Information about Long Bones
The long bones are those that are longer than they are wide, and grow primarily by elongation of the diaphysis, with an epiphysis at the ends of the growing bone. The ends of epiphyses are covered with a hyaline cartilage ("articular cartilage"). The longitudinal growth of long bones is a result of endochondral ossification at the epiphyseal plate. Bone growth in length is stimulated by the production of growth hormone(GH), a secretion of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
The long bones include the femurs, tibias, and fibulas of the legs, the humeri, radii, and ulnas of the arms, and the phalanges of the fingers and toes. The long bones of the human leg comprise nearly half of adult height. The other primary skeletal component of height is the spine and skull.
The outside of the bone consists of a layer of connective tissue called the periosteum. Additionally, the outer shell of the long bone is compact bone, then a deeper layer of cancellous bone (spongey bone) which contains red bone marrow. The interior part of the long bone is the medullary cavity with the inner core of the bone cavity being composed of (in adults) of yellow marrow. They are found more in women.
There are five general classifications of bones: (1) Long bones, (2) Short bones, (3) Flat bones, (4) Irregular bones, and (5) Sesamoid bones.
The fibula or calf bone is a bone located on the lateral side of the tibia, with which it is connected above and below.
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The long bones include the femurs, tibias, and fibulas of the legs, the humeri, radii, and ulnas of the arms, and the phalanges of the fingers and toes. The long bones of the human leg comprise nearly half of adult height. The other primary skeletal component of height is the spine and skull.
The outside of the bone consists of a layer of connective tissue called the periosteum. Additionally, the outer shell of the long bone is compact bone, then a deeper layer of cancellous bone (spongey bone) which contains red bone marrow. The interior part of the long bone is the medullary cavity with the inner core of the bone cavity being composed of (in adults) of yellow marrow. They are found more in women.
There are five general classifications of bones: (1) Long bones, (2) Short bones, (3) Flat bones, (4) Irregular bones, and (5) Sesamoid bones.
Reference
Bone and cartilage | |
|---|---|
| Cartilage | chondroblast, chondrocyte, perichondrium, types (hyaline, elastic, fibrous), fibrocartilage callus, metaphysis |
| Bone | ossification (intramembranous, endochondral, epiphyseal plate), cycle (osteoblast, osteoid, osteocyte, osteoclast), types (cancellous, cortical), regions (epiphysis, diaphysis), structure (osteon/Haversian system, Haversian canals, endosteum, periosteum, Sharpey's fibres, enthesis, lacunae, canaliculi, trabeculae, medullary cavity, bone marrow), shapes (long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid) |
The diaphysis is the main or mid section (shaft) of a long bone. It is usually filled with Yellow Cartilage, which is made mostly of adipose (fat). This provides some protection to shaft when presure is applied.
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Epiphysis is the name for a rounded end of a long bone. The epiphysis is filled with red marrow, which produces erythrocytes, or red blood cells. Located in the epiphysis is the epiphysial plate, also known as the growth plate.
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Bones are rigid organs that form part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates. They function to move, support, and protect the various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells and store minerals.
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Hyaline cartilage consists of a slimy mass of a firm consistency, but of considerable elasticity and pearly bluish color. It contains no nerves or blood vessels, and its structure is relatively simple.
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Endochondral ossification is one of two types of bone formation (ossification) and is the process responsible for much of the bone growth in vertebrate skeletons, especially in long bones.
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The epiphyseal plate (or epiphysial plate, or growth plate) is the cartilage plate in the long bones of children and adolescents. The longitudinal growth of these bones occurs primarily at these plates.
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Growth hormone (GH) or somatotropin (STH) is a protein hormone which stimulates growth and cell reproduction in humans and other animals. It is a 191-amino acid, single chain polypeptide hormone which is synthesized, stored, and secreted by the somatotroph
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The cerebellum (Latin: "little brain") is a region of the brain that plays an important role in the integration of sensory perception and motor output. Many neural pathways link the cerebellum with the motor cortex—which sends information to the muscles causing them
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The pituitary gland, or hypophysis, is an endocrine gland about the size of a pea that sits in a small, bony cavity (sella turcica) covered by a dural fold (sellar diaphragm) at the base of the brain.
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The femur or thigh bone is the longest, most voluminous, and strongest bone of mammalian bodies. It forms part of the hip and part of the knee.
