Information about List Of Cetaceans
| Cetaceans Fossil range: Early Eocene - Recent | ||||||||||
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) Bottlenose Dolphin breaching Bottlenose Dolphin breaching | ||||||||||
| Scientific classification | ||||||||||
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Cetaceans are aquatic mammals characterised by having a fusiform (streamlined) body shape, paddle-shaped front limbs and vestigial hind limbs. The tail has been flattened into a fluke to aid propulsion. </onlyinclude>
Suborder Mysticeti: baleen whales
Family Balaenidae: Right Whales
</onlyinclude>- See also: Balaenidae
| Genus Balaena Linnaeus, 1758 - 1 species | ||||||
| Common name | Scientific name | Status | Population | Distribution | Size | Picture |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bowhead Whale | Balaena mysticetus Linnaeus, 1758 | Conservation Dependent (LR/cd) | 8,000-9,200 | ) 60 tonnes | ) | |
| Genus Eubalaena Gray, 1864 - 3 species | ||||||
| Common name | Scientific name | Status | Population | Distribution | Size | Picture |
| Atlantic Northern Right Whale | Eubalaena glacialis Müller, 1776 | Endangered (EN) | 300 | ) | ) 40-80 tonnes | ) |
| Pacific Northern Right Whale | Eubalaena japonica Lacépède, 1818 | Endangered (EN) | 200 | ) | 60-80 tonnes | ) |
| Southern Right Whale | Eubalaena australis Desmoulins, 1822 | Endangered (EN) | 7,000 | 40-80 tonnes | ) |
Family Balaenopteridae: Rorquals
- See also: Balaenopteridae
Rorquals take their name from a Norwegian word meaning "furrow whale": all members of the family have a series of longitudinal folds of skin running from below the mouth back to the navel (except the Sei Whale, which has shorter grooves). These are understood to allow the mouth to expand immensely when feeding.
All rorquals have ventral grooves, and are the only cetaceans to have them. Additionally, they all have a dorsal fin, a broad, gently curving rostrum and short baleen plates.[1]
| Subfamily Balaenopterinae - 1 genus, 8 species | ||||||
| Genus Balaenoptera - 8 species | ||||||
| Common name | Scientific name | Status | Population | Distribution | Size | Picture |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fin Whale | Balaenoptera physalus Linnaeus, 1758 | Endangered (EN) | 64,000 | ) | ){kind=small} 45-75 tonnes | ) |
| Sei Whale | Balaenoptera borealis Lesson, 1828 | Endangered (EN) | 57,000 | ) | ){kind=small} 20-25 tonnes | ) |
| Bryde's Whale | Balaenoptera brydei Olsen, 1913 | Unknown | Unknown | ) | ) 16-18.5 tonnes | ) |
| Pygmy Bryde's Whale | Balaenoptera edeni Anderson, 1879 | Unknown | Unknown | 12 tonnes | ||
| Blue Whale | Balaenoptera musculus Linnaeus, 1758 | Endangered (EN) | 5,000-12,000 | ) | ){kind=small} 100-120 tonnes | |
| Northern Minke Whale | Balaenoptera acutorostrata Lacépède, 1804 | Near Threatened (LR/nt) | Unknown | ) 9 tonnes | ) | |
| Southern Minke Whale | Balaenoptera bonaerensis Burmeister, 1867 | Conservation Dependent (LR/cd) | Unknown | 9 tonnes | ||
| No common name in usage | Balaenoptera omurai Wada et al., 2003 | Unknown | Unknown | |||
| Subfamily Megapterinae - 1 genus, 1 species | ||||||
| Genus Megaptera Gray, 1846 - 1 species | ||||||
| Common name | Scientific name | Status | Population | Distribution | Size | Picture |
| Humpback Whale | Megaptera novaeangliae Borowski, 1781 | Vulnerable (VU) | 5,000-7,500 | ) 25-30 tonnes | ) |
Family Eschrichtiidae: Gray Whale
- See also: Eschrichtiidae
| Genus Eschrichtius - 1 species | ||||||
| Common name | Scientific name | Status | Population | Distribution | Size | Picture |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gray Whale | Eschrichtius robustus Lilljeborg, 1861 | Conservation Dependent (LR/cd) | 26,000 | ) | ) 14-35 tonnes | ) |
Family Neobalaenidae: Pygmy Right Whale
- See also: Neobalaenidae
| Genus Caperea Gray, 1864 - 1 species | ||||||
| Common name | Scientific name | Status | Population | Distribution | Size | Picture |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pygmy Right Whale | Caperea marginata Gray, 1846 | Least Concern (LR/lc) | Unknown | ) 3-3.5 tonnes |
