Information about Kaluga
This article is about a city in Russia. For the fish named "Kaluga" see Kaluga (fish)
| Kaluga (English) Калуг? (Russian) | |
|---|---|
) Kaluga (Russia) Location of Kaluga on the map of Russia | |
| Coordinates Coordinates: | |
| Coat of Arms | Flag |
) | ) |
| City Day: Second Saturday of September | |
| Administrative status | |
| Federal subject In jurisdiction of Administrative center of | Kaluga Oblast Kaluga Oblast Kaluga Oblast |
| Local self-government | |
| Charter | Charter of Kaluga |
| Municipal status | Urban okrug |
| City Head | Nikolay Lyubimov (acting) |
| Legislative body | City Duma |
| Area | |
| Area | n/a |
| Population (as of the 2002 Census) | |
| Population - Rank - Density | inhabitants 53rd n/a |
| Events | |
| Founded | 1371 |
| Other information | |
| Postal code | 248xxx |
| Dialing code | +7 4842 |
| Official website | |
| [1] | |
Kaluga was founded in the mid-14th century as a border fortress on the southwestern borders of the Muscovy. It was first mentioned by its present name in 1371. In the Middle Ages, Kaluga was a minor settlement owned by the Princes Vorotynsky. The ancestral home of these princes is located south-west from the modern city.
Kaluga is connected to Moscow by a railway line and the ancient roadway (E105 International highway) which is known as the Kaluga road.
This road was the favoured escape route from the Moscow trap for Napoleon in the fall of 1812. But General Kutuzov repelled Napoleon's advances in this direction and forced the retreating French army onto the old Smolensk road, previously devastated by the French during their invasion of Russia.
Kaluga was occupied by the Nazi armies in 1941.
Kaluga is known for its most famous resident, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, a rocket science pioneer who worked here as a school teacher. There is a museum in Kaluga dedicated to his theoretical achievements and their practical implementations for modern space research, hence the motto on the city's coat of arms: "The Cradle of Space Exploration".
In May 2007, Volkswagen announced a new assembly plant in Kaluga, to be finished by 2009. It is expected that the investment will surpass 370 million Euro. The plant will begin assembly of the Skoda Octavia in 2008, and by 2009 production will begin with the models Passat, Touareg and Polo. At its peak, the VW Kaluga plant is planned to produce 115,000 vehicles per year.
Notable people
- Vadim Kosmatschof (born in 1938 in Kaluga), sculptor and painter
- Konstantin Tsiolkovsky
- Imam Shamil
External links
- Article in German about Kaluga plant
- Regional Information
- Konstantin E. Tsiolkovsky State Museum of the History of Cosmonautics, official website
The Kaluga (Huso dauricus) is a large predatory sturgeon found in the Amur River basin. Also known as the Great Siberian Sturgeon, they are claimed to be the largest freshwater fish in the world, with a maximum weight of at least 1000 kg.
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geographic coordinate system enables every location on the earth to be specified by the three coordinates of a spherical coordinate system aligned with the spin axis of the Earth.
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geographic coordinate system enables every location on the earth to be specified by the three coordinates of a spherical coordinate system aligned with the spin axis of the Earth.
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Heraldry in its most general sense encompasses all matters relating to the duties and responsibilities of officers of arms.[1] To most, though, heraldry is the practice of designing, displaying, describing, and recording coats of arms and badges.
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flag is a piece of woven cloth, often flown from a pole or mast, generally used symbolically for signalling or identification. The term flag is also used to refer to the graphic design employed by a flag, or to its depiction in another medium.
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Russia
This article is part of the series:
Politics of Russia
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This article is part of the series:
Politics of Russia
- Constitution
- President: Vladimir Putin
- Presidential Administration
- Security Council
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Калужская област?
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- For other uses of charter, see Charter (disambiguation).
A charter is a document bestowing certain rights on a town, city, university, land or institution; sometimes used as a loan of money.
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A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "larger", "greater") is the modern title of the highest ranking municipal officer.
