Information about List Of Antarctica Expeditions
List of Antarctica expeditions is a chronological list of expeditions involving Antarctica.
Pre-expedition
- 600 BC – 300 BC Greek Philosophers theorize Spherical Earth with the antipodes North and South Polar regions.
- 150 AD Ptolemy published Geographia, which notes Terra Australis Incognita
Pre-1800s
- 1487 Bartolomeu Dias first to sail around Cape of Good Hope crosses (40° S)
- 1497 Vasco da Gama sails to White River, South Africa
- 1522 Ferdinand Magellan - first circumnavigation discovers Strait of Magellan (54º S)
- 1525 Francisco de Hoces, member of the LoaÃsa Expedition - thought to see Land's End (56º S)
- 1578 Francis Drake discovers Drake Passage
- 1599 Dirk Gerritsz - potentially sails to (64° S)
- 1603 Gabriel de Castilla - potentially sails to (64° S)
- 1615 Jacob le Maire and Willem Schouten first to sail around Cape Horn cross (56° S)
- 1619 Garcia de Nodal expedition – circumnavigate Tierra del Fuego and discover Diego Ramirez Islands ()
- 1642 – 1643 Abel Tasman discovers New Zealand and Tasmania (44° S)
- 1675 Anthony de la Roché discovers South Georgia (), the first ever land discovered south of the Antarctic Convergence
- 1698 – 1699 Edmond Halley sails to (52° S)
- 1720 Captain George Shelvocke – sails to (61° 30’S)
- 1739 Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier – discovers Bouvet Island ()
- 1771 James Cook – HM Bark Endeavour expedition
- 1771 – 1772 First French Antarctic Expedition - led by Yves-Joseph de Kerguelen-Trémarec discovers Kerguelen Islands ()
- 1775 James Cook – sails HMS Resolution crossing Antarctic Circle to (71° 10’S)
1800s
- 1819 William Smith discovers South Shetland Islands (), the first ever land discovered south of 60° south latitude.
- 1819 San Telmo wrecks in the Drake Passage off Livingston Island
- 1819 – 1821 Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen – on January 27, 1820, discovers Antarctica mainland at Princess Martha Coast ()
- 1820 Edward Bransfield & William Smith – on January 30, 1820, sight Trinity Peninsula ()
- 1820 Nathaniel Palmer sights Antarctica on November 17, 1820
- 1821 John Davis – on February 7, 1821 disputed claim of setting foot on Antarctica at Hughes Bay ()
- 1823 – 1824 James Weddell – on February 20, 1823 reaches ()
- 1830 – 1832 Southern Ocean Expedition – sight Enderby Land () and Adelaide Island ()
- 1837 – 1840 Second French Antarctic Expedition – led by Jules Dumont d'Urville discovers Adelie Land (66° S)
- 1838 – 1839 John Balleny discovers Balleny Islands ()
- 1838 – 1842 United States Exploring Expedition – led by Charles Wilkes to Antarctic Peninsula () and eastern Antarctica
- 1839 – 1843 James Clark Ross discovered the Ross Ice Shelf, Ross Sea, Mount Erebus, Mount Terror and Victoria Land
- 1892 – 1893 Dundee Whaling Expedition discover Dundee Island ()
- 1893 – 1895 Henryk Bull – set foot on Antarctica at Cape Adare
- 1897 – 1899 Belgian Antarctic Expedition – led by Adrien de Gerlache
- 1898 – 1900 Southern Cross Expedition, Carsten Borchgrevink – sails to Cape Adare and winters on Antarctica
1900s
- 1901 — 1904 Discovery Expedition - led by Robert Falcon Scott, on December 30, 1903, Ernest Shackleton reached (82° 17’S)
- 1901 — 1903 First German Antarctica Expedition - led by Erich von Drygalski
- 1901 — 1904 Swedish Antarctic Expedition – led by Otto Nordenskiöld
- 1902 — 1904 Scottish National Antarctic Expedition – led by William Speirs Bruce
- 1903 — 1905 Third French Antarctic Expedition – led by Jean-Baptiste Charcot
- 1907 — 1909 Nimrod Expedition – On January 16, 1909, Ernest Shackleton reached the South Magnetic Pole (88° 23’S)
- 1908 — 1910 Fourth French Antarctic Expedition – led by Jean-Baptiste Charcot
- 1910 — 1912 Japanese Antarctic Expedition - led by Nobu Shirase
- 1910 — 1912 Roald Amundsen - On December 14, 1911, reached the South Pole (90° S)
- 1910 — 1913 Terra Nova Expedition - On January 17, 1912, Robert Falcon Scott, reached the South Pole (90° S)
- 1911 — 1913 Second German Antarctic Expedition - led by Wilhelm Filchner
- 1911 — 1914 Australasian Antarctic Expedition – led by Douglas Mawson
- 1914 — 1916 Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition – led by Ernest Shackleton