Suborder Odontoceti: toothed whales
Family Delphinidae: oceanic dolphins
- See also: Delphinidae
The Delphinidae are characterised by having a distinct beak (unlike the Porpoises), two or more fused cervical vertebrae and 20 or more pairs of teeth in the upper jaw. None are more than 4 metres long.[1]
| Genus Cephalorhynchus Gray, 1846 - 4 species | ||||||
| Common name | Scientific name | Status | Population | Distribution | Size | Picture |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commerson's Dolphin | Cephalorhynchus commersonii Lacépède, 1804 | Data deficient | 3,400 | ) | ) 35-60 kilograms | ) |
| Chilean Dolphin | Cephalorhynchus eutropia Gray, 1846 | Data deficient | Unknown | ) | ) 60 kilograms | |
| Heaviside's Dolphin | Cephalorhynchus heavisidii Gray, 1828 | Data deficient | Unknown | ) | ) 40-75 kilograms | |
| Hector's Dolphin | Cephalorhynchus hectori Van Beneden, 1881 | Endangered (EN) | 2,000-2,500 | ) | ) 35-60 kilograms | ) |
| Genus Steno - 1 species | ||||||
| Common name | Scientific name | Status | Population | Distribution | Size | Picture |
| Rough-toothed Dolphin | Steno bredanensis Lesson, 1828 | Data deficient | 150,000 | ) | ) 100-135 kilograms | ) |
| Genus Sousa - 3 species | ||||||
| Common name | Scientific name | Status | Population | Distribution | Size | Picture |
| Atlantic Humpback Dolphin | Sousa teuszi Kükenthal, 1892 | Data deficient | Unknown | ) | ) 100-150 kilograms | |
| Indian Humpback Dolphin | Sousa plumbea Cuvier, 1829 | Data deficient | Unknown | ) | 150-200 kilograms | |
| Pacific Humpback Dolphin | Sousa chinensis Osbeck, 1765 | Data deficient | Unknown | ) | 250-280 kilograms | |
| Genus Sotalia - 1 species | ||||||
| Common name | Scientific name | Status | Population | Distribution | Size | Picture |
| Tucuxi | Sotalia fluviatilis Gervais & Deville, 1853 | Data deficient | Unknown | ) | ) 35-45 kilograms | |
| Genus Tursiops - 2 species | ||||||
| Common name | Scientific name | Status | Population | Distribution | Size | Picture |
| Bottlenose Dolphin | Tursiops truncatus Montagu, 1821 | Data deficient | Unknown | ) | ) 150-650 kilograms | |
| Indian Ocean Bottlenose Dolphin | Tursiops aduncus Ehrenberg, 1833 | Data deficient | Unknown | | 150-650 kilograms | |
| Genus Stenella Gray, 1866 - 5 species | ||||||
| Common name | Scientific name | Status | Population | Distribution | Size | Picture |
| Pantropical Spotted Dolphin | Stenella attenuata Gray, 1846 | Conservation Dependent (LR/cd) | 3,000,000 | ) | ) 100 kilograms | ) |
| Atlantic Spotted Dolphin | Stenella frontalis Cuvier, 1829 | Data deficient | 100,000 | ) | ) 100 kilograms | |
| Spinner Dolphin | Stenella longirostris Gray, 1828 | Conservation Dependent (LR/cd) | Unknown | ) | ) 90 kilograms | ) |
| Clymene Dolphin | Stenella clymene Gray, 1846 | Data deficient | Unknown | ) | ) 75-80 kilograms | |
| Striped Dolphin | Stenella coeruleoalba Meyen, 1833 | Conservation Dependent (LR/cd) | 2,000,000 | ) | ) 100 kilograms | ) |
| Genus Delphinus - 3 species | ||||||
| Common name | Scientific name | Status | Population | Distribution | Size | Picture |
| Short-beaked Common Dolphin | Delphinus delphis Linnaeus, 1758 | Conservation Dependent (LR/cd) | Unknown[2] | ) | ) 75-130 kilograms | ) |
| Long-beaked Common Dolphin | Delphinus capensis Gray, 1828 | Conservation Dependent (LR/cd) | Unknown[3] | ) | 70-110 kilograms | |
| Arabian Common Dolphin | Delphinus tropicalis van Bree, 1971 | Unknown | Unknown | |||
| Genus Lagenodelphis - 1 species | ||||||
| Common name | Scientific name | Status | Population | Distribution | Size | Picture |
| Fraser's Dolphin | Lagenodelphis hosei Fraser, 1956 | Data deficient | Unknown | ) | ) 209 kilograms | ) |
| Genus Lagenorhynchus Gray, 1846 - 6 species | ||||||
| Common name | Scientific name | Status | Population | Distribution | Size | Picture |
| White-beaked Dolphin | Lagenorhynchus albirostris Gray, 1846 | Least Concern (LR/lc) | 100,000[4] | ) | ) 180 kilograms | ){kind=small} |
| Atlantic White-sided Dolphin | Lagenorhynchus acutus Gray, 1828 | Least Concern (LR/lc) | 200,000 - 300,000 | ) | ) 235 kilograms | ) |
