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Information about Jebel Barkal

Gebel Barkal and the Sites of the Napatan Region*
UNESCO World Heritage Site
State Party
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TypeCultural
Criteriai, ii, iii, iv, vi
Reference1073
RegionArab States
Inscription History
Inscription2003  (27th Session)
* Name as inscribed on World Heritage List.
† Region as classified by UNESCO.


Jebel Barkal or Gebel Barkal (Arabic: جبل بركل) is a small mountain located some 400 km north of Khartoum, in Sudan, on a large bend of the Nile River, in the region called Nubia. Around 1450 BC, the Egyptian Pharaoh Thutmose III extended his empire to that region and considered Gebel Barkal its southern limit. There, he founded the city of Napata that, about 300 years later, became the capital of the independent kingdom of Kush. The 25th Dynasty Nubian king Piye later greatly enlarged the New Kingdom Temple of Amun in this city and erected his Year 20 Victory stela within it.

The ruins around Gebel Barkal include at least 13 temples and 3 palaces, that were for the first described by european explorers in the 1820’s, although only in 1916 archeological excavations were started by George Reisner under a joint expedition of Harvard University and the Museum of Fine Arts of Boston. From the 1970’s, explorations continued by a team from the University of Rome La Sapienza, under the direction of Sergio Donadoni, that was joined by another team from the Boston Museum, in the 1980’s, under the direction of Timothy Kendall. The larger temples, such that of Amon, are even today considered sacred to the local population.

For these reasons, the mountain, together with the historical city of Napata and other ancient sites, were considered by UNESCO, in 2003, World Heritage Sites.

The mountain is 98 m tall, has a flat top, and apparently was used as a landmark by the traders in the important route between central Africa, Arabia, and Egypt, as the point where it was easier to cross the great river.

Pictures of Jebel Barkal and the pyramids


Jebel Barkal

Pyramides nabij Jebel Barkal


See also

External links

Coordinates:
A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a specific site (such as a forest, mountain, lake, desert, monument, building, complex, or city) that has been nominated and confirmed for inclusion on the list maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO
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State Party Natural WHS Cultural WHS Mixed WHS Total WHS Zone
 Afghanistan 2 2 Asia-Pacific
 Albania 2 2 Europe & North America
 Algeria 6 1 7 Arab States
 Andorra 1 1 Europe & North America
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Arab World (Arabic: العالم العربي; Transliteration: al-`alam al-`arabi) stretches from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Arabian Sea
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al-‘Arabiyyah in written Arabic (Kufic script):  
Pronunciation: /alˌʕa.raˈbij.ja/
Spoken in: Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman,
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mountain is a landform that extends above the surrounding terrain in a limited area. A mountain is generally steeper than a hill, but there is no universally accepted standard definition for the height of a mountain or a hill although a mountain usually has an identifiable
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Al-Khartoum, Sudan
الخرطوم

Seal
Nickname: The Triangular City
Khartoum's location in Sudan
Coordinates:
Government
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Motto
"Al-Nasr Lana"   (Arabic)
"Victory is Ours"
Anthem
نحن جند للہ جند الوطن   (Arabic)

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Origin Africa
Mouth Mediterranean Sea
Basin countries Sudan, Burundi, Rwanda, DR Congo, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Ethiopia, Egypt
Length 6,650 km (4,132 mi)
Source elevation 1,134 m (3,721 ft)

Avg.
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Nubia (not to be confused with Nuba, a collective term used for the peoples who inhabit the Nuba Mountains, in Kordofan province, Sudan, Africa) is the region in the south of Egypt, along the Nile and in northern Sudan.
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15th century BC - 14th century BC

1480s BC 1470s BC 1460s BC - 1450s BC - 1440s BC 1430s BC 1420s BC
1459 BC 1458 BC 1457 BC 1456 BC 1455 BC
1454 BC 1453 BC 1452 BC 1451 BC 1450 BC

- - State leaders - Sovereign states
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Events and trends