In many systems, the mayor is an elected politician who serves as chief executive and/or ceremonial official of many types of
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In many systems, the mayor is an elected politician who serves as chief executive and/or ceremonial official of many types of
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A legislature is a type of representative deliberative assembly with the power to adopt laws.
Legislatures are known by many names, the most common being parliament and congress, although these terms also have more specific meanings.
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Legislatures are known by many names, the most common being parliament and congress, although these terms also have more specific meanings.
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Area is a physical quantity expressing the size of a part of a surface. The term Surface area is the summation of the areas of the exposed sides of an object.
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Units
Units for measuring surface area include:- square metre = SI derived unit
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Births: 1,476,300 (2006) [1]
Deaths: 2,165,700 (2006)
Population Growth Rate (2007 est. CIA): -0.484% [2]
Birth rate: 10.92 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Death rate: 16.
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Deaths: 2,165,700 (2006)
Population Growth Rate (2007 est. CIA): -0.484% [2]
Birth rate: 10.92 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Death rate: 16.
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For other uses, see Russian Census.
Russian Census of 2002 (Russian: Всеросси́йская
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This is a list of cities and towns in Russia with population over 50,000, grouped by federal subject and sorted by population. Administrative centers of federal subjects are listed in bold text. All population figures are official results of the Russian Census (2002).
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Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, humans in particular.
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Biological population densities
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postal code (known in various countries as a post code, postcode, or ZIP code) is a series of letters and/or digits appended to a postal address for the purpose of sorting mail.
Germany was the first country to introduce a postal code system, in 1941.
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Germany was the first country to introduce a postal code system, in 1941.
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A website (alternatively, Web site or web site) is a collection of Web pages, images, videos or other digital assets that is hosted on one or several Web server(s), usually accessible via the Internet, cell phone or a LAN.
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Russian}}}
Writing system: Cyrillic (Russian variant)
Official status
Official language of: Abkhazia (Georgia)
Belarus
Commonwealth of Independent States (working)
Crimea (de facto; Ukraine)
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Writing system: Cyrillic (Russian variant)
Official status
Official language of: Abkhazia (Georgia)
Belarus
Commonwealth of Independent States (working)
Crimea (de facto; Ukraine)
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Types of inhabited localities in Russia, Soviet Union, and some other post-Soviet states have certain peculiarities compared to systems in other countries.
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Modern classification
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Anthem
Hymn of the Russian Federation
Capital
(and largest city) Moscow
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Hymn of the Russian Federation
Capital
(and largest city) Moscow
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Mouth Volga River
Basin countries Russia
Length 1,500 km (932 mi)
Avg. discharge 1,300 m³/s
Basin area 245,000 km²
Oka (Russian: Ока́
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Basin countries Russia
Length 1,500 km (932 mi)
Avg. discharge 1,300 m³/s
Basin area 245,000 km²
Oka (Russian: Ока́
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Москв? (Russian)
Location of Moscow in Europe
Coordinates
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Location of Moscow in Europe
Coordinates
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Калужская област?
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For other uses, see Russian Census.
Russian Census of 2002 (Russian: Всеросси́йская
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The 1989 Soviet Census was the final and most comprehensive census taken within the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
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Findings
The census officially recorded the population of the USSR at 286,717,000, making it the third most populous country in the world...... Click the link for more information.
Grabtsevo Airport (Russian: Аэропорт Грабцево) (IATA: KLF, ICAO: UUBC
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Grand Duchy of Moscow (Russian: Великое княжество Московское
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Vorotynsky was one of the most eminent Rurikid princely houses of Muscovite Russia. Their lands lay principally in the Upper Oka region and comprised the towns of Peremyshl and Vorotynsk as well as parts (дольницы) of Novosil and
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- For an air base, see Vorotynsk air base.
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The E105 is part of the International E-road network, which is a series of main roads in Europe.
The E105 starts from Kirkenes, Norway and runs along the Russian route M18 and Russian route M2 to Yalta, Ukraine.
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The E105 starts from Kirkenes, Norway and runs along the Russian route M18 and Russian route M2 to Yalta, Ukraine.
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