| Pacific White-sided Dolphin | Lagenorhynchus obliquidens Gill, 1865 | Least Concern (LR/lc) | 1,000,000 | ) | ) 85-150 kilograms | ) |
| Dusky Dolphin | Lagenorhynchus obscurus Gray, 1828 | Data deficient | Unknown | ) | ) 100 kilograms | ) |
| Peale's Dolphin (also known as Black-chinned Dolphin) | Lagenorhynchus australis Peale, 1848 | Data deficient | Unknown[5] | ) | ) 115 kilograms | |
| Hourglass Dolphin | Lagenorhynchus cruciger Quoy & Gaimard, 1824 | Least Concern (LR/lc) | 140,000 | ) | ) 90-120 kilograms | |
| Genus Lissodelphis - 2 species | ||||||
| Common name | Scientific name | Status | Population | Distribution | Size | Picture |
| Northern Right Whale Dolphin | Lissodelphis borealis Peale, 1848 | Least Concern (LR/lc) | 400,000[6] | ) | ) 115 kilograms | ) |
| Southern Right Whale Dolphin | Lissodelphis peronii Lacépède, 1804 | Data deficient | Unknown[7] | ) | ){kind=small} 60-100 kilograms | |
| Genus Grampus - 1 species | ||||||
| Common name | Scientific name | Status | Population | Distribution | Size | Picture |
| Risso's Dolphin | Grampus griseus G. Cuvier, 1812 | Data deficient | Unknown[8] | ) | ){kind=small} 300 kilograms | ) |
| Genus Peponocephala - 1 species | ||||||
| Common name | Scientific name | Status | Population | Distribution | Size | Picture |
| Melon-headed Whale | Peponocephala electra Gray, 1846 | Least Concern (LR/lc) | Unknown[9] | ) | ) 225 kilograms | ) |
| Genus Feresa - 1 species | ||||||
| Common name | Scientific name | Status | Population | Distribution | Size | Picture |
| Pygmy Killer Whale | Feresa attenuata Gray, 1875 | Data deficient | Unknown[10] | ) | ) 160-350 kilograms | |
| Genus Pseudorca - 1 species | ||||||
| Common name | Scientific name | Status | Population | Distribution | Size | Picture |
| False Killer Whale | Pseudorca crassidens Owen, 1846 | Least Concern (LR/lc) | Unknown[11] | ) | ){kind=spacer} 1.5-2 tonnes | ) |
| Genus Orca - 1 species | ||||||
| Common name | Scientific name | Status | Population | Distribution | Size | Picture |
| Orca | Orcinus orca Linnaeus, 1758 | Conservation Dependent (LR/cd) | 100,000[12] | ) | ) 4.5 tonnes | ) |
| Genus Globicephala - 2 species | ||||||
| Common name | Scientific name | Status | Population | Distribution | Size | Picture |
| Short-finned Pilot Whale | Globicephala macrorhynchus Gray, 1846 | Conservation Dependent (LR/cd) | Unknown[13] | ) | ) 1-3 tonnes | |
| Long-finned Pilot Whale | Globicephala melas Traill, 1809 | Least Concern (LR/lc) | Unknown[14] | ) | ) 3-3.5 tonnes | ) |
| Genus Orcaella Gray, 1866 - 2 species | ||||||
| Common name | Scientific name | Status | Population | Distribution | Size | Picture |
| Irrawaddy Dolphin | Orcaella brevirostris Gray, 1866 | Data deficient | Unknown | ) | ) 130 kilograms | |
| Australian Snubfin Dolphin | Orcaella heinsohni Beasley, Robertson & Arnold, 2005 | Unknown | Unknown | ) |
Family Monodontidae: Narwhal and Beluga
- See also: Monodontidae
The Monodontidae lack a dorsal fin which has been replaced by a tough fibrous ridge just behind the midpoint of the body and is probably an adaptation to swimming under ice, as both do in their Arctic habitat. The flippers are small, rounded and tend to curl up at the ends in adulthood. All, or almost all, the cervical vertebrae are unfused allowing the head to be turned independently of the body. None have any throat grooves.[1]
| Genus Monodon - 1 species | ||||||
| Common name | Scientific name | Status | Population | Distribution | Size | Picture |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Narwhal | Monodon monoceros Linnaeus, 1758 | Data deficient | 25,000[15] | ){kind=small} 900-1,500 kilograms | ) | |
| Genus Delphinapterus - 1 species | ||||||
| Common name | Scientific name | Status | Population | Distribution | Size | Picture |
| Beluga | Delphinapterus leucas Pallas, 1776 | Vulnerable (VU) | 100,000[16] | ) 1.5 tonnes | ) |
Family Phocoenidae: Porpoises
- See also: Phocoenidae
Porpoises, divided into six species, live in all oceans, mostly near the shore. Probably best known is the Harbour Porpoise, which can be found across the Northern Hemisphere.