- 1914 — 1917 Ross Sea Party – led by A.L.A. Mackintosh
- 1921 — 1922 Shackleton-Rowett Expedition – led by Ernest Shackleton
- 1929 — 1931 British Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition
- 1928 — 1930 Richard Evelyn Byrd - First expedition
- 1931 H Halvorsen - discovered Princess Astrid Coast
- 1931 Carstens Borchgrevink - discovered Kronprins Olav Kyst
- 1931 Hjalmar Riiser-Larsen - flew over Antarctica
- 1933 — 1935 Richard Evelyn Byrd - Second expedition
- 1933 — 1939 Lincoln Ellsworth – Aircraft expedition
- 1934 — 1937 British Graham Land Expedition
- 1936 Lars Christensen - dropped Norwegian flag over Princess Harald Coast
- 1938 Third German Antarctic Expedition - led by Alfred Ritscher
- 1939 — 1941 United States Antarctic Service Expedition – led by Richard Evelyn Byrd
- 1943 — 1945 Operation Tabarin - led by Lieutenant James Marr
- 1946 — 1946 Operation Highjump – led by Richard Evelyn Byrd
- 1947 — First Chilean Antarctic Expedition
- 1947 — 1948 Operation Windmill – led by Commander Gerald Ketchum
- 1947 — 1946 Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition – led by Finn Ronne
- 1949 — 1952 Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition – led by John Giaever
- 1955 — 1956 Operation Deep Freeze - led by Richard Evelyn Byrd
- 1955 — 1957 1st Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by Mikhail Somov
- 1956 Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station established
- 1956 — 1958 Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition – led by Vivian Fuchs
- 1956 — 1958 2nd Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by Aleksei Treshnikov
- 1957 — 1958 International Geophysical Year
- 1957 Scott Base established
- 1957 — 1958 Luncke Expedition
- 1957 — 1959 3rd Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by Yevgeny Tolstikov
- 1958 — 1960 4th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by Aleksandr Dralkin
- 1959 — 1961 5th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by Yevgeny Korotkevich
- 1960 South African National Antarctic Expedition
- 1960 — 1962 6th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by V.Driatsky
- 1961 — 1963 7th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by Aleksandr Dralkin
- 1962 — 1962 Vostok traverse - led by Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE)
- 1962 — 1964 8th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by Mikhail Somov
- 1963 — 1965 9th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by Mikhail Somov
- 1964 — 1966 10th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by M.Ostrekin, I.Petrov
- 1965 — 1967 11th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by D.Maksutov, Leonid Dubrovin
- 1966 — 1968 12th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by Pavel Senko and Vladislav Gerbovich
- 1967 — 1969 13th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by Aleksei Treshnikov
- 1968 — 1970 14th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by D.Maksutov, Ernst Krenkel
- 1969 — 1971 15th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by Pavel Senko and Vladislav Gerbovich
- 1970 — 1972 16th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by I.Petrov and Yury Tarbeyev
- 1971 — 1973 17th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by Yevgeny Korotkevich, V.Averyanov
- 1972 — 1974 18th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by Pavel Senko
- 1973 — 1975 19th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by D.Maksutov, V.Ignatov
- 1974 — 1976 20th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by V.Serdyukov, N.Kornilov
- 1975 — 1977 21st Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by O.Sedov, G.Bardin
- 1976 — 1978 22nd Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by N.Tyabin, Leonid Dubrovin
- 1977 — 1979 23rd Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by V.Serdyukov, O.Sedov
- 1978 — 1980 24th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by A.Artemyev, O.Sedov
- 1979 Air New Zealand Flight 901 – airplane crash
- 1979 — 1980 25th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by N.Kornilov, N.Tyabin
- 1980 — 1981 Transglobe Expedition - led by Ranulph Fiennes
