Information about Integumentary System
In zootomy, the integumentary system is the external covering of the body, comprising the skin, hair, feathers, scales, nails, sweat glands and their products (sweat and mucus). The integumentary system has a variety of functions; in animals, it may serve to waterproof, cushion and protect the deeper tissues, excrete wastes, regulate temperature and are the location of sensory receptors for pain, pressure and temperature. The name derives from the Latin integumentum, which means 'a covering'.
There are three layers of skin:
Below the dermis, the subcutis acts to protect underlying muscles, tissues, and other organs. Hair on the surface of the skin helps maintain body temperature and filter out harmful particles.
Cutaneous glands include:
It is divided into the following sub-layers:
Mucus is a slippery secretion of the lining of the mucous membranes in the body.
..... Click the link for more information.
As an organ system
The integumentary system is often the largest organ system of an animal by surface area. It distinguishes, separates, protects and informs the animal with regard to its surroundings. Small-bodied invertebrates of aquatic or continually moist habitats respire using the outer layer (integument). This gas exchange system, where gases simply diffuse into and out of the interstitial fluid, is called integumentary exchange.Anatomy
The cutaneous membrane (skin) and its accessory structures (hair, scales, feathers, nails, exocrine glands) make up the integumentary system.There are three layers of skin:
Below the dermis, the subcutis acts to protect underlying muscles, tissues, and other organs. Hair on the surface of the skin helps maintain body temperature and filter out harmful particles.
Cutaneous glands include:
- Sweat glands (also known as sudoriferous glands) - excrete sweat to regulate temperature
- Sebaceous glands - oil-producing glands that keep skin and hair moist and soft
- Ceruminous glands - glands of the ear canal that produce earwax
- Mammary glands - milk-producing glands located in the breasts.
Layers
Epidermis
The epidermis is the thin outer layer of skin that contains melanin which gives skin its color and allows for the skin to tan. Carotene, and oxygen-rich hemoglobin also contributes to the color of skin. The epidermis also encompasses the protein keratin which stiffens epidermal tissue to form finger nails. The outermost layer consists of 25-30 layers of dead cells. Further levels include:- Scaly Cells form the surface of the skin
- Melanocytes give the skin color
- Langerhans cells are formed in the bone marrow and work to fight infection
It is divided into the following sub-layers:
Sublayers
Epidermis is divided into the following 5 sublayers or strata:- Stratum corneum
- Stratum lucidum.....
- Stratum granulosum
- Stratum spinosum
- Stratum germinativum (also called "stratum basale")
Dermis
The dermis is the bottom-most, thick inner layer of skin, which comprises blood vessels, connective tissue, nerves, lymph vessels, sweat glands and hair shafts. It has two main layers:- Upper Papillary: Contains touch receptors which communicate with the central nervous system and is responsible for the folds of the fingerprints
- Lower Reticular: Made of dense elastic fibers that house the hair follicles, nerves, and gland
Functions
The integumentary system has multiple roles in homeostasis. All body systems work in an interconnected manner to maintain the internal conditions essential to the function of the body. The skin has an important job of protecting the body and acts somewhat as the body’s first line of defense against infection, temperature change or other challenges to homeostasis. Functions include:- Protects the body’s internal living tissues and organs
- Protects against invasion by infectious organisms
- Protects the body from dehydration
- Protects the body against abrupt changes in temperature
- Helps excrete waste materials through perspiration
- Acts as a receptor for touch, pressure, pain, heat, and cold (see Somatosensory system)
- Protects the body against sunburns
- Generates vitamin D through exposure to ultraviolet light
- Stores water, fat, and vitamin D
Diseases and injuries
The specialized treatment of the integumentary system is performed by dermatologists. Possible diseases and injuries to the human integumentary system include:- Rash
- Blister
- Acne
- Keratosis pilaris
- Athlete's foot
- Infection
- Calcinosis cutis
- Sunburn
- Keloid
- Scabies
See also
- Exoskeleton and shell
- Major systems of the human body.
