi radialis E median
superficial palmaris longus E median
superficial flexor carpi ulnaris E ulnar
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The thenar eminence is the body of muscle on the palm of the human hand just beneath the thumb.
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Muscles
The muscles in this location are usually innervated by the recurrent branch of the median nerve, except for the adductor pollicis, which is supplied by the deep branch..... Click the link for more information.
Lumbrical can refer to:
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- Lumbrical muscle (hand)
- Lumbrical muscle (foot)
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The Lateral cord is a division of the brachial plexus.
The lateral cord gives rise to the following nerves:
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The lateral cord gives rise to the following nerves:
- The lateral pectoral nerve, C5, C6 and C7 to the pectoralis major muscle
- The musculocutaneous nerve which innervates the biceps muscle
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The Medial cord is a division of the brachial plexus.
The medial cord gives rise to the following nerves:
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The medial cord gives rise to the following nerves:
- The median pectoral nerve, C8 and T1, to the pectoralis muscle
- The medial brachial cutaneous nerve, T1
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Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a huge controlled vocabulary (or metadata system) for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences. Created and updated by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), it is used by the MEDLINE/PubMed
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Elsevier, the world's largest publisher of medical and scientific literature, forms part of the Reed Elsevier group. Based in Amsterdam, the company has substantial operations in the UK, USA and elsewhere.
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A nerve is an enclosed, cable-like bundle of axons (the long, slender projection of a neuron). Neurons are sometimes called nerve cells, though this term is technically imprecise since many neurons do not form nerves, and nerves also include the glial cells that
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An arm is an upper limb of the body.
Arm (or arms) may also refer to:
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Arm (or arms) may also refer to:
- Armaments, weapons; as in Small arms, Right to bear arms
- Eta Capricorni, a star, traditional name "Arm"
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For the firearm component, see .
The forearm is the structure on the upper limb, between the elbow and the wrist.[1]. This term is used in anatomy to distinguish it from the arm (or upper arm)...... Click the link for more information.
The brachial plexus is an arrangement of nerve fibres, running from the spine, specifically from above the fifth cervical vertebra to underneath the first thoracic vertebra (C5-T1). It proceeds through the neck, the axilla (armpit region) and into the arm.
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The brachial plexus is an arrangement of nerve fibres, running from the spine, specifically from above the fifth cervical vertebra to underneath the first thoracic vertebra (C5-T1). It proceeds through the neck, the axilla (armpit region) and into the arm.
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The brachial artery is the major blood vessel of the upper arm.
It is a continuation of the axillary artery and it originates from the lower margin of teres major muscle and continues down the arm, until it reaches the cubital fossa at the elbow.
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It is a continuation of the axillary artery and it originates from the lower margin of teres major muscle and continues down the arm, until it reaches the cubital fossa at the elbow.
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carpal tunnel is the space between this sheath (above) and the bones (below) making up the wrist and hand (carpal bones).
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Contents
- Median nerve
- Tendons of the following muscles (not the muscles themselves):
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Carpal tunnel syndrome
Classification & external resources
Transverse section across the wrist and digits. (The median nerve is the yellow dot near the center. The carpal tunnel is not labeled, but the circular structure surrounding the median nerve is visible.
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Classification & external resources
Transverse section across the wrist and digits. (The median nerve is the yellow dot near the center. The carpal tunnel is not labeled, but the circular structure surrounding the median nerve is visible.
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- For other uses, see biceps.
In human anatomy, the biceps brachii is a muscle located on the upper arm. The biceps has several functions, the most important simply being to flex the elbow and to rotate the forearm.
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The brachialis (brachialis anticus) is a muscle in the upper arm that flexes the elbow joint. It lies just deep to biceps brachii, and is a more powerful flexor of the elbow. It makes up part of the floor of the region known as the cubital fossa.
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The pronator teres is a muscle of the human body (located mainly in the forearm) that, along with the pronator quadratus, serves to pronate the forearm (turning it so the palm faces downward).
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Structure
The pronator teres has two heads--humeral and ulnar...... Click the link for more information.
Flexor digitorum superficialis (flexor digitorum sublimis) is an extrinsic flexor muscle of the fingers at the proximal interphalangeal joints. The bulk of the muscle is in the intermediate layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm.
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In human anatomy, the flexor digitorum profundus is a muscle in the forearm that flexes the fingers. It is considered to be an extrinsic muscle because its action is at a different location than the main body of the muscle.
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Flexor digitorum superficialis (flexor digitorum sublimis) is an extrinsic flexor muscle of the fingers at the proximal interphalangeal joints. The bulk of the muscle is in the intermediate layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm.
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In anatomy, flexor carpi radialis is a muscle of the human forearm that acts to flex and abduct the hand.
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Origin and insertion
This muscle starts at the medial epicondyle of the humerus (as does flexor carpi ulnaris muscle) and attaches to the anterior side of the base of..... Click the link for more information.
The anterior interosseous nerve (volar interosseous nerve) is a branch of the median nerve that supplies the deep muscles on the front of the forearm, except the ulnar half of the flexor digitorum profundus.
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The anterior interosseous artery (volar interosseous artery) is an artery of the arm.
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Course
It passes down the forearm on the volar surface of the interosseous membrane...... Click the link for more information.
The anterior compartment of the forearm contains the following muscles:
Level Muscle E/I Nerve
superficial flexor carpi radialis E median
superficial palmaris longus E median
superficial flexor carpi ulnaris E ulnar
..... Click the link for more information.
Level Muscle E/I Nerve
superficial flexor carpi radialis E median
superficial palmaris longus E median
superficial flexor carpi ulnaris E ulnar
..... Click the link for more information.
Pronator quadratus is a square shaped muscle on the distal forearm that acts to pronate (turn so the palm faces downwards) the hand.
As it is on the anterior side of the arm, it is innervated by a branch of the median nerve, the interosseous nerve.
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As it is on the anterior side of the arm, it is innervated by a branch of the median nerve, the interosseous nerve.
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The palmar branch of the median nerve arises at the lower part of the forearm.
It pierces the volar carpal ligament, and divides into a lateral and a medial branch;
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It pierces the volar carpal ligament, and divides into a lateral and a medial branch;
- The lateral branch
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