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Information about Indo Iranian Languages

Indo-Iranian
Geographic
distribution:		 India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, the Maldives, Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan
Genetic
classification:		 }}
Subdivisions:
The Indo-Iranian language group constitutes the easternmost extant branch of the Indo-European family of languages. It consists of four language groups: the Indo-Aryan, Iranian, Nuristani, and Dardic. The term Aryan languages is also used to refer to the Indo-Iranian languages [1]. The speakers of the Proto-Indo-Iranian language, the hypothetical Proto-Indo-Iranians, are usually associated with the late 3rd millennium BC Sintashta-Petrovka culture of Central Asia. Their expansion is believed to have been connected with the invention of the chariot.

The contemporary Indo-Iranian languages form the largest sub-branch of Indo-European, with more than one billion speakers in total, stretching from Europe (Romani) and the Caucasus (Ossetian) to East India (Bengali and Assamese). SIL in a 2005 estimate counts a total of 308 varieties, the largest in terms of native speakers being Hindustani (Hindi and Urdu, ca. 540 million), Bengali (ca. 200 million), Punjabi (ca. 80 million), Marathi and Persian (ca. 70 million each), Gujarati (ca. 45 million), Pashto (40 million), Oriya (ca. 30 million), Kurdish and Sindhi (ca. 20 million each).

Subdivisions

Indo-European topics
Indo-European languages
Albanian Anatolian Armenian
Baltic Celtic Dacian Germanic
Greek Indo-Iranian Italic Phrygian
Slavic Thracian Tocharian
 
Indo-European peoples
Albanians Anatolians Armenians
Balts Celts Germanic peoples
Greeks Indo-Aryans Indo-Iranians
Iranians Italic peoples Slavs
Thracians Tocharians
 
Proto-Indo-Europeans
Language Society Religion
 
Urheimat hypotheses
Kurgan hypothesis Anatolia
Armenia India PCT
 
Indo-European studies
Iranian Group: Indo-Aryan Group: Dardic languages (sometimes also classified as Indic): Nuristani languages:

References

See also

 •  • [ e]
Indo-Iranian languages
Indic (Indo-Aryan)
Iranian
DardicDameli Domaaki Gawar-Bati Kalash Kashmiri Khowar Kohistani Nangalami Pashayi Palula Shina Shumashti
NuristaniAskunu Kamkata-viri Tregami Vasi-vari Waigali
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Motto
اتحاد، تنظيم، يقين محکم
Ittehad, Tanzim, Yaqeen-e-Muhkam   (Urdu)
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Anthem
Amar Shonar Bangla
My Golden Bengal


Capital
(and largest city) Dhaka

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Motto
जननी जन्मभूमिष्च स्वर्गादपि गरीयसी   (Sanskrit)
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Anthem
"Sri Lanka Matha"
Music   (help info ) , Singing   (help info )
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Motto
None
Anthem
Gavmii mi ekuverikan matii tibegen kuriime salaam
"In National Unity Do We Salute Our Nation"
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Anthem
Sorūd-e Mellī-e Īrān ²


Capital
(and largest city) Tehran

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Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон
Jumhūrī-yi Tojīkiston

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A language family is a group of languages related by descent from a common ancestor, called the proto-language. As with biological families, the evidence of relationship is observable shared characteristics.
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Indo-Aryan languages form a subgroup of the Indo-Iranian languages, which belong to