- 1980 — 1982 26th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by V.Serdyukov, V.Shamontyev
- 1981 — 1983 27th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by D.Maksutov, R.Galkin
- 1982 Falkland Islands War
- 1982 — 1984 28th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by N.Kornilov, A.Artemyev
- 1983 — 1985 29th Soviet Antarctic Expedition - led by N.Tyabin, L.Bulatov
- 1984 - 1985 1st Uruguayan Antarctic Expedition - Antarkos I Led by Lt.Col. Omar Porciúncula
- 1984 — 1986 30th Soviet Antarctic Expedition - led by D.Maksutov, R.Galkin
- 1985 — 1987 31st Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by N.Tyabin, V.Dubovtsev
- 1986 — 1988 32nd Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by V.Klokov, V.Vovk
- 1987 Iceberg B-9 calves and carries away Little Americas I - III
- 1987 — 1989 33rd Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by N.A.Kornilov, Yu.A.Khabarov
- 1987 — 1988 First Bulgarian Antarctic Expedition — St. Kliment Ohridski Base established
- 1988 — 1990 34th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by S.M.Pryamikov, L.V.Bulatov
- 1989 — 1991 35th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by V.M.Piguzov
- 1991 — 1992 36th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by Lev Savatyugin
- 1996 Lake Vostok discovered
2000s
- 2004 BELARE Expedition
- 2004 – 2005 Tangra 2004/05 created Camp Academia.
- 2005 BELARE 2005 Logistics Survey Expedition
- 2006 – 2007 Team n2i Kite Skiing expedition to the Southern Pole of Inaccessibility. Rupert Longsdon, Henry Cookson, Rory Sweet and guide Paul Landry.
- 2007 British Graham Land Expedition Independent Mountaineering expedition to the Antarctic Peninsula.
Agreements
- 1959 Antarctic Treaty System
- 1964 Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora
- 1978 Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals
- 1982 Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources
- 1988 Convention on the Regulation of Antarctic Mineral Resource Activities
- 1998 Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty
See also
- Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions
- History of Antarctica
- List of research stations in Antarctica
References
- Savatyugin, L.M., Preobrazhenskaya, M.A. Russian Exploration of Antarctica (Russian: Российские исследования в Антарктике), published by Gidrometeoizdat, Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI), Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring of Russian Federation (Roshydromet), in 3 volumes (vol.1:1st to 20th SAE;vol.2:21st to 30th SAE; vol.3:31st SAE to 40th RAE), Saint Petersburg, 1999, ISBN 5-286-01265-5
- Soviet Antarctic Expedition : information bulletin., Amsterdam: Elsevier Pub. Co. ; New York: American Elsevier Pub. Co., 1964-, ISSN 0038-5271
Further reading
- Headland, Robert K. (1990). Chronological List of Antarctic Expeditions and Related Historical Events. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-30903-4
- Landis, Marilyn J. (2003). Antarctica: Exploring the Extreme: 400 Years of Adventure. Chicago Review Press. ISBN 1-55652-480-3
External links
- Map of Antarctic Expeditions 1772 - 1931 at The Fram Museum (Frammuseet)
- Index to Antarctic Expeditions - at the Scott Polar Research Institute's website
- Antarctic Expeditions - information about some of them from the British Antarctic Survey
- Chronologies and Timelines of Antarctic Exploration
Chronology is the science of locating events in time. An arrangement of events, from either earliest to latest or the reverse, is also called a chronology or, particularly when involving graphical elements, a timeline or a living graph. See also Chronicle.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Exploration is the act of searching or traveling for the purpose of discovery, e.g. of unknown regions, including space (space exploration), for oil, gas, coal, ores, caves, water (Mineral exploration or prospecting), or information.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Editing of this page by unregistered or newly registered users is currently disabled due to vandalism.
If you are prevented from editing this page, and you wish to make a change, please discuss changes on the talk page, request unprotection, log in, or .