| Genus Neophocaena - 1 species | ||||||
| Common name | Scientific name | Status | Population | Distribution | Size | Picture |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Finless Porpoise | Neophocaena phocaenoides Cuvier, 1829 | Data deficient[17] | Unknown[18] | ) | ) 30-45 kilograms | |
| Genus Phocoena - 4 species | ||||||
| Common name | Scientific name | Status | Population | Distribution | Size | Picture |
| Harbour Porpoise | Phocoena phocoena Linnaeus, 1758 | Vulnerable (VU) | Unknown[19] | ) | ) 75 kilograms | ) |
| Vaquita | Phocoena sinus Norris & McFarland, 1958 | Critically Endangered (CR) | 500[20] | ) | ) 50 kilograms | |
| Spectacled Porpoise | Phocoena dioptrica Lahille, 1912 | Data deficient | Unknown[21] | ) | ) 60-84 kilograms | |
| Burmeister's Porpoise | Phocoena spinipinnis Burmeister, 1865 | Data deficient | Unknown[22] | ) | ) 50-75 kilograms | |
| Genus Phocoenoides - 1 species | ||||||
| Common name | Scientific name | Status | Population | Distribution | Size | Picture |
| Dall's Porpoise | Phocoenoides dalli True, 1885 | Conservation Dependent (LR/cd) | 1,100,000[23] | ) | ) 130-200 kilograms | ) |
Family Physeteridae: Sperm Whale
- See also: Physeteridae
| Genus Physeter - 1 species | ||||||
| Common name | Scientific name | Status | Population | Distribution | Size | Picture |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sperm Whale | Physeter macrocephalus Linnaeus, 1758 | Vulnerable (VU) | 200,000-2,000,000[24] | ) | ) 25-50 tonnes | ) |
Family Kogiidae: Dwarf and Pygmy Sperm Whales
- See also: Kogiidae
| Genus Kogia - 2 species | ||||||
| Common name | Scientific name | Status | Population | Distribution | Size | Picture |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dwarf Sperm Whale | Kogia sima Owen, 1866 | Least Concern (LR/lc) | Unknown[25] | ) | ) 250 kilograms | |
| Pygmy Sperm Whale | Kogia breviceps Blainville, 1838 | Least Concern (LR/lc) | Unknown[26] | ) | ) 400 kilograms |
Family Ziphidae: Beaked Whales
- See also: Ziphidae
They possess a unique feeding mechanism known as suction feeding. Instead of catching their prey with teeth, it is sucked into their oral cavity. Their tongue can move very freely, and when suddenly retracted at the same time as the gular floor is distended, the pressure immediately drops within their mouth and the prey is sucked in with the water. The family members are characterised by having a lower jaw that extends at least to the tip of the upper jaw, a shallow or non-existent notch between the tail flukes, a dorsal fin set well back on the body, three of four fused cervical vertebrae, extensive skull asymmetry and two conspicuous throat grooves forming a 'V' pattern.[1]
| Genus Ziphius - 1 species | ||||||
| Common name | Scientific name | Status | Population | Distribution | Size | Picture |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cuvier's Beaked Whale | Ziphius cavirostris G. Cuvier, 1823 | Data deficient | Unknown[27] | ) | ) 2-3 tonnes | |
| Genus Berardius - 2 species | ||||||
| Common name | Scientific name | Status | Population | Distribution | Size | Picture |
| Arnoux's Beaked Whale | Berardius arnuxii Duvernoy, 1851 | Conservation Dependent (LR/cd) | Unknown[28] | ) | ) 8 tonnes | |
| Baird's Beaked Whale | Berardius bairdii Stejneger, 1883 | Conservation Dependent (LR/cd) | Unknown[29] | ) | ){kind=small} 12 tonnes | |
| Genus Tasmacetus - 1 species | ||||||
| Common name | Scientific name | Status | Population | Distribution | Size | Picture |
| Shepherd's Beaked Whale | Tasmacetus shepherdi Oliver, 1937 | Data deficient | Unknown[30] | ) | ) 2-2.5 tonnes | |
| Subfamily Hyperoodontidae - 3 genera, 17 species | ||||||
| Genus Indopacetus - 1 species | ||||||
| Common name | Scientific name | Status | Population | Distribution | Size | Picture |
| Longman's Beaked Whale | Indopacetus pacificus Longman, 1926 | Data deficent | Unknown[31] | ) | ||
| Genus Hyperoodon - 2 species | ||||||
| Common name | Scientific name | Status | Population | Distribution | Size | Picture |
| Northern Bottlenose Whale | Hyperoodon ampullatus Forster, 1770 | Conservation Dependent (LR/cd) | 10,000[32] | ) | ){kind=small} 7 tonnes | |
| Southern Bottlenose Whale | Hyperoodon planifrons Flower, 1882 | Conservation Dependent (LR/cd) | 500,000[33] | ) | ) 6 tonnes | |
| Genus Mesoplodon Gervais, 1850 - 14 species | ||||||
| Common name | Scientific name | Status | Population | Distribution | Size | Picture |
| Hector's Beaked Whale | Mesoplodon hectori Gray, 1871 | Data deficient | Unknown | ) | ) 1 tonne | |
| True's Beaked Whale | Mesoplodon mirus True, 1913 | Data deficient | Unknown | ) | ) 1.4 tonnes | |
| Gervais' Beaked Whale | Mesoplodon europaeus Gervais, 1855 | Data deficient | Unknown | ) | ) 1.2 tonnes | |
| Sowerby's Beaked Whale | Mesoplodon bidens Sowerby, 1804 | Data deficient | Unknown | ) | ) 1-1.3 tonnes | ) |
| Gray's Beaked Whale | Mesoplodon grayi von Haast, 1876 | Data deficient | Unknown | ) | ){kind=spacer} 1.5 tonnes | |
| Pygmy Beaked Whale | Mesoplodon peruvianus Reyes, Mead, and Van Waerebeek, 1991 | Data deficient | Unknown | ) | ||
| Andrews' Beaked Whale | Mesoplodon bowdoini Gervais, 1850 | Data deficient | Unknown | ) | ){kind=spacer} 1 tonne | |
| Bahamonde's Beaked Whale | Mesoplodon bahamondi Gray, 1874 | Data deficient | Unknown | |||
| Hubbs' Beaked Whale | Mesoplodon carlhubbsi Sowerby, 1963 | Data deficient | Unknown | ) | ) 1.4 tonnes | |
| Ginkgo-toothed Beaked Whale | Mesoplodon ginkgodens Nishiwaki & Kamiya, 1958 | Data deficient | Unknown | ) | ) 1.5 tonnes | |
| Stejneger's Beaked Whale | Mesoplodon stejnegeri True, 1885 | Data deficient | Unknown | ) | ) 1.5 tonnes | |
