Information about Magnetic Ink Character Recognition
Magnetic Ink Character Recognition, or MICR, colloquially pronounced /ˈmɪkɚ/ or sometimes /ˈmaɪkɚ/, a character recognition technology adopted mainly by the banking industry to facilitate the processing of cheques. The process was demonstrated to the American Bankers Association in July 1956, and it was almost universally employed in the U.S. by 1963[1].
The major MICR fonts used around the world are E-13B and CMC-7. Almost all US, Canadian, and UK cheques now include MICR characters at the bottom of the paper in the E-13B font. Some countries, including France, use the CMC-7 font developed by Bull.
In addition to their unique fonts, MICR characters are printed with a magnetic ink or toner, usually containing iron oxide. Magnetic printing is used so that the characters can be reliably read into a system, even when they have been overprinted with other marks such as cancellation stamps. The characters are read with a device similar in nature to the head of an audio tape recorder, and the letterforms' bulbous shapes ensure that each letter produces a unique waveform for the read head.
The error rate for the magnetic scanning of the numbers at the bottom of a typical check is smaller than with optical character recognition systems.
In the 1960s, the MICR fonts became a symbol of modernity, leading to the creation of lookalike "computer" typefaces that imitated the appearance of the MICR fonts, but, unlike real MICR fonts, had a full character repertoire.
Altogether there are sixteen known iron oxides.[1] These compounds are either oxides (Wüstite, Hematite, β-Fe2O3, Maghemite, γ-Fe2O
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Optical character recognition, usually abbreviated to OCR, is the mechanical or electronic translation of images of handwritten or typewritten text (usually captured by a scanner) into
..... Click the link for more information.
Optical character recognition, usually abbreviated to OCR, is the mechanical or electronic translation of images of handwritten or typewritten text (usually captured by a scanner) into
..... Click the link for more information.
CRAM, or Card Random Access Memory
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The major MICR fonts used around the world are E-13B and CMC-7. Almost all US, Canadian, and UK cheques now include MICR characters at the bottom of the paper in the E-13B font. Some countries, including France, use the CMC-7 font developed by Bull.
)
An example of the E-13B MICR font. Shown are the 14 characters of the E-13B font. The control characters bracketing each numeral block are (from left to right) transit, on-us, amount, and dash.
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An example of the CMC-7 MICR font. Shown are the 15 characters of the CMC-7 font. The control characters after the numerals are (from left to right) internal, terminator, amount, routing, and an unused character.
In addition to their unique fonts, MICR characters are printed with a magnetic ink or toner, usually containing iron oxide. Magnetic printing is used so that the characters can be reliably read into a system, even when they have been overprinted with other marks such as cancellation stamps. The characters are read with a device similar in nature to the head of an audio tape recorder, and the letterforms' bulbous shapes ensure that each letter produces a unique waveform for the read head.
The error rate for the magnetic scanning of the numbers at the bottom of a typical check is smaller than with optical character recognition systems.
In the 1960s, the MICR fonts became a symbol of modernity, leading to the creation of lookalike "computer" typefaces that imitated the appearance of the MICR fonts, but, unlike real MICR fonts, had a full character repertoire.
See also
Notes
1. ^ Mandell, Lewis. "Diffusion of EFTS among National Banks: Note", Journal of Money, Credit and Banking Vol. 9, No. 2. (May, 1977), p. 341.
External links
- What Is MICR?
- GNU General Public Licensed MICR font
- MICR Repository
- Java Glossary (defines the routing number and account number)
- MICR
- MICR Overview
- Finance::MICR::LineParser module for Perl
Magnetic storage media |
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Wire (1898) •
Tape (1928) •
Drum (1932) •
Ferrite core (1949) •
Hard disk (1956) •
Stripe card (1956)
MICR (1956) •
Thin film (1962) •
CRAM (1962)
Twistor (~1968) •
Floppy disk (1969) •
Bubble (~1970) •
MRAM (2003)
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cheque (also spelled check - see Etymology and spelling) is a negotiable instrument[1] instructing a financial institution to pay a specific amount of a specific currency from a specific demand account held in the maker/depositor's name with that institution.
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The American Bankers Association (ABA) is a free-trade and professional association that promotes and advocates issues important to the banking industry in the United States. The ABA's national headquarters are in Washington, D.C.