The word femur is Latin for thigh.
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The word femur is Latin for thigh.
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tibia is the larger of the two bones in the leg below the knee in vertebrates.
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In humans
The tibia or shin bone, in human anatomy, is found medial (towards the middle) and anterior (towards the front) to the other such bone, the fibula...... Click the link for more information.
- For other uses see fibula (disambiguation)
The fibula or calf bone is a bone located on the lateral side of the tibia, with which it is connected above and below.
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The humerus is a long bone in the arm or fore-legs (animals) that runs from the shoulder to the elbow. On a skeleton, it fits between the scapula and the ulna. It consists of the following three sections:
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- Upper extremity of humerus
- Body of humerus
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The radius is the bone of the forearm that extends from the outside of the limb to the phlangx (lateral) of the elbow to the thumb side of the wrist. The radius is situated on the lateral side of the ulna, which exceeds it in length and size.
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The ulna (elbow bone) is a long bone, prismatic in form, placed at the medial side of the forearm, parallel with the radius.
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Articulations
The ulna articulates with:- the humerus, at the right side elbow as a hinge joint.
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Phalanges is commonly given to the bones that form fingers and toes. In primates such as humans and monkeys, the thumb and big toe have two phalanges, while the other fingers and toes consist of three. Phalanges are classified as long bones.
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The Vertebral Column (singular: vertebra) are the individual irregular bones that make up the spinal column (aka ischis) — a flexuous and flexible column.
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skull is a bony structure found in many animals which serves as the general framework for the head. The skull supports the structures of the face and protects the head against injury.
The skull can be subdivided into two parts: the cranium and the mandible.
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The skull can be subdivided into two parts: the cranium and the mandible.
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The periosteum is a thin layer of dense, irregular connective tissue membrane that covers the outer surface of a bone in all places except at joints. (The outer surface of bone at joints is covered with "articular cartilage", a type of hyaline cartilage.
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Cortical bone, also known as compact bone is one of two main types of osseous tissues. Cortical bone is dense and forms the surface of bones, contributing 80% of the weight of a human skeleton. It is extremely hard, formed of multiple stacked layers with few gaps.
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Cancellous bone (also known as trabecular, or spongy) is a type of osseous tissue with a low density and strength but very high surface area, that fills the inner cavity of long bones.
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Bone marrow (or medulla ossea) is the soft tissue found in the hollow interior of bones. In adults, marrow in large bones produces new blood cells.
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Marrow types
There are two types of bone marrow: red marrow (also known as myeloid tissue) and..... Click the link for more information.
The medullary cavity is the central cavity of bone shafts where yellow marrow (adipose tissue) is stored. Located in the main shaft of the bone (diaphysis), the medullary cavity has walls composed of compact bone and is lined with a thin, vascular membrane (endosteum).
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short bones, as in the carpus and tarsus. Short bones are defined as being approximately as wide as they are tall.
These consist of cancellous tissue covered by a thin crust of compact substance.
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These consist of cancellous tissue covered by a thin crust of compact substance.
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Flat Bones.—Where the principal requirement is either extensive protection or the provision of broad surfaces for muscular attachment, the bones are expanded into broad, flat plates, as in the skull, the pelvis, sternum, rib cage, and the scapula.
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The irregular bones are such as, from their peculiar form, cannot be grouped as long bone, short bone, flat bone or sesamoid bone. Irregular bones serve some unique purpose in the body of combining: (1) protection of nervous tissue (such as the vertebrae protect the spinal cord),
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In anatomy, a sesamoid bone is a bone embedded within a tendon.
Sesamoid bones are typically found in locations where a tendon passes over a joint, such as the hand, knee, and foot. Functionally, they act to protect the tendon and to increase its mechanical effect.
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Sesamoid bones are typically found in locations where a tendon passes over a joint, such as the hand, knee, and foot. Functionally, they act to protect the tendon and to increase its mechanical effect.
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Bones are rigid organs that form part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates. They function to move, support, and protect the various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells and store minerals.
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Cartilage is a type of dense connective tissue. It is composed of collagen fibers and/or elastin fibers, and can supply smooth surfaces for the movement of articulating bones.
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Cartilage is a type of dense connective tissue. It is composed of collagen fibers and/or elastin fibers, and can supply smooth surfaces for the movement of articulating bones.
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