..... Click the link for more information.
If you are prevented from editing this page, and you wish to make a change, please discuss changes on the talk page, request unprotection, log in, or .
..... Click the link for more information.
7th century BC - 6th century BC
630s BC 620s BC 610s BC - 600s BC - 590s BC 580s BC 570s BC
609 BC 608 BC 607 BC 606 BC 605 BC
604 BC 603 BC 602 BC 601 BC 600 BC
- - State leaders - Sovereign states
-
..... Click the link for more information.
630s BC 620s BC 610s BC - 600s BC - 590s BC 580s BC 570s BC
609 BC 608 BC 607 BC 606 BC 605 BC
604 BC 603 BC 602 BC 601 BC 600 BC
- - State leaders - Sovereign states
-
Events and trends
..... Click the link for more information.
3rd century BC - 2nd century BC
330s BC 320s BC 310s BC - 300s BC - 290s BC 280s BC 270s BC
303 BC 302 BC 301 BC - 300 BC - 299 BC 298 BC 297 BC
Politics
State leaders - Sovereign states
..... Click the link for more information.
330s BC 320s BC 310s BC - 300s BC - 290s BC 280s BC 270s BC
303 BC 302 BC 301 BC - 300 BC - 299 BC 298 BC 297 BC
Politics
State leaders - Sovereign states
..... Click the link for more information.
on modern philosophy, as well as modern science. Clear unbroken lines of influence lead from ancient Greek and Hellenistic philosophers, to medieval Muslim philosophers and scientists, to the European Renaissance and Enlightenment, to the secular sciences of the modern day.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
spherical Earth was espoused by Pythagoras apparently on aesthetic grounds, as he also held all other celestial bodies to be spherical. It replaced earlier beliefs in a flat Earth: In early Mesopotamian thought, the world was portrayed as a flat disk floating in the ocean, and this
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
antipodes (from Greek anti- "opposed" and pous "foot"; pronounced [ænˈtɪpəˌdiːz]) of any place on Earth is its antipodal point; that is, the region on the Earth's surface which is diametrically opposite to it.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
North Pole, also known as the Geographic North Pole or Terrestrial North Pole, is, subject to the caveats explained below, defined as the point in the northern hemisphere where the Earth's axis of rotation meets the Earth's surface.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
South Pole, also known as the Geographic South Pole or Terrestrial South Pole, is the southernmost point on the surface of the Earth. It lies on the continent of Antarctica, on the opposite side of the Earth from the North Pole.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
polar regions are the areas of the globe surrounding the poles also known as frigid zones. The North Pole and South Pole being the centers, these regions are dominated by the polar ice caps, resting respectively on the Arctic Ocean and the continent of Antarctica.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
2nd century - 3rd century
120s 130s 140s - 150s - 160s 170s 180s
147 148 149 - 150 - 151 152 153
..... Click the link for more information.
120s 130s 140s - 150s - 160s 170s 180s
147 148 149 - 150 - 151 152 153
..... Click the link for more information.
Anno Domini (Latin: (In)The year of (Our) Lord[1]), abbreviated as AD or A.D., defines an epoch based on the traditionally reckoned year of the conception or birth of Jesus of Nazareth.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Claudius Ptolemaeus (Greek: Κλαύδιος Πτολεμαῖος; after 83 – 161 AD), known in English as Ptolemy, was a Greek[1] or Egyptian
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
The Geographia is Ptolemy's main work besides the Almagest. It is a compilation of what was known about the world's geography in the Roman Empire of the 2nd century.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Terra Australis (also: Terra Australis Incognita (with "incognita" stressed on the second syllable), Latin for "the unknown land of the South"), was a theorised continent appearing on European maps from the 15th to the 18th century.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Centuries: 18th century - 19th century - 20th century
1770s 1780s 1790s - 1800s - 1810s 1820s 1830s
1800 1801 1802 1803 1804
1805 1806 1807 1808 1809
- -
-
..... Click the link for more information.
1770s 1780s 1790s - 1800s - 1810s 1820s 1830s
1800 1801 1802 1803 1804
1805 1806 1807 1808 1809
- -
-
Events and trends
Technology
..... Click the link for more information.
