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Information about J2ee

Java Platforms
Micro Edition (ME)
Standard Edition (SE)
Enterprise Edition (EE)


Java Platform, Enterprise Edition or Java EE is a widely used platform for server programming in the Java programming language. The Java EE Platform differs from the Standard Edition (SE) of Java in that it adds additional libraries which provide functionality to deploy fault-tolerant, distributed, multi-tier Java software, based largely on modular components running on an application server.

Nomenclature, standards and specifications

The platform was known as Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition or J2EE until the name was changed to Java EE in version 1.5.

Java EE is defined by its specification. As with other Java Community Process specifications, Java EE is also considered informally to be a standard since providers must agree to certain conformance requirements in order to declare their products as Java EE compliant; albeit with no ISO or ECMA standard.

Java EE includes several API specifications, such as JDBC, RMI, e-mail, JMS, web services, XML, etc, and defines how to coordinate them. Java EE also features some specifications unique to Java EE for components. These include Enterprise JavaBeans, servlets, portlets (following the Java Portlet specification), JavaServer Pages and several web service technologies. This allows developers to create enterprise applications that are portable and scalable, and that integrate with legacy technologies. A Java EE "application server" can handle the transactions, security, arity, scalability, "gender", concurrency and management of the components that are deployed to it, meaning that the developers can concentrate more on the business logic of the components rather than on infrastructure and integration tasks.

History

Main article: Java EE version history


The original J2EE specification was developed by Sun Microsystems.

The J2EE 1.2 SDK was released in December 1999.

Starting with J2EE 1.3, the specification was developed under the Java Community Process. JSR 58 specifies J2EE 1.3 and JSR 151 specifies the J2EE 1.4 specification.

The J2EE 1.3 SDK was first released by Sun as a beta in April 2001. The J2EE 1.4 SDK beta was released by Sun in December 2002.

The Java EE 5 specification was developed under JSR 244 and the final release was made on May 11, 2006.

The Java EE 6 specification is being developed under JSR 316 and is scheduled for release in 2008.

General APIs

The Java EE APIs includes several technologies that extend the functionality of the base Java SE APIs.

javax.ejb.*

The Enterprise JavaBeans API defines a set of APIs that a distributed object container will support in order to provide persistence, remote procedure calls (using RMI or RMI-IIOP), concurrency control, and access control for distributed objects.

javax.naming

The javax.naming, javax.naming.directory, javax.naming.event, javax.naming.ldap and javax.naming.spi packages define the Java Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI) API.

java.sql, javax.sql

The java.sql and javax.sql packages define the Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) API.

java.transaction.*

These packages define the Java Transaction API (JTA).

javax.xml.*

These packages define the JAXP API. This is used for XML parsing.

javax.jms.*

These packages define the Java Message Service (JMS) API.

javax.jws.*

These packages define the JAX-WS API responsible for web services support.

Java EE 5 application server certified

J2EE 1.4 application server certified

J2EE 1.3 application server certified

  • JRun Application Server from Macromedia

Publications

  • Perrone, Paul J.; Chaganti, Krishna (2003). J2EE Developer's Handbook. Indianapolis, Indiana: Sam's Publishing. ISBN 0-672-32348-6. 
  • Bodoff, Stephanie (2004). The J2EE Tutorial. Boston: Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-321-24575-X. 
  • Solveig Haugland, Mark Cade, Anthony Orapallo: J2EE 1.4: The Big Picture, Prentice Hall, ISBN 0-13-148010-3
  • Alan Monnox: Rapid J2EE Development: An Adaptive Foundation for Enterprise Applications, Prentice Hall, ISBN 0-13-147220-8
  • Renaud Pawlak, Lionel Seinturier, Jean-Philippe Retaillé: Foundations of AOP for J2EE Development, ISBN 1-59059-507-6
  • Christopher Judd, Hakeem Shittu: Pro Eclipse JST: Plug-ins for J2EE Development, ISBN 1-59059-493-2

See also

External links

Examples of Java EE application servers

In computing, the Java Platform, Micro Edition or Java ME (previously known as Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition or J2ME) is a specification of a subset of the Java platform aimed at providing a certified collection of Java APIs for the development of software for
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Java Platform, Standard Edition or Java SE is a widely used platform for programming in the Java language. It is the Java Platform used to deploy portable applications for general use.
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In computing, a platform describes some sort of framework, either in hardware or software, which allows software to run. Typical platforms include a computer's architecture, operating system, or programming languages and their runtime libraries.
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Server Computer

