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Information about John Howard Northrop

John Howard Northrop
BornMay 5 1891(1891--)
Yonkers, United States
DiedMay 27 1987 (aged 97)
Wickenburg, Arizona, United States
InstitutionsColumbia University
Academic advisor  Jacques Loeb
Notable prizes Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1946)
John Howard Northrop (July 5 1891 – May 27 1987) was an American biochemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1946 (with James Batcheller Sumner and Wendell Meredith Stanley) for purifying and crystallizing certain enzymes.

Early Life

Northrop was born in Yonkers, New York two a a family having a long histrory in America. His father a trained zoologist died in an lab explosion two weeks before John was born. He was educated at Columbia University, where he earned his PhD in chemistry in 1915. During World War I, he conducted research for the U.S. Army Chemical Warfare Service on the production of acetone and ethanol through fermentation. This work led to studying enzymes.

Work

In 1929 he isolated and crystallized the gastric enzyme pepsin and determined that it was a protein and in 1938 he isolated and crystallized the first bacteriophage (a small virus that attacks bacteria), and determined that it was a nucleoprotein. Northrop also isolated and crystallized pepsinogen (the precursor to pepsin), trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidase.

His 1939 book Crystalline Enzymes was an important text. Northrop was employed by the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research in New York City from 1916 to 1961, at which time he retired. Northrop died in Wickenburg, Arizona.

His daughter Alice married Frederick C. Robbins, who was awarded Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1954.

Later Life

John Howard Northrop commited suicide May 27 1987.

External links


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Nobel Prize in Chemistry Laureates
Theodor Svedberg (1926) • Heinrich Wieland (1927) • Adolf Windaus (1928) • Arthur Harden / Hans von Euler-Chelpin (1929) • Hans Fischer (1930) • Carl Bosch / Friedrich Bergius (1931) • Irving Langmuir (1932) • Harold Urey (1934) • Frdric Joliot-Curie / Irne Joliot-Curie (1935) • Peter Debye (1936) • Walter Haworth / Paul Karrer (1937) • Richard Kuhn (1938) • Adolf Butenandt / Lavoslav Ružička (1939) • George de Hevesy (1943) • Otto Hahn (1944) • Artturi Virtanen (1945) • James B. Sumner / John Northrop / Wendell Meredith Stanley (1946) • Robert Robinson (1947) • Arne Tiselius (1948) • William Giauque (1949) • Otto Diels / Kurt Alder (1950)
May 5 is the 1st day of the year (2nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 0 days remaining.

Events

  • 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins.

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Yonkers, New York
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Town of Wickenburg, Arizona

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Location in Maricopa County and the state of Arizona
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State Arizona
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"In God We Trust"   (since 1956)
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Columbia University is a private university in the United States and a member of the Ivy League. Its main campus lies in the Morningside Heights neighborhood of the borough of Manhattan, in New York City.
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Jacques Loeb (born April 7, 1859, in Mayen, Rhineland-Palatinate; died February 11, 1924, in Hamilton, Bermuda) was a German-born American physiologist and biologist.

Biography

Loeb was educated at the universities of Berlin, Munich, and Strasburg (M.D. 1884).
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Nobel Prize in Chemistry (Swedish: Nobelpriset i kemi) is awarded once a year by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. It is one of the six Nobel Prizes. The first prize was awarded in 1901.
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July 5 is the 1st day of the year (2nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 0 days remaining.

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18th century - 19th century - 20th century
1860s  1870s  1880s  - 1890s -  1900s  1910s  1920s
1888 1889 1890 - 1891 - 1892 1893 1894

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Subjects:     Archaeology - Architecture -
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May 27 is the 1st day of the year (2nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 0 days remaining.

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19th century - 20th century - 21st century
1950s  1960s  1970s  - 1980s -  1990s  2000s  2010s
1984 1985 1986 - 1987 - 1988 1989 1990

Year 1987 (MCMLXXXVII
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Motto
"In God We Trust"   (since 1956)
"E Pluribus Unum"   ("From Many, One"; Latin, traditional)
Anthem
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Nobel Prize in Chemistry (Swedish: Nobelpriset i kemi) is awarded once a year by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. It is one of the six Nobel Prizes. The first prize was awarded in 1901.
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James B. Sumner
Born November 19 1887(1887--)
Canton, Massachusetts, United States
Died July 12 1955 (aged 69)
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Wendell Meredith Stanley
Born July 16 1904(1904--)
Ridgeville, Indiana, United States
Died May 15 1971 (aged 68)
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Yonkers, New York
A statue of Ella Fitzgerald in front of the train station and new public library

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Location in the State of New York
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Country United States
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Zoology (from Greek: ζῴον, zoion, "animal"; and λόγος, logos, "knowledge") is the biological discipline which involves the study of animals.
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Columbia University is a private university in the United States and a member of the Ivy League. Its main campus lies in the Morningside Heights neighborhood of the borough of Manhattan, in New York City.
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Clockwise from top: Trenches on the Western Front; a British Mark IV tank crossing a trench; Royal Navy battleship HMS Irresistible sinking after striking a mine at the Battle of the Dardanelles; a Vickers machine gun crew with gas masks, and German Albatros D.
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The chemical compound acetone (also known as propanone, dimethyl ketone, 2-propanone, propan-2-one and β-ketopropane) is the simplest representative of the ketones.
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Ethanol, also known as ethyl alcohol, drinking alcohol or grain alcohol, is a flammable, colorless, slightly toxic chemical compound, and is best known as the alcohol found in alcoholic beverages.
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Fermentation is a process of energy production in a cell under anaerobic conditions (with no oxygen required). In common usage fermentation is a type of anaerobic respiration, however a more strict definition exists which defines fermentation as respiration under anaerobic
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Pepsin is a digestive protease (EC 3.4.23.1 ) released by the chief cells in the stomach that functions to degrade food proteins into peptides.

According to American Heritage Dictionary, pepsin derives from the Greek word pepsis, meaning digestion (
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Proteins are large organic compounds made of amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of adjacent amino acid residues.
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bacteriophage (from 'bacteria' and Greek phagein, 'to eat') is any one of a number of viruses that infect bacteria. The term is commonly used in its shortened form, phage.

Typically, bacteriophages consist of an outer protein hull enclosing genetic material.
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Bacteria

Phyla

Actinobacteria
Aquificae
Chlamydiae
Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi
Chloroflexi
Chrysiogenetes
Cyanobacteria
Deferribacteres
Deinococcus-Thermus
Dictyoglomi
Fibrobacteres/Acidobacteria
Firmicutes
Fusobacteria
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