| Layard's Beaked Whale | Mesoplodon layardii Gray, 1865 | Data deficient | Unknown | ) | ) 2 tonnes | |
| Blainville's Beaked Whale | Mesoplodon densirostris Blainville, 1817 | Data deficient | Unknown | ) | ) 1 tonne | |
| Perrin's Beaked Whale | Mesoplodon perrini Dalebout, Mead, Baker, Baker, & van Helding, 2002 | Data deficient | Unknown |
Superfamily Platanistoidea: river dolphins
- See also: Platanistoidea
Family Iniidae: Boto
- I.g. geoffrensis - Amazon basin population (excluding Madeira river drainage area, above the Teotonio Rapids in Bolivia)
- I.g. boliviensis - Amazon basin population in the Madeira drainage area
- I.g. humboldtiana - Orinoco basin population
| Genus Inia - 1 species | ||||||
| Common name | Scientific name | Status | Population | Distribution | Size | Picture |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boto (Amazon River Dolphin) | Inia geoffrensis Blainville, 1817 | Vulnerable (VU) | Unknown | ) | ) 150 kilograms | ) |
Family Lipotidae: Baiji
| Genus Lipotes - 1 species | ||||||
| Common name | Scientific name | Status | Population | Distribution | Size | Picture |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baiji (Chinese River Dolphin) | Lipotes vexillifer Miller, 1918 | Critically Endangered (CR) Possibly extinct | 13[36] | ) | ) 130 kilograms |
Family Platanistidae: Ganges and Indus River Dolphin
| Genus Platanista - 1 species | ||||||
| Common name | Scientific name | Status | Population | Distribution | Size | Picture |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ganges and Indus River Dolphin | Platanista gangetica Roxburgh, 1801 | Endangered (EN) | 1,100[39] | ) | ) 200 kilograms |
Family Pontoporiidae: La Plata River Dolphin
| Genus Pontoporia - 1 species | ||||||
| Common name | Scientific name | Status | Population | Distribution | Size | Picture |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| La Plata Dolphin | Pontoporia blainvillei Gervais & d'Orbigny, 1844 | Data deficient | 4,000-4,500 | ) | ) 50 kilograms |
Notes and references
1. ^ Martin, Dr. Anthony R. (1991). Whales and Dolphins. London: Salamander Books.
2. ^ The total population is unknown but numbers in the hundreds of thousands.
3. ^ The total population is unknown but numbers in the hundreds of thousands.
4. ^ Estimates of various stocks throughout the North Atlantic give an overall value into the high tens or low hundreds of thousands.
5. ^ Total population unknown but thought to be locally common - it is the most common dolphin found around the Falkland Islands
6. ^ Varying population estimates for areas around California and the North Pacific give a total of up to 400,000
7. ^ Surveys suggest that this is the most common dolphin off of Chilean waters.
8. ^ The population around the continental shelf of the United States has been recorded to be in excess of 60,000. In the Pacific a census recorded 175,000 individuals in eastern tropical waters and 85,000 in the west. No global estimate of population exists.
9. ^ Estimates for eastern tropical Pacific are 45,000 and another recent survey estimates population to be 1,200 for the eastern Sulu Sea, no global estimate is known.
10. ^ The only population estimate is of 38,900 individuals in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean
11. ^ The total population is unknown. The eastern Pacific was estimated to have in excess of 40,000 individuals and is probably the home of the largest grouping.
12. ^ Local estimates include 70-80,000 in the Antarctic, 8,000 in the tropical Pacific (although tropical waters are not the orca's preferred environment, the sheer size of this area — 19 million square kilometres — means there are thousands of orcas), up to 2,000 off Japan, 1,500 off the cooler northeast Pacific and 1,500 off Norway.
13. ^ Total population not known. There are 150,000 individuals in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. There are estimated to be more than 30,000 animals in the western Pacific, off the coast of Japan.
14. ^ Total population not known. There are estimated to be in excess of 200,000 in the Southern Ocean. The North Atlantic population is not known.
15. ^ Aerial surveys suggest a population of around 20,000 individuals. When submerged animals are also taken into account, the true figure may be in excess of 25,000.
16. ^ There are estimated to be 40,000 individuals in the Beaufort Sea, 25,000 in Hudson Bay, 18,000 in the Bering Sea and 28,000 in the Canadian High Arctic. The population in the St. Lawrence estuary is estimated to be around 1000.
17. ^ There are not enough data to place finless porpoises on the endangered species list, except in China, where they are endangered. Their propensity for staying close to shore places them in great danger from fishing
18. ^ There are no good estimates of the animals' abundance. However a comparison of two surveys, one from the late 1970s and the other from 1999/2000 shows a decline in population and distribution.
19. ^ Several surveys have been taken although large gaps of data is missing so an overall value cannot be achieved. In the Eastern Pacific Ocean: Central California 4,120; Northern California 9,250; Oregon and Washington 26,175. In the Atlantic Ocean: Gulf of Maine 67,500; Skagerrak and Belt Seas 36,046; North Sea 279,367; Ireland and western UK 36,280.
20. ^ Only few serious attempts have been made to estimate the total size of the vaquita population. Varying numbers have been obtained although an average of about 500 is usually found.
21. ^ Nothing is known of the abundance of this porpoise. It was the most commonly encountered species during preliminary beach surveys undertaken on Tierra del Fuego.
22. ^ There are no quantitative data on abundance.