In botany
In botany, the integument refers to the envelope of an ovule.References
- Kardong, Kenneth V. (1998). Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution, second edition, USA: McGraw-Hill, 747 pp.. ISBN 0-07-115356-X/0-697-28654-1.McGraw-Hill&rft.place=USA&rft.pages=747%20pp.&rft.isbn=0-07-115356-X/0-697-28654-1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FVertebrates-Comparative-Anatomy-Function-Evolution%2Fdp%2F0072909560">
External links
- Aquatic Path Details of the integumentary system of the fathead minnow
- biology4kids
Integumentary system | |
|---|---|
| structures | Skin • Sweat glands • Sebaceous glands • Hair (Hair follicle) • Nails • Scale |
| layers | Epidermis (Stratum corneum, Stratum lucidum, Stratum granulosum, Stratum spinosum, Stratum germinativum/basale) • Dermis • Subcutis |
Human organ systems |
|---|
| Cardiovascular system • Digestive system • Endocrine system • Immune system • Integumentary system • Lymphatic system • Muscular system • Nervous system • Reproductive system • Respiratory system • Skeletal system • Urinary system |
Zootomy is a contraction of zoological and anatomy. It refers to the dissection of animals as opposed to that of plants (phytotomy)
..... Click the link for more information.
See also
- Androtomy
- Zootomical terms for location
- Cat anatomy
- Fish anatomy
- Bird anatomy
- Spider anatomy
..... Click the link for more information.
Skin layers: epidermis, dermis, and subcutis, showing a hair follicle, sweat gland & sebaceous gland.]] In zootomy and dermatology, skin is the largest organ of the integumentary system made up of multiple layers of epithelial tissues that guard underlying muscles and organs.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Hair is a filamentous outgrowth of protein, found only on mammals. It projects from the epidermis, though it grows from hair follicles deep in the dermis. Although many other organisms, especially insects, show filamentous outgrowths, these are not considered "hair".
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Feathers are one of the epidermal growths that form the distinctive outer covering, or plumage, on birds. They are the outstanding characteristic that distinguishes the Class Aves from all other living groups. Other Theropoda also had feathers (see Feathered dinosaurs).
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
scale (Greek lepid, Latin squama) is a small rigid plate that grows out of an animal's skin to provide protection. In lepidopteran species, scales are plates on the surface of the insect wing, and provide coloration.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
nail is a horn-like structure at the end of a human's or an animal's finger or toe. See also claw.
..... Click the link for more information.
Parts of the nail
Anatomically fingernails and toenails..... Click the link for more information.
SWEAT is an OLN/TSN show hosted by Julie Zwillich that aired in 2003-2004.
Each of the 13 half-hour episodes of SWEAT features a different outdoor sport: kayaking, mountain biking, ice hockey, beach volleyball, soccer, windsurfing, rowing, Ultimate, triathlon,
..... Click the link for more information.
Each of the 13 half-hour episodes of SWEAT features a different outdoor sport: kayaking, mountain biking, ice hockey, beach volleyball, soccer, windsurfing, rowing, Ultimate, triathlon,
..... Click the link for more information.
highly specialized aspect of its associated subject.
Please help [ improve this article] by adding more general information.
Please help [ improve this article] by adding more general information.
Mucus is a slippery secretion of the lining of the mucous membranes in the body.
..... Click the link for more information.
Latin}}}
Official status
Official language of: Vatican City
Used for official purposes, but not spoken in everyday speech
Regulated by: Opus Fundatum Latinitas
Roman Catholic Church
Language codes
ISO 639-1: la
ISO 639-2: lat
..... Click the link for more information.
Official status
Official language of: Vatican City
Used for official purposes, but not spoken in everyday speech
Regulated by: Opus Fundatum Latinitas
Roman Catholic Church
Language codes
ISO 639-1: la
ISO 639-2: lat
..... Click the link for more information.
organ (Latin: organum, "instrument, tool") is a group of tissues that perform a specific function or group of functions. Usually there is a main tissue and sporadic tissues. The main tissue is the one that is unique for the specific organ.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Editing of this page by unregistered or newly registered users is currently disabled until (UTC) due to vandalism.
If you are prevented from editing this page, and you wish to make a change, please discuss changes on the talk page, request unprotection, log in, or
..... Click the link for more information.
If you are prevented from editing this page, and you wish to make a change, please discuss changes on the talk page, request unprotection, log in, or
..... Click the link for more information.
In animal physiology, respiration is the transport of oxygen from the ambient air to the tissue cells and the transport of carbon dioxide in the opposite direction. This is in contrast to the biochemical definition of respiration, which refers to cellular respiration
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Interstitial fluid (or tissue fluid, or intercellular fluid) is a solution which bathes and surrounds the cells of multicellular animals.
It is the main component of the extracellular fluid, which also includes plasma and transcellular fluid.
..... Click the link for more information.
It is the main component of the extracellular fluid, which also includes plasma and transcellular fluid.
..... Click the link for more information.
