Information about Lawrence Roberts (scientist)
Lawrence G. Roberts (born 1937) has been described as one of the four persons most closely associated with the birth of the Internet, the other three being Leonard Kleinrock, Robert Kahn and Vinton Cerf. He was chairman and CTO of Caspian Networks, but left in early 2004. Caspian ceased operation in late 2006.[1] Roberts is now chairman and president of Anagran Inc., which he founded. Anagran continues work in the same area as Caspian: IP router/switches with improved QoS for the Internet.
The following is taken from his personal homepage.
Dr. Lawrence Roberts led the team that designed and developed ARPANET, the world's first major computer packet network. While at MIT in 1965 he created the first computer-to-computer network using a packet link between MIT and SDC. Based on that success, he moved to ARPA in 1966 as ARPA's chief scientist, and began to architect ARPANET in 1967 including the theoretical packet switching work by Leonard Kleinrock to expand the network to many nodes. Dr. Roberts designed and managed the building of the ARPANET over the next 6 years. The first four computers were connected in 1969 and by 1973, 23 computers were connected worldwide. At that point Dr, Roberts turned the development over to Bob Kahn and Vint Cerf and left ARPA to form the first commercial packet network, Telenet. Today, Roberts and Kleinrock, along with Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn, are widely recognized as the four founding fathers of the Internet.
Packet switching proved very controversial to communications people. Conventional opinion then held that packet switching could never work. Many of the University computer research centers also felt the network would steal their computer power. However, Roberts' team, in conjunction with contractor BBN, which assembled and installed the hardware, proved them both wrong and the network worked with much higher efficiency and utility than either group imagined. In 1971, in order to expand the utility of the network, Dr. Roberts wrote the first email application software, RD, to support listing, saving, forwarding and responding to email. This also became an instant success.
After ARPA, Dr. Roberts founded the world's first packet data communications carrier, Telenet - the company that developed and drove adoption of the popular X.25 data protocol. Roberts was CEO from 1973 to 1980. Telenet was sold to GTE in 1979 and subsequently became the data division of Sprint. From 1983 to 1993, Roberts was Chairman and CEO of NetExpress, an electronics company specializing in packetized fax and ATM equipment.
From 1993 to 1998 Dr. Roberts was President of ATM Systems, where he designed advanced ATM and Ethernet switches with QoS and Explicit Rate flow control. He proposed Explicit Rate to the ATM Forum in 1994 and spearheaded its development into ATM Forum recommendation TM 4.0 in 1996. He has also led the development of a protocol for ATM over Ethernet called Cells In Frames
In 1999 Dr. Roberts undertook to redesign the IP router (not the protocol) to route flows, not just random packets, to support high Quality of Service. (QoS) flows across the IP network. To do this he founded Caspian Networks which built highly capable flow routers that accomplished the goal of ATM quality QoS compatibly over IP networks. These routers were aimed at the network core and started deployment in 2003 for QoS sensitive applications like video conferencing and P2P traffic control. However, this first generation of flow routers was large, expensive, and did not take advantage of many simplifications that were possible. Thus, Dr. Roberts left Caspian in 2004 in order to create a more efficient and economic flow routing system.
In 2004 Roberts founded Anagran Inc. around the premise that the large, power hungry parts of a router are those associated with packet routing and packet queuing. His venture proposes that these could be greatly reduced if one routed flows, they created what they are calling "the second generation of flow routing." The Anagran flow router is claimed to eliminate 80% of the power and size normally required in prior L3 routers and also purports to virtually eliminate queuing delay and packet loss for both file transfers and streaming media, optimize utilization, and improve fairness. Instead of increasing complexity and cost, they suggest quality can be improved with less power, size and cost.
Dr. Roberts has B.S., M.S., and PhD. degrees from MIT. Today he lives in Silicon Valley.
The following is taken from his personal homepage.