14th century - 15th century - 16th century
1450s 1460s 1470s - 1480s - 1490s 1500s 1510s
1484 1485 1486 - 1487 - 1488 1489 1490
:
Subjects: Archaeology - Architecture -
..... Click the link for more information.
1450s 1460s 1470s - 1480s - 1490s 1500s 1510s
1484 1485 1486 - 1487 - 1488 1489 1490
:
Subjects: Archaeology - Architecture -
..... Click the link for more information.
Bartolomeu Dias, sometimes Bartolomeu Dias de Novais (pron. IPA [baɾtulu'meu 'diɐʃ]; Anglicized: Bartholomew Diaz) (c.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Cape of Good Hope (Afrikaans: Kaap die Goeie Hoop, Dutch: Kaap de Goede Hoop, Portuguese: Cabo da Boa Esperança) is a rocky headland on the Atlantic coast of South Africa.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
14th century - 15th century - 16th century
1460s 1470s 1480s - 1490s - 1500s 1510s 1520s
1494 1495 1496 - 1497 - 1498 1499 1500
:
Subjects: Archaeology - Architecture -
..... Click the link for more information.
1460s 1470s 1480s - 1490s - 1500s 1510s 1520s
1494 1495 1496 - 1497 - 1498 1499 1500
:
Subjects: Archaeology - Architecture -
..... Click the link for more information.
Dom Vasco da Gama, 1st Count of Vidigueira (IPA: ['vaʃku dɐ 'gɐmɐ]) (Sines or Vidigueira, Alentejo, Portugal, ca.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
White River is a small holiday and farming town situated just north of Nelspruit in Mpumalanga, South Africa. The farms in the region produce tropical fruits, vegetables, flowers and timber.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
15th century - 16th century - 17th century
1490s 1500s 1510s - 1520s - 1530s 1540s 1550s
1519 1520 1521 - 1522 - 1523 1524 1525
:
Subjects: Archaeology - Architecture -
..... Click the link for more information.
1490s 1500s 1510s - 1520s - 1530s 1540s 1550s
1519 1520 1521 - 1522 - 1523 1524 1525
:
Subjects: Archaeology - Architecture -
..... Click the link for more information.
Ferdinand Magellan (Portuguese: Fernão de Magalhães, IPA pronunciation: /fɨɾ'nɐ̃ũ dɨ mɐgɐ'ʎɐ̃ĩʃ/; Spanish: Fernando
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
circumnavigate a place, such as an island, a continent, or the Earth, is to travel all the way around it by boat or ship. More recently, the term has also been used to cover aerial round-the-world flights.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
The Strait of Magellan is a navigable sea route immediately south of mainland Chile, South America and north of Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego. The strait is the most important natural passage between the Pacific and the Atlantic oceans, but it is considered a difficult route to
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
15th century - 16th century - 17th century
1490s 1500s 1510s - 1520s - 1530s 1540s 1550s
1522 1523 1524 - 1525 - 1526 1527 1528
:
Subjects: Archaeology - Architecture -
..... Click the link for more information.
1490s 1500s 1510s - 1520s - 1530s 1540s 1550s
1522 1523 1524 - 1525 - 1526 1527 1528
:
Subjects: Archaeology - Architecture -
..... Click the link for more information.
Francisco de Hoces (?, 1526?) was a Spanish sailor who in 1525 joined the LoaÃsa Expedition to the Spice Islands as commander of the vessel San Lesmes.
On January 1526, the San Lesmes
..... Click the link for more information.
On January 1526, the San Lesmes
..... Click the link for more information.
GarcÃa Jofre de LoaÃsa (c. 1490 – 1526), was a Spanish nobleman designated by King Charles I of Spain to command an expedition, known as the LoaÃsa expedition, which in 1525 was sent by the Western route to colonize the Spice Islands in the East Indies, thus crossing
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
This article is copied from an article on Wikipedia.org - the free encyclopedia created and edited by online user community. The text was not checked or edited by anyone on our staff. Although the vast majority of the wikipedia encyclopedia articles provide accurate and timely information please do not assume the accuracy of any particular article. This article is distributed under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License.
Herod_Archelaus