Skin layers: epidermis, dermis, and subcutis, showing a hair follicle, sweat gland & sebaceous gland.]] In zootomy and dermatology, skin is the largest organ of the integumentary system made up of multiple layers of epithelial tissues that guard underlying muscles and organs.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Skin layers: epidermis, dermis, and subcutis, showing a hair follicle, sweat gland & sebaceous gland.]] In zootomy and dermatology, skin is the largest organ of the integumentary system made up of multiple layers of epithelial tissues that guard underlying muscles and organs.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Exocrine glands are glands that secrete their products (enzymes) into ducts (duct glands). They are the counterparts to endocrine glands, which secrete their products (hormones) directly into the bloodstream (ductless glands).
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Epidermis may refer to:
..... Click the link for more information.
- Epidermis (botany), in plants, the outermost layer of cells covering the leaves and young parts of a plant
- Epidermis (skin), in vertebrates, the outermost layer of the skin
..... Click the link for more information.
The dermis is a layer of skin beneath the epidermis that consists of connective tissue and cushions the body from stress and strain. The dermis is tightly connected to the epidermis by a basement membrane. It also harbors many nerve endings that provide the sense of touch and heat.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
subcutis is the layer of tissue directly underlying the cutis. It is mainly composed of adipose tissue. Its physiological function includes insulation and storage of nutrients.
Subcutaneous injections are given by injecting a fluid or a solid pellet into the subcutis.
..... Click the link for more information.
Subcutaneous injections are given by injecting a fluid or a solid pellet into the subcutis.
..... Click the link for more information.
MUSCLE (multiple sequence comparison by log-expectation) is public domain, multiple sequence alignment software for protein and nucleotide sequences.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Biological tissue is a collection of interconnected cells that perform a similar function within an organism.
The study of tissue is known as histology, or, in connection with disease, histopathology.
..... Click the link for more information.
The study of tissue is known as histology, or, in connection with disease, histopathology.
..... Click the link for more information.
In humans, there are four kinds of sudoriferous or sweat glands which differ greatly in both the composition of the sweat and its purpose.
..... Click the link for more information.
- eccrine glands - sweat (normal sweat used in temperature control)
- apocrine glands - sweat,fats,proteins (slightly more viscous sweat)
..... Click the link for more information.
SWEAT is an OLN/TSN show hosted by Julie Zwillich that aired in 2003-2004.
Each of the 13 half-hour episodes of SWEAT features a different outdoor sport: kayaking, mountain biking, ice hockey, beach volleyball, soccer, windsurfing, rowing, Ultimate, triathlon,
..... Click the link for more information.
Each of the 13 half-hour episodes of SWEAT features a different outdoor sport: kayaking, mountain biking, ice hockey, beach volleyball, soccer, windsurfing, rowing, Ultimate, triathlon,
..... Click the link for more information.
The sebaceous glands are glands found in the skin of mammals.
..... Click the link for more information.
Locations and morphology
A branched type of acinar gland, these glands exist in humans throughout the skin except in the palms of the hands and soles of the feet...... Click the link for more information.
Skin layers: epidermis, dermis, and subcutis, showing a hair follicle, sweat gland & sebaceous gland.]] In zootomy and dermatology, skin is the largest organ of the integumentary system made up of multiple layers of epithelial tissues that guard underlying muscles and organs.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Hair is a filamentous outgrowth of protein, found only on mammals. It projects from the epidermis, though it grows from hair follicles deep in the dermis. Although many other organisms, especially insects, show filamentous outgrowths, these are not considered "hair".
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
The ear canal (external auditory meatus, external acoustic meatus), is a tube running from the outer ear to the middle ear. The ear canal extends from the pinna to the eardrum and is about 26 mm in length and 7 mm in diameter.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Earwax, also known by the medical term cerumen, is a yellowish, waxy substance secreted in the ear canal of humans and many other mammals. It plays an important role in the human ear canal, assisting in cleaning and lubrication, and also provides some protection from
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Mammary glands are the organs that, in the female mammal, produce milk for the sustenance of the young. These exocrine glands are enlarged and modified sweat glands and are the characteristic of mammals which gave the class its name.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
breast refers to the upper ventral region of an animal’s torso, particularly that of mammals, including human beings. The breasts of a female mammal’s body contain the mammary glands, which secrete milk used to feed infants.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
This article is copied from an article on Wikipedia.org - the free encyclopedia created and edited by online user community. The text was not checked or edited by anyone on our staff. Although the vast majority of the wikipedia encyclopedia articles provide accurate and timely information please do not assume the accuracy of any particular article. This article is distributed under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License.
Herod_Archelaus