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    Gumhūriyyat Miṣr al-ʿArabiyyah
    Arab Republic of Egypt


    Flag Coat of arms
    Anthem
    Bilady, Bilady, Bilady
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    Dynasties of Pharaohs
    in Ancient Egypt
    Predynastic Egypt
    Protodynastic Period
    Early Dynastic Period
    1st 2nd
    Old Kingdom
    3rd 4th 5th 6th
    First Intermediate Period
    7th 8th 9th 10th
    11th (Thebes only)

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    Kanakht Khaemwaset
    Mighty Bull, Arising in Thebes

    Nebty
    name

    <hiero>G16</hiero>
    <hiero>-V29-sw-t-i-i-ra:Z1-mi-m-Q3*X1:N1-</hiero> Wahnesytmireempet
    Enduring in kingship like Re in heaven

    Golden
    Horus
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    Napata was a city on the west bank of the Nile River, some 400 km north of Khartoum, the present capital of Sudan. It was built around 1450 BC, by the Nubians.

    The Rise of Napata

    Since Early Dynastic times, Egyptians had been interested in Nubia, an area very rich in gold.
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    Kush was a civilization centered in the region of Nubia, located in what is today northern Sudan. One of the earliest civilizations to develop in the Nile River Valley, Kushite states rose to power before a period of Egyptian incursion into the area.
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    Piye, whose name was once transliterated as Py(ankh)i. (d. 721 BC) was a Kushite king and founder of the Twenty-fifth dynasty of Egypt who ruled Egypt from the city of Napata, located deep in Nubia, Sudan.
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    Europe is one of the seven traditional continents of the Earth. Physically and geologically, Europe is the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, west of Asia. Europe is bounded to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the west by the Atlantic Ocean, to the south by the Mediterranean Sea,
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    18th century - 19th century - 20th century
    1790s  1800s  1810s  - 1820s -  1830s  1840s  1850s
    1817 1818 1819 - 1820 - 1821 1822 1823

    :
    Subjects:     Archaeology - Architecture -
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    19th century - 20th century - 21st century
    1880s  1890s  1900s  - 1910s -  1920s  1930s  1940s
    1913 1914 1915 - 1916 - 1917 1918 1919

    Year 1916 (MCMXVI
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    George Andrew Reisner (November 5, 1867 – June 6, 1942) was an American archaeologist of Ancient Egypt.

    He was born in Indianapolis, Indiana and died in Giza, Egypt.
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    Harvard University (incorporated as The President and Fellows of Harvard College) is a private university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA and a member of the Ivy League.
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    Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

    Established 1870
    Location Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts
    Director Malcolm Rogers
    Website www.mfa.
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    Boston, Massachusetts

    Flag
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    Nickname: Beantown, The Hub (of the Universe), The Cradle of Liberty, City on the Hill, Athens of America
    Location in Suffolk County in Massachusetts, USA
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    1940s  1950s  1960s  - 1970s -  1980s  1990s  2000s
    1967 1968 1969 - 1970 - 1971 1972 1973

    Year 1970 (MCMLXX
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    University of Rome La Sapienza (Italian Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza") is the largest European university and the most ancient of Rome's three public universities [2] . In Italian, Sapienza means "wisdom" or "knowledge".
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    Amon can refer to:
    • an alternate spelling of Amun, an Egyptian god
    • Amon (demon)
    • Amon (Formula One team)
    • the former name of Deicide (band)
    • the word for "mountain" in Sindarin, an artificial language created by J. R. R.

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    History is the study of the past, focused on human activity and leading up to the present day.[1] More precisely, history is the continuous, systematic narrative and research of past events as relating to the human race [1]
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    Napata was a city on the west bank of the Nile River, some 400 km north of Khartoum, the present capital of Sudan. It was built around 1450 BC, by the Nubians.

    The Rise of Napata

    Since Early Dynastic times, Egyptians had been interested in Nubia, an area very rich in gold.
    ..... Click the link for more information.


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