Information about Inner Limiting Membrane

For the moth genus, see Retina (moth).

The retina is a thin layer of neural cells that lines the back of the eyeball of vertebrates and some cephalopods. It is comparable to the film in a camera.
..... Click the link for more information.

Latin}}} 
Official status
Official language of: Vatican City
Used for official purposes, but not spoken in everyday speech
Regulated by: Opus Fundatum Latinitas
Roman Catholic Church
Language codes
ISO 639-1: la
ISO 639-2: lat
..... Click the link for more information.

Elsevier, the world's largest publisher of medical and scientific literature, forms part of the Reed Elsevier group. Based in Amsterdam, the company has substantial operations in the UK, USA and elsewhere.
..... Click the link for more information.

For the moth genus, see Retina (moth).

The retina is a thin layer of neural cells that lines the back of the eyeball of vertebrates and some cephalopods. It is comparable to the film in a camera.
..... Click the link for more information.

vitreous humour (British spelling) or vitreous humor (U.S. spelling) is the clear gel that fills the space between the lens and the retina of the eyeball of humans and other vertebrates. It is often referred to as the vitreous body or simply "the vitreous".
..... Click the link for more information.

Astrocytes (also known collectively as astroglia) are characteristic star-shaped glial cells in the brain. They perform many functions, including biochemical support of endothelial cells which form the blood-brain barrier, the provision of nutrients to the nervous tissue,
..... Click the link for more information.

Boston University (BU) is a private research university located in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. Although chartered by the Massachusetts Legislature in 1869, Boston University traces its roots to the establishment of the Newbury Biblical Institute in Newbury,
..... Click the link for more information.

Public domain comprises the body of knowledge and innovation (especially creative works such as writing, art, music, and inventions) in relation to which no person or other legal entity can establish or maintain proprietary interests within a particular legal jurisdiction.
..... Click the link for more information.

Henry Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body (or Gray's Anatomy as it has commonly been shortened) is an English-language human anatomy textbook widely regarded as a classic work on the subject.
..... Click the link for more information.

sensory system: in this case, vision, for the visual system. ]]

A sensory system is a part of the nervous system responsible for processing sensory information.
..... Click the link for more information.

The visual system is the part of the nervous system which allows organisms to see. It interprets the information from visible light to build a representation of the world surrounding the body.
..... Click the link for more information.

Eyes are organs of vision that detect light. Different kinds of light-sensitive organs are found in a variety of organisms. The simplest eyes do nothing but detect whether the surroundings are light or dark, while more complex eyes can distinguish shapes and colors.
..... Click the link for more information.

For the moth genus, see Retina (moth).

The retina is a thin layer of neural cells that lines the back of the eyeball of vertebrates and some cephalopods. It is comparable to the film in a camera.
..... Click the link for more information.

photoreceptor, or photoreceptor cell, is a specialized type of neuron found in the eye's retina that is capable of phototransduction. More specifically, the photoreceptor absorbs photons from the visual field and signals this information to other neurons through a change in
..... Click the link for more information.

Cone cells, or cones, are photoreceptor cells in the retina of the eye which function best in relatively bright light. The cone cells gradually become more sparse towards the periphery of the retina.
..... Click the link for more information.

Location Retina
Function Low light photoreceptor

Morphology rod shaped
Presynaptic connections None
Postsynaptic connections Bipolar Cells and Horizontal cells

Rod cells, or rods
..... Click the link for more information.

Horizontal cells are the laterally interconnecting neurons in the outer plexiform layer of the retina.

Organization

There are three basic types of horizontal cells, designated HI, HII and HIII.
..... Click the link for more information.

Location Retina (Inner Nuclear Layer)
Function Convey gradients between photoreceptor cells to retinal ganglion cells

Morphology bipolar
Presynaptic connections Rods , cones and Horizontal Cells
Postsynaptic connections
..... Click the link for more information.

Location INL of the retina
Function inhibitory or neuromodulatory interneurons
Neurotransmitter GABA, glycine, DA, or 5-HT
Morphology Varies
Presynaptic connections Bipolar cells
Postsynaptic connections
..... Click the link for more information.

Location Varies by type
Function Varies but often excitatory projection

Morphology Varies

A ganglion cell (more correctly, a retinal ganglion cell) is a type of neuron typically located near the inner surface of the retina of the eye that
..... Click the link for more information.

Giant retinal ganglion cells are ganglion cells with large dendritic trees discovered in the human and macaque retina by Dacey et al (2005).

Giant retinal ganglion cells contain a visual pigment, melanopsin, allowing them to respond directly to light.
..... Click the link for more information.

Photosensitive ganglion cells, or melanopsin-containing ganglion cells, are a recently discovered type of nerve cell in the retina of the eye which, unlike other retinal ganglion cells, are intrinsically photosensitive.
..... Click the link for more information.

Müller glia, or Müller cells, are glia found in the vertebrate retina, which normally serve the functions of any normal glial cells. However, following injury to the retina, it has been seen that Müller glia actually de-differentiate into a neural progenitor.
..... Click the link for more information.

The nerve fiber layer (or layer of nerve fibers or stratum opticum) is formed by the expansion of the fibers of the optic nerve; it is thickest near the porus opticus, gradually diminishing toward the ora serrata.
..... Click the link for more information.

The ganglion cell layer (ganglionic layer) consists of a single layer of large ganglion cells, except in the macula lutea, where there are several strata.

The cells are somewhat flask-shaped; the rounded internal surface of each resting on the stratum opticum, and
..... Click the link for more information.

The inner plexiform layer is made up of a dense reticulum of minute fibrils formed by the interlacement of the dendrites of the ganglion cells with those of the cells of the inner nuclear layer; within this reticulum a few branched spongioblasts are sometimes imbedded.
..... Click the link for more information.

The inner nuclear layer or layer of inner granules is made up of a number of closely packed cells, of which there are three varieties, viz.: bipolar cells, horizontal cells, and amacrine cells.
..... Click the link for more information.

The outer plexiform layer (external plexiform layer) is a layer of neuronal synapses in the retina of the eye. It consists of a dense network of synapses between dendrites of horizontal cells from the inner nuclear layer, and photoreceptor cell inner segments from the outer
..... Click the link for more information.

..... Click the link for more information.

external limiting membrane (or outer limiting membrane) at the bases of the rods and cones.

Additional images

External links

• Histology at BU 07902loa

..... Click the link for more information.