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Information about Levator Palpebrae Superioris Muscle

Levator muscle of upper eyelid
Rectus muscles:
2 = superior, 3 = inferior, 4 = medial, 5 = lateral
Oblique muscles: 6 = superior, 8 = inferior
Other muscle: 9 = levator palpebrae superioris
Other structures: 1 = Annulus of Zinn, 7 = Trochlea, 10 = Superior tarsus, 11 = Sclera, 12 = Optic nerve
Sagittal section of right orbital cavity.
Latinmusculus levator palpebrae superioris
subject #227 1021
Origin:sphenoid bone
Insertion:tarsal plate, upper eyelid
Artery:ophthalmic artery, superior ophthalmic vein
Nerve:oculomotor nerve
Action:retracts//elevates eyelid
Antagonist:orbicularis oculi muscle
Dorlands/Elsevier m_22/12549616
The levator palpebrae superioris (or levator muscle of upper eyelid) is the muscle in the orbit that elevates the superior (upper) eyelid.

Structure

The levator palpebrae superioris originates on the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone, just above the optic foramen. It inserts on the skin of the upper eyelid, as well as the superior tarsal plate. It is a skeletal muscle. The superior tarsal muscle, a smooth muscle, is attached to the levator palpebrae superioris, and inserts on the superior tarsal plate as well.

Innervation

As with most of the muscles of the orbit, it is innervated by the superior division of the oculomotor nerve (Cranial Nerve III). An adjoining smooth muscle, the superior tarsal muscle, is sympathetically innervated and is occasionally considered to be part of the levator palpebrae superioris.

Actions

The levator palpebrae superioris muscle elevates and retracts the upper eyelid.

Pathology

Damage to this muscle, or its innervation, can cause ptosis, the drooping of the eyelid. Ptosis can also be caused by damage to the adjoining superior tarsal muscle, or its sympathetic innervation. Such damage to the sympathetic supply occurs in Horner's syndrome, and presents as a partial ptosis.

Additional images


The sinuses at the base of the skull.

Nerves of the orbit. Seen from above.

Dissection showing origins of right ocular muscles, and nerves entering by the superior orbital fissure.

The right eye in sagittal section, showing the fascia bulbi (semidiagrammatic).

Sagittal section through the upper eyelid.


See also

External links

 •  • [ e]
Muscles of head and neck: the head
scalp/eyelidoccipitofrontalis (occipitalis, frontalis) - orbicularis oculi - corrugator supercilii - depressor supercilii
extraocularlevator palpebrae superioris - superior tarsal - rectus (superior, inferior, medial, lateral) - oblique (superior, inferior) - intraocular: ciliary - iris dilator - iris sphincter
earauriculares - temporoparietalis - stapedius - tensor tympani
noseprocerus - nasalis (dilatator naris) - depressor septi nasi - levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
mouthlevator anguli oris/depressor anguli oris - levator labii superioris/depressor labii inferioris - zygomaticus (major, minor) - mentalis - buccinator - orbicularis oris - risorius
masticationmasseter - temporalis - pterygoid (lateral, medial)
tongueextrinsic (genioglossus, hyoglossus, chondroglossus, styloglossus) - intrinsic (superior longitudinal, inferior longitudinal, transversus, verticalis)
soft palatelevator veli palatini - tensor veli palatini - musculus uvulae - palatoglossus - palatopharyngeus
pharynxpharyngeal constrictor (inferior, middle, superior) - stylopharyngeus - salpingopharyngeus
larynxcricothyroid - cricoarytenoid (posterior, lateral) - arytenoid - thyroarytenoid
The superior rectus muscle is a muscle in the orbit. It is one of the extraocular muscles.

It is innervated by the superior division of the oculomotor nerve (Cranial Nerve III).
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The inferior rectus muscle is a muscle in the orbit.

Actions

It depresses, adducts, rotates laterally, and extorts the eye.

Innervation

As with most of the muscles of the orbit, it is innervated by the oculomotor nerve (Cranial Nerve III).
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The medial rectus muscle is a muscle in the orbit.

As with most of the muscles of the orbit, it is innervated by the inferior division of the oculomotor nerve (Cranial Nerve III).
..... Click the link for more information.
lateral rectus muscle is a muscle in the orbit. It is one of six extraocular muscles that control the movements of the eye (abduction in this case) and the only muscle innervated by the abducens nerve, cranial nerve VI.
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For the abdominal muscle see: External oblique muscle

The superior oblique muscle, or obliquus oculi superior, is a fusiform muscle in the upper, medial side of the orbit whose primary action is intorsion and whose secondary actions are to abduct (laterally
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The Obliquus oculi inferior (inferior oblique) is a thin, narrow muscle, placed near the anterior margin of the floor of the orbit.

Action

Its actions are lateral rotation, elevation and abduction of the eye.
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The annulus of Zinn, also known as the annular tendon, circle of Zinn-Haller or common tendinous ring, is a ring of fibrous tissue surrounding the optic nerve at its entrance at the apex of the orbit. It is the origin for five of the six extraocular muscles.
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The Trochlea of superior oblique is a pulley structure in the eye through which the superior oblique muscle passes.