Dr. Lawrence Roberts led the team that designed and developed ARPANET, the world's first major computer packet network. While at MIT in 1965 he created the first computer-to-computer network using a packet link between MIT and SDC. Based on that success, he moved to ARPA in 1966 as ARPA's chief scientist, and began to architect ARPANET in 1967 including the theoretical packet switching work by Leonard Kleinrock to expand the network to many nodes. Dr. Roberts designed and managed the building of the ARPANET over the next 6 years. The first four computers were connected in 1969 and by 1973, 23 computers were connected worldwide. At that point Dr, Roberts turned the development over to Bob Kahn and Vint Cerf and left ARPA to form the first commercial packet network, Telenet. Today, Roberts and Kleinrock, along with Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn, are widely recognized as the four founding fathers of the Internet.
Packet switching proved very controversial to communications people. Conventional opinion then held that packet switching could never work. Many of the University computer research centers also felt the network would steal their computer power. However, Roberts' team, in conjunction with contractor BBN, which assembled and installed the hardware, proved them both wrong and the network worked with much higher efficiency and utility than either group imagined. In 1971, in order to expand the utility of the network, Dr. Roberts wrote the first email application software, RD, to support listing, saving, forwarding and responding to email. This also became an instant success.
After ARPA, Dr. Roberts founded the world's first packet data communications carrier, Telenet - the company that developed and drove adoption of the popular X.25 data protocol. Roberts was CEO from 1973 to 1980. Telenet was sold to GTE in 1979 and subsequently became the data division of Sprint. From 1983 to 1993, Roberts was Chairman and CEO of NetExpress, an electronics company specializing in packetized fax and ATM equipment.
From 1993 to 1998 Dr. Roberts was President of ATM Systems, where he designed advanced ATM and Ethernet switches with QoS and Explicit Rate flow control. He proposed Explicit Rate to the ATM Forum in 1994 and spearheaded its development into ATM Forum recommendation TM 4.0 in 1996. He has also led the development of a protocol for ATM over Ethernet called Cells In Frames
In 1999 Dr. Roberts undertook to redesign the IP router (not the protocol) to route flows, not just random packets, to support high Quality of Service. (QoS) flows across the IP network. To do this he founded Caspian Networks which built highly capable flow routers that accomplished the goal of ATM quality QoS compatibly over IP networks. These routers were aimed at the network core and started deployment in 2003 for QoS sensitive applications like video conferencing and P2P traffic control. However, this first generation of flow routers was large, expensive, and did not take advantage of many simplifications that were possible. Thus, Dr. Roberts left Caspian in 2004 in order to create a more efficient and economic flow routing system.
In 2004 Roberts founded Anagran Inc. around the premise that the large, power hungry parts of a router are those associated with packet routing and packet queuing. His venture proposes that these could be greatly reduced if one routed flows, they created what they are calling "the second generation of flow routing." The Anagran flow router is claimed to eliminate 80% of the power and size normally required in prior L3 routers and also purports to virtually eliminate queuing delay and packet loss for both file transfers and streaming media, optimize utilization, and improve fairness. Instead of increasing complexity and cost, they suggest quality can be improved with less power, size and cost.
Dr. Roberts has B.S., M.S., and PhD. degrees from MIT. Today he lives in Silicon Valley.
Awards received
- Secretary of Defense Meritorious Service Medal
- AFIP Harry Goode Memorial Award - 1975
- IEEE Computer Pioneer Award
- L.M. Ericsson prize for research in data communications - 1981
- Computer Design Hall of Fame - 1982
- Interface Conference Award - 1982
- W. Wallace McDowell Award from the IEEE Computer Society – 1990
- ACM SIGCOMM Award - 1998
- IEEE 2000 Internet Award – 2000
- NAE Draper Award – 2001
- Principe de Asturias Award – 2002
- NEC C&C Award -2005
External links
- Personal page
- Computer Networks: The Heralds of Resource Sharing, documentray ca. 1972 about the ARPANET. Includes footage of Lawrence Roberts.
References
19th century - 20th century - 21st century
1890s 1900s 1910s - 1920s - 1930s 1940s 1950s
1926 1927 1928 - 1929 - 1930 1931 1932
Year 1937 (MCMXXXVII
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1890s 1900s 1910s - 1920s - 1930s 1940s 1950s
1926 1927 1928 - 1929 - 1930 1931 1932
Year 1937 (MCMXXXVII
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Leonard Kleinrock, Ph.D. (born June 13, 1934 in New York) is a computer scientist, and a professor of computer science at UCLA, who made several important contributions to the field of computer networking, in particular to the theoretical side of computer networking.