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Groupe Bull (also known as Bull Computer or simply Bull) is a French computer company based in Les Clayes-sous-Bois, outside Paris. The company has also been known at various times as Bull General Electric, Honeywell Bull, CII Honeywell Bull
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- Ferruginous redirects here. For the bird, see Ferruginous Hawk
Altogether there are sixteen known iron oxides.[1] These compounds are either oxides (Wüstite, Hematite, β-Fe2O3, Maghemite, γ-Fe2O
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tape recorder, tape deck, reel-to-reel tape deck, cassette deck or tape machine is an audio storage device that records and plays back sound using magnetic tape, either wound on a reel or in a cassette, for storage.
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Waveform means the shape and form of a signal such as a wave moving in a solid, liquid or gaseous medium.
In many cases the medium in which the wave is being propagated does not permit a direct visual image of the form.
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In many cases the medium in which the wave is being propagated does not permit a direct visual image of the form.
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Optical character recognition, usually abbreviated to OCR, is the mechanical or electronic translation of images of handwritten or typewritten text (usually captured by a scanner) into
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Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century
1930s 1940s 1950s - 1960s - 1970s 1980s 1990s
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
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Their 1960s decade refers to the years from 1960 to 1969, inclusive.
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1930s 1940s 1950s - 1960s - 1970s 1980s 1990s
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
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Their 1960s decade refers to the years from 1960 to 1969, inclusive.
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Optical character recognition, usually abbreviated to OCR, is the mechanical or electronic translation of images of handwritten or typewritten text (usually captured by a scanner) into
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Wire recording is a type of analogue audio storage in which the recording is made onto thin steel or stainless steel wire.
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History
The first wire recorder was the Valdemar Poulsen Telegraphone of the late 1890s, and wire recorders for law/office dictation and telephone..... Click the link for more information.
Magnetic tape is a medium for magnetic recording generally consisting of a thin magnetizable coating on a long and narrow strip of plastic. Nearly all recording tape is of this type, whether used for recording audio or video or for computer data storage.
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Drum memory was an early form of computer memory that was widely used in the 1950s and into the 1960s, invented by Gustav Tauschek in 1932 in Austria. For many machines, a drum
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Magnetic core memory, or ferrite-core memory, is an early form of computer memory. It uses small magnetic ceramic rings, the cores, to store information via the polarity of the magnetic field they contain.
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Hard disk drive
An IBM hard disk drive with the metal cover removed. The platters are highly reflective.
Date Invented: September 13 1956
Invented By: An IBM team led by Reynold Johnson
Connects to:
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An IBM hard disk drive with the metal cover removed. The platters are highly reflective.
Date Invented: September 13 1956
Invented By: An IBM team led by Reynold Johnson
Connects to:
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A magnetic stripe card is a type of card capable of storing data by modifying the magnetism of tiny iron-based magnetic particles on a band of magnetic material on the card.
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Thin film memory is a high-speed variation of core memory developed by Sperry Rand in a government-funded research project.
Instead of threading individual ferrite cores on wires, a thin film (4 millionths of an inch thick) of iron-nickel alloy (called permalloy) was
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Instead of threading individual ferrite cores on wires, a thin film (4 millionths of an inch thick) of iron-nickel alloy (called permalloy) was
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CRAM is an acronym for Challenge-Response Authentication Mechanism
CRAM can mean chalcogenide random access memory (C-RAM)
CRAM, or Card Random Access Memory
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Twistor is a form of computer memory, similar to core memory, formed by wrapping magnetic tape around a current-carrying wire. Although the developers, Bell Labs, had high hopes for Twistor, it was used for only a brief time in the marketplace between about 1968 and the mid-1970s.
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Floppy Disk Drive
8 inch, 5 ¼ inch, and 3.5 inch drives
Date Invented: 1969 (8 inch), 1976 (5 ¼ inch), 1983 (3.5 inch)
Invented By: IBM team led by David Noble
Connects to:
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8 inch, 5 ¼ inch, and 3.5 inch drives
Date Invented: 1969 (8 inch), 1976 (5 ¼ inch), 1983 (3.5 inch)
Invented By: IBM team led by David Noble
Connects to:
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Bubble memory is a type of non-volatile computer memory that uses a thin film of a magnetic material to hold small magnetized areas, known as bubbles, which each store one bit of data.
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It may contain preliminary or speculative information, and may not reflect the final specification of the product.
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It may contain preliminary or speculative information, and may not reflect the final specification of the product.
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