23. ^ The most recent estimate for the North Pacific and Bering Sea is 1,186,000.
24. ^ The total number of Sperm Whales throughout the world is unknown. Crude estimates, obtained by surveying small areas and extrapolating the result to all the world's oceans, range from 200,000 to 2,000,000 individuals.
25. ^ No global population estimates have been made. One survey estimated a population of about 11,000 in the eastern Pacific.
26. ^ No global population estimates have been made. One survey estimated a population of about 11,000 in the eastern Pacific.
27. ^ Because of the difficulty of identifying the species the total global population is unknown.
28. ^ Arnoux's beaked whales seem to be relatively abundant in Cook Strait during summer
29. ^ Virtually nothing is known about the abundance of Baird's beaked whales, except that they are not rare as was formerly thought
30. ^ Nothing is known about the relative abundance of this species or its population composition.
31. ^ A 2002 survey estimates that there are 766 animals around Hawaii. No other population estimates exist for other locales.
32. ^ Total population is unknown but likely to be of the order of 10,000.
33. ^ There is thought to be a global population in excess of 500,000.
34. ^ Rice, Dale W. (1998). Marine mammals of the world: systematics and distribution. Society of Marine Mammalogy Special Publication Number 4. 231 pp.
35. ^ Wang, Yongchen (2007-01-10). Farewell to the Baiji. China Dialogue. Retrieved on 2007-05-29.
36. ^ A survey from November-December 2006 failed to find any individuals. Another survey, from 1997, counted only 13 individuals. In 1986 surveys estimated the number to be at about 300.
37. ^ Pilleri, G., Marcuzzi, G. and Pilleri, O., 1982. Speciation in the Platanistoidea, systematic, zoogeographical and ecological observations on recent species. Investigations on Cetacea, 14: 15-46.
38. ^ Rice, DW (1998). Marine mammals of the world: Systematics and distribution. Society for Marine Mammalogy. ISBN 978-1891276033.
39. ^ Estimates give values of 1,100 Indus River Dolphins and maybe as few as 20 Ganges River Dolphins.
2. ^ The total population is unknown but numbers in the hundreds of thousands.
3. ^ The total population is unknown but numbers in the hundreds of thousands.
4. ^ Estimates of various stocks throughout the North Atlantic give an overall value into the high tens or low hundreds of thousands.
5. ^ Total population unknown but thought to be locally common - it is the most common dolphin found around the Falkland Islands
6. ^ Varying population estimates for areas around California and the North Pacific give a total of up to 400,000
7. ^ Surveys suggest that this is the most common dolphin off of Chilean waters.
8. ^ The population around the continental shelf of the United States has been recorded to be in excess of 60,000. In the Pacific a census recorded 175,000 individuals in eastern tropical waters and 85,000 in the west. No global estimate of population exists.
9. ^ Estimates for eastern tropical Pacific are 45,000 and another recent survey estimates population to be 1,200 for the eastern Sulu Sea, no global estimate is known.
10. ^ The only population estimate is of 38,900 individuals in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean
11. ^ The total population is unknown. The eastern Pacific was estimated to have in excess of 40,000 individuals and is probably the home of the largest grouping.
12. ^ Local estimates include 70-80,000 in the Antarctic, 8,000 in the tropical Pacific (although tropical waters are not the orca's preferred environment, the sheer size of this area — 19 million square kilometres — means there are thousands of orcas), up to 2,000 off Japan, 1,500 off the cooler northeast Pacific and 1,500 off Norway.
13. ^ Total population not known. There are 150,000 individuals in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. There are estimated to be more than 30,000 animals in the western Pacific, off the coast of Japan.
14. ^ Total population not known. There are estimated to be in excess of 200,000 in the Southern Ocean. The North Atlantic population is not known.
15. ^ Aerial surveys suggest a population of around 20,000 individuals. When submerged animals are also taken into account, the true figure may be in excess of 25,000.
16. ^ There are estimated to be 40,000 individuals in the Beaufort Sea, 25,000 in Hudson Bay, 18,000 in the Bering Sea and 28,000 in the Canadian High Arctic. The population in the St. Lawrence estuary is estimated to be around 1000.
17. ^ There are not enough data to place finless porpoises on the endangered species list, except in China, where they are endangered. Their propensity for staying close to shore places them in great danger from fishing
18. ^ There are no good estimates of the animals' abundance. However a comparison of two surveys, one from the late 1970s and the other from 1999/2000 shows a decline in population and distribution.
19. ^ Several surveys have been taken although large gaps of data is missing so an overall value cannot be achieved. In the Eastern Pacific Ocean: Central California 4,120; Northern California 9,250; Oregon and Washington 26,175. In the Atlantic Ocean: Gulf of Maine 67,500; Skagerrak and Belt Seas 36,046; North Sea 279,367; Ireland and western UK 36,280.
20. ^ Only few serious attempts have been made to estimate the total size of the vaquita population. Varying numbers have been obtained although an average of about 500 is usually found.
21. ^ Nothing is known of the abundance of this porpoise. It was the most commonly encountered species during preliminary beach surveys undertaken on Tierra del Fuego.
22. ^ There are no quantitative data on abundance.
23. ^ The most recent estimate for the North Pacific and Bering Sea is 1,186,000.
24. ^ The total number of Sperm Whales throughout the world is unknown. Crude estimates, obtained by surveying small areas and extrapolating the result to all the world's oceans, range from 200,000 to 2,000,000 individuals.