Additional images




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Tarsus (from the Greek ταρσός, for "flat basket") may refer to:
  • Tarsus (skeleton), the skeletal region between the tibia and fibula and the metatarsus
  • Tarsus (eyelids)
  • The final segment of an arthropod leg

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The sclera is the opaque (usually white), fibrous, protective layer of the eye containing collagen and elastic fibers.[1] In children, it is thinner and shows some of the underlying pigment, appearing slightly blue.
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Optic Nerve may be a reference to:
  • Optic nerve, the anatomical structure;
  • Optic Nerve (comic), the comic book series;
  • Optic Nerve (1998), the seminal release from the Irish hip hop act known as Exile Eye; or

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In sciences dealing with the anatomy of animals, precise anatomical terms of location are necessary for a variety of reasons. Non-scientists often wonder why zoological and human anatomists use complex terminology to describe locations on a body, when common terms like "up",
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Latin}}} 
Official status
Official language of: Vatican City
Used for official purposes, but not spoken in everyday speech
Regulated by: Opus Fundatum Latinitas
Roman Catholic Church
Language codes
ISO 639-1: la
ISO 639-2: lat
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bold refer to the diagram at right.)

In the skull (8):
  • 1-9. cranium
  • 7. mandible
''In the middle ears (6):
  • malleus
  • incus
  • stapes
In the throat (1):
  • hyoid
In the shoulder girdle (4):
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The sphenoid bone (from Greek sphenoeides, "wedgelike") is a bone situated at the base of the skull in front of the temporals and basilar part of the occipital bone.

The sphenoid bone somewhat resembles a butterfly or bat with its wings extended.
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bold refer to the diagram at right.)

In the skull (8):
  • 1-9. cranium
  • 7. mandible
''In the middle ears (6):
  • malleus
  • incus
  • stapes
In the throat (1):
  • hyoid
In the shoulder girdle (4):
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The tarsi (tarsal plates) are two thin, elongated plates of dense connective tissue, about 2.5 cm. in length; one is placed in each eyelid, and contributes to its form and support.
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An eyelid is a thin fold of skin and muscle that covers and protects an eye. With the exception of the prepuce and the labia minora, it has the thinnest skin of the whole body. The levator palpebrae superioris muscle retracts the eyelid to "open" the eye.
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Arteries are muscular blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.[1] All arteries, with the exception of the pulmonary and umbilical arteries, carry oxygenated blood.

The circulatory system is extremely important for sustaining life.
..... Click the link for more information.
The ophthalmic artery is a branch of the internal carotid artery which supplies branches to supply the eye and other structures in the orbit.

Branches

The branches of the ophthalmic artery are often subdivided into an orbital group and an ocular group [1] .
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  • Accessory nerve
  • Accessory obturator nerve
  • Alderman's nerve
  • Anococcygeal nerve
  • Ansa cervicalis
  • Anterior interosseous nerve
  • Anterior superior alveolar nerve
  • Aortic plexus
  • Auerbach's plexus
  • Auriculotemporal nerve
  • Axillary nerve

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The oculomotor nerve is the third of twelve paired cranial nerves. It controls most of the eye movements (cranial nerves IV and VI also do some), constriction of the pupil, and holding the eyelid open.
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Kinesiology is the scientific study of the anatomy, physiology, and mechanics of body movement, especially in humans. [1] The word kinesiology is derived the Greek "kinesis" (motion) + the suffix -ology or -logy from the greek "logos" or "logia"(meaning a field of study).
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Retraction is the anatomical term of motion for posterior movement of the arms at the shoulders

It is the opposite of protraction. Major muscles involved include:[1][2]
  • Rhomboid major muscle
  • Rhomboid minor muscle
  • Trapezius muscle

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Elevation, in kinesiology is the anatomical term of motion for movement in a superior direction.

It is the opposite of depression.

Muscles

  • elevation of the scapula at the shoulders (e.g.

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An eyelid is a thin fold of skin and muscle that covers and protects an eye. With the exception of the prepuce and the labia minora, it has the thinnest skin of the whole body. The levator palpebrae superioris muscle retracts the eyelid to "open" the eye.
..... Click the link for more information.
An antagonist is a kind of muscle that acts in opposition to the movement generated by the agonist and is responsible for returning a limb to its initial position.

Antagonistic pairs in houses

These antagonistic muscles are found in pairs called antagonistic pairs.
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The orbicularis oculi is a muscle in the face that closes the eyelids. It arises from the nasal part of the frontal bone, from the frontal process of the maxilla in front of the lacrimal groove, and from the anterior surface and borders of a short fibrous band, the medial
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Elsevier, the world's largest publisher of medical and scientific literature, forms part of the Reed Elsevier group. Based in Amsterdam, the company has substantial operations in the UK, USA and elsewhere.
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MUSCLE (multiple sequence comparison by log-expectation) is public domain, multiple sequence alignment software for protein and nucleotide sequences.
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