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Robert E. Kahn
Born November 23 1938
Nationality USA
Field Computer Science
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Born November 23 1938
Nationality USA
Field Computer Science
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Vinton Gray Cerf
Born May 23 1943
New Haven, Connecticut
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Born May 23 1943
New Haven, Connecticut
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router is a device that extracts the destination of a packet it receives, selects the best path to that destination, and forwards data packets to the next device along this path.[1] They connect networks together; a LAN to a WAN for example, to access the Internet.
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A network switch is a computer networking device that connects network segments.
Low-end network switches appear nearly identical to network hubs, but a switch contains more "intelligence" (and a slightly higher price tag) than a network hub.
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Low-end network switches appear nearly identical to network hubs, but a switch contains more "intelligence" (and a slightly higher price tag) than a network hub.
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The abbreviation QOS could refer to one of several things:
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- Quality of service (QoS), a measure of the reliability of a computer network or telephone service
- Quarterdeck Office Systems, a software company that is now part of Symantec
- Queen of the South F.C.
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private, coeducational research university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts. MIT has five schools and one college, containing 32 academic departments,[3]
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Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
Agency overview
Formed 1958
Employees 240
Annual Budget $3.2 billion
Agency Executive Anthony J. Tether, Director
Website
www.darpa.
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Agency overview
Formed 1958
Employees 240
Annual Budget $3.2 billion
Agency Executive Anthony J. Tether, Director
Website
www.darpa.
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The ARPANET, developed by DARPA of the United States Department of Defense, was the world's first operational packet switching network, and the predecessor of the global Internet.
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Packet switching is a communications paradigm in which packets (discrete blocks of data) are routed between nodes over data links shared with other traffic. In each network node, packets are queued or buffered, resulting in variable delay.
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Telenet was a packet switched network which went into service in 1975. It was the first publicly available commercial packet-switched network service. [1]
The original founding company, Telenet Inc.
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The original founding company, Telenet Inc.
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X.25 is an ITU-T standard protocol suite for connection to packet switched wide area networks using leased lines, the phone or ISDN system as the networking hardware. It was developed before the OSI Reference Model or the equivalent Network Access Layer of the DoD protocol model,
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GTE Corporation
Defunct
Founded 1918
Headquarters Irving, Texas, USA
Industry Communications Services
Products Internet access, Local wireline and wireless telecommunication services
Website www.verizon.
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Defunct
Founded 1918
Headquarters Irving, Texas, USA
Industry Communications Services
Products Internet access, Local wireline and wireless telecommunication services
Website www.verizon.
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Sprint Nextel Corporation
Public (NYSE: S )
Founded 1899[1]
Headquarters Reston, Virginia, USA (Executive Headquarters)
Overland Park, Kansas, USA (Operational Headquarters)
Key people Paul Saleh, acting CEO
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Public (NYSE: S )
Founded 1899[1]
Headquarters Reston, Virginia, USA (Executive Headquarters)
Overland Park, Kansas, USA (Operational Headquarters)
Key people Paul Saleh, acting CEO
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ATM or atm may refer to:
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- Automated teller machine, a cash dispenser or cash machine
- Atmosphere (unit) ("atm"), a unit of atmospheric pressure
- Asynchronous Transfer Mode, a telecommunications protocol used in networking
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Ethernet is a family of frame-based computer networking technologies for local area networks (LANs). The name comes from the physical concept of the ether. It defines a number of wiring and signaling standards for the physical layer, through means of network access at the Media
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core router is a router designed to operate in the Internet backbone, or core. To fulfill this role, a router must be able to support multiple telecommunications interfaces of the highest speed in use in the core Internet and must be able to forward IP packets at full speed on all
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The ARPANET, developed by DARPA of the United States Department of Defense, was the world's first operational packet switching network, and the predecessor of the global Internet.
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