25. ^ No global population estimates have been made. One survey estimated a population of about 11,000 in the eastern Pacific.
26. ^ No global population estimates have been made. One survey estimated a population of about 11,000 in the eastern Pacific.
27. ^ Because of the difficulty of identifying the species the total global population is unknown.
28. ^ Arnoux's beaked whales seem to be relatively abundant in Cook Strait during summer
29. ^ Virtually nothing is known about the abundance of Baird's beaked whales, except that they are not rare as was formerly thought
30. ^ Nothing is known about the relative abundance of this species or its population composition.
31. ^ A 2002 survey estimates that there are 766 animals around Hawaii. No other population estimates exist for other locales.
32. ^ Total population is unknown but likely to be of the order of 10,000.
33. ^ There is thought to be a global population in excess of 500,000.
34. ^ Rice, Dale W. (1998). Marine mammals of the world: systematics and distribution. Society of Marine Mammalogy Special Publication Number 4. 231 pp.
35. ^ Wang, Yongchen (2007-01-10). Farewell to the Baiji. China Dialogue. Retrieved on 2007-05-29.
36. ^ A survey from November-December 2006 failed to find any individuals. Another survey, from 1997, counted only 13 individuals. In 1986 surveys estimated the number to be at about 300.
37. ^ Pilleri, G., Marcuzzi, G. and Pilleri, O., 1982. Speciation in the Platanistoidea, systematic, zoogeographical and ecological observations on recent species. Investigations on Cetacea, 14: 15-46.
38. ^ Rice, DW (1998). Marine mammals of the world: Systematics and distribution. Society for Marine Mammalogy. ISBN 978-1891276033.
39. ^ Estimates give values of 1,100 Indus River Dolphins and maybe as few as 20 Ganges River Dolphins.
- General references
- Rice, Dale W. (1998). "Marine mammals of the world: systematics and distribution": 231pp.
- Mead, James G. and Robert L. Brownell, Jr (November 16 2005). in Wilson, D. E., and Reeder, D. M. (eds): Mammal Species of the World, 3rd edition, Johns Hopkins University Press, 723-743. ISBN 0-801-88221-4.2005&rft.edition=3rd%20edition&rft.pub=Johns%20Hopkins%20University%20Press&rft.pages=723-743&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnmnhgoph.si.edu%2Fmsw%2F">
- Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. Retrieved on 2006-11-09.
See also
External links
- ARKive - images and movies of Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises
- American Cetacean Society
- CMS Small Cetaceans
- IUCN Redlist
Cetaceans (whales, dolphins, and porpoises) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Suborder Mysticeti (baleen whales) |
Eschrichtiidae (gray whales)
Balaenopteridae (rorquals)
Balaenidae (right whales)
Neobalaenidae (pygmy right whales)
| |
| Suborder Odontoceti (toothed whales) |
Platanistoidea (river dolphins)
Delphinidae (oceanic dolphins)
Phocoenidae (porpoises)
Monodontidae (beluga and narwhal)
Physeteridae (sperm whales)
Kogiidae (pygmy and dwarf sperm whales)
Ziphiidae (beaked whales)
| |
){kind=small}
The Eocene epoch (55.8 ± 0.2 - 33.9 ± 0.1 Ma) is a major division of the geologic timescale and the second epoch of the Palaeogene period in the Cenozoic era. The Eocene spans the time from the end of the Paleocene epoch to the beginning of the Oligocene epoch.
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Tursiops
Species: T. truncatus
Binomial name
Tursiops truncatus
Montagu, 1821
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Species: T. truncatus
Binomial name
Tursiops truncatus
Montagu, 1821
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Scientific classification or biological classification is a method by which biologists group and categorize species of organisms. Scientific classification also can be called scientific taxonomy, but should be distinguished from folk taxonomy, which lacks scientific basis.
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Chordata
Bateson, 1885
Typical Classes
See below
Chordates (phylum Chordata) are a group of animals that includes the vertebrates, together with several closely related invertebrates.
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Bateson, 1885
Typical Classes
See below
Chordates (phylum Chordata) are a group of animals that includes the vertebrates, together with several closely related invertebrates.
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Vertebrata
Cuvier, 1812
Classes and Clades
See below
Vertebrates are members of the subphylum Vertebrata (within the phylum Chordata), specifically, those chordates with backbones or spinal columns.
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Cuvier, 1812
Classes and Clades
See below
Vertebrates are members of the subphylum Vertebrata (within the phylum Chordata), specifically, those chordates with backbones or spinal columns.
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Mammalia
Linnaeus, 1758
Subclasses & Infraclasses
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Linnaeus, 1758
Subclasses & Infraclasses
- Subclass †Allotheria*
- Subclass Prototheria
- Subclass Theria
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Cetacea
Brisson, 1762
Diversity
Around 88 species; see list of cetaceans or below.
Suborders
Mysticeti
Odontoceti
Archaeoceti (extinct)
(see text for families)
The order Cetacea
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Brisson, 1762
Diversity
Around 88 species; see list of cetaceans or below.
Suborders
Mysticeti
Odontoceti
Archaeoceti (extinct)
(see text for families)
The order Cetacea
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Mathurin Jacques Brisson (April 30, 1723 – June 23, 1806) was a French zoologist and natural philosopher.