The inside/front of a server computer

Connects to:
  • Internet via one of

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Java

Paradigm: Object-oriented, structured, imperative
Appeared in: 1995
Designed by: Sun Microsystems
Typing discipline: Static, strong, safe, nominative
Major implementations: Numerous
Influenced by: Objective-C, C++, Smalltalk, Eiffel,[1]
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Java Platform, Standard Edition or Java SE is a widely used platform for programming in the Java language. It is the Java Platform used to deploy portable applications for general use.
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Distributed computing is a method of computer processing in which different parts of a program run simultaneously on two or more computers that are communicating with each other over a network.
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In software engineering, multi-tier architecture (often referred to as n-tier architecture) is a client-server architecture, originally designed by Jonathon Bolster of Hematites Corp, in which an application is executed by more than one distinct software agent.
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Application software is a subclass of computer software that employs the capabilities of a computer directly and thoroughly to a task that the user wishes to perform. This should be contrasted with system software which is involved in integrating a computer's various capabilities,
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Component-based software engineering (CBSE) (also known as Component-Based Development (CBD) or Software Componentry) is a branch of the software engineering discipline, with emphasis on decomposition of the engineered systems into functional or logical components
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An application server is a software engine that delivers applications to client computers or devices. Moreover, an application server handles most, if not all, of the business logic and data access of the application (a.k.a. centralization).
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A program specification is the definition of what a computer program is expected to do. It can be informal, in which case it can be considered as a blueprint or user manual from a developer point of view, or formal
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The Java Community Process or JCP, established in 1998, is a formalized process which allows interested parties to be involved in the definition of future versions and features of the Java platform.
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standardization or standardisation can have several meanings depending on its context. Common use of the word standard implies that it is a universally agreed-upon set of guidelines for interoperability.
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International Organization for Standardization (Organisation internationale de normalisation), widely known as ISO, is an international standard-setting body composed of representatives from various national standards organizations.
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Ecma International is an international, private (membership-based) standards organization for information and communication systems. It acquired its name in 1994, when the European Computer Manufacturers Association
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An application programming interface (API) is a source code interface that an operating system or library provides to support requests for services to be made of it by computer programs.
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JDBC is an API for the Java programming language that defines how a client may access a database. It provides methods for querying and updating data in a database. JDBC is oriented towards relational databases.
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Java Remote Method Invocation API, or Java RMI, is a Java application programming interface for performing the object equivalent of remote procedure calls.

There are two common implementations of the API.
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E-mail (short for electronic mail; often also abbreviated as e-mail, email or simply mail) is a store and forward method of composing, sending, storing, and receiving messages over electronic communication systems.
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The Java Message Service (JMS) API is a Java Message Oriented Middleware (MOM) API for sending messages between two or more clients. JMS is a specification developed under the Java Community Process as JSR 914.

Version history

  • JMS 1.0.

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The W3C defines a Web service (many sources also capitalize the second word, as in Web Services) as "a software system designed to support interoperable Machine to Machine interaction over a network.
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Extensible Markup Language

File extension: .xml
MIME type: application/xml, text/xml (deprecated)
Uniform Type Identifier: public.xml
Developed by: World Wide Web Consortium
Type of format: Markup language
Extended from: SGML
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Enterprise Java Beans (EJB) is a managed, server-side component architecture for modular construction of enterprise applications.

The EJB specification is one of the several Java APIs in the Java Platform, Enterprise Edition.
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The Java Servlet API allows a software developer to add dynamic content to a Web server using the Java platform. The generated content is commonly HTML, but may be other data such as XML.
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Portlets are pluggable user interface components that are managed and displayed in a web portal. Portlets produce fragments of markup code that are aggregated into a portal page.
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The Java Portlet Specification defines a contract between the portlet container and portlets and provides a convenient programming model for portlet developers. The Java Portlet Specification V1.0 was developed under the Java Community Process as JSR 168.
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JavaServer Pages (JSP) is a Java technology that allows software developers to dynamically generate HTML, XML or other types of documents in response to a Web client request. The technology allows Java code and certain pre-defined actions to be embedded into static content.
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The W3C defines a Web service (many sources also capitalize the second word, as in Web Services) as "a software system designed to support interoperable Machine to Machine interaction over a network.
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A J2EE application or an enterprise application is any deployable unit of J2EE functionality. This can be a single J2EE module or a group of modules packaged into an EAR file along with a J2EE application deployment descriptor.
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