Brisson was born at Fontenay-le-Comte. The earlier part of his life was spent in the pursuit of natural history, his published works in this department including
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Brisson was born at Fontenay-le-Comte. The earlier part of his life was spent in the pursuit of natural history, his published works in this department including
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8th century - 9th century - 10th century
850s 860s 870s - 880s - 890s 900s 910s
885 886 887 - 888 - 889 890 891
:
Subjects: Archaeology - Architecture -
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850s 860s 870s - 880s - 890s 900s 910s
885 886 887 - 888 - 889 890 891
:
Subjects: Archaeology - Architecture -
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Cetacea
Brisson, 1762
Diversity
Around 88 species; see list of cetaceans or below.
Suborders
Mysticeti
Odontoceti
Archaeoceti (extinct)
(see text for families)
The order Cetacea
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Brisson, 1762
Diversity
Around 88 species; see list of cetaceans or below.
Suborders
Mysticeti
Odontoceti
Archaeoceti (extinct)
(see text for families)
The order Cetacea
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whale can refer to all cetaceans, to just the larger ones, or only to members of particular families within the order Cetacea. The last definition is the one followed here. Whales are those cetaceans which are neither dolphins (i.e.
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Delphinidae and Platanistoidea
Gray, 1821
Genera
See article below.
Dolphins are aquatic mammals that are closely related to whales and porpoises. There are almost forty species of dolphin in seventeen genera. They vary in size from 1.
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Gray, 1821
Genera
See article below.
Dolphins are aquatic mammals that are closely related to whales and porpoises. There are almost forty species of dolphin in seventeen genera. They vary in size from 1.
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Phocoenidae
Gray, 1825
Genera
Neophocaena - Finless porpoise
Phocoena - Harbour porpoise et al.
Phocoenoides - Dall's porpoise
The porpoises are small cetaceans of the family Phocoenidae
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Gray, 1825
Genera
Neophocaena - Finless porpoise
Phocoena - Harbour porpoise et al.
Phocoenoides - Dall's porpoise
The porpoises are small cetaceans of the family Phocoenidae
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Odontoceti
Flower, 1869
Diversity
Around 73; see List of cetaceans or below.
Families
See text.
The toothed whales (systematic name Odontoceti) form a suborder of the cetaceans.
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Flower, 1869
Diversity
Around 73; see List of cetaceans or below.
Families
See text.
The toothed whales (systematic name Odontoceti) form a suborder of the cetaceans.
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Mysticeti
Cope, 1891
Diversity
Around 15 species; see list of cetaceans or below.
Families
Balaenidae
Balaenopteridae
Eschrichtiidae
Neobalaenidae
The baleen whales, also called whalebone whales or great whales
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Cope, 1891
Diversity
Around 15 species; see list of cetaceans or below.
Families
Balaenidae
Balaenopteridae
Eschrichtiidae
Neobalaenidae
The baleen whales, also called whalebone whales or great whales
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list of extinct cetaceans features the extinct species of the order Cetacea. The cetaceans (whales, dolphins and porpoises) are descendants of land-living mammals, the even-toed ungulates. The earliest cetaceans were still hoofed-mammals.
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Extant is a term commonly used to refer to taxa, species, genera or families that are still in existence (living). For example, Brandt's Cormorant is an extant species, while the Spectacled Cormorant is an extinct species.
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Lipotidae
Genus: Lipotes
Species: L. vexillifer
Binomial name
Lipotes vexillifer
Miller, 1918
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Genus: Lipotes
Species: L. vexillifer
Binomial name
Lipotes vexillifer
Miller, 1918
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Limb can have many meanings.
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- Limb Music - a record label.
- LIMB - acronym Look In (your) Mail Box
- from the Old English lim:
- Limb (anatomy), a limb
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Mysticeti
Cope, 1891
Diversity
Around 15 species; see list of cetaceans or below.
Families
Balaenidae
Balaenopteridae
Eschrichtiidae
Neobalaenidae
The baleen whales, also called whalebone whales or great whales
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Cope, 1891
Diversity
Around 15 species; see list of cetaceans or below.
Families
Balaenidae
Balaenopteridae
Eschrichtiidae
Neobalaenidae
The baleen whales, also called whalebone whales or great whales
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Cetacea
Brisson, 1762
Diversity
Around 88 species; see list of cetaceans or below.
Suborders
Mysticeti
Odontoceti
Archaeoceti (extinct)
(see text for families)
The order Cetacea
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Brisson, 1762
Diversity
Around 88 species; see list of cetaceans or below.
Suborders
Mysticeti
Odontoceti
Archaeoceti (extinct)
(see text for families)
The order Cetacea
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Baleen makes up baleen plates, which are arranged in two parallel rows that look like combs of thick hair; they are attached to the upper jaws of baleen whales. It is composed of keratin, which is the same substance that makes up human hair and nails.
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Teeth (singular, tooth) are structures found in the jaws (or mouths) of many vertebrates that are used to tear, scrape, and chew food. Some animals, particularly carnivores, also use teeth for hunting or defense. The roots of teeth are covered by gums.
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Odontoceti
Flower, 1869
Diversity
Around 73; see List of cetaceans or below.
Families
See text.
The toothed whales (systematic name Odontoceti) form a suborder of the cetaceans.
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Flower, 1869
Diversity
Around 73; see List of cetaceans or below.
Families
See text.
The toothed whales (systematic name Odontoceti) form a suborder of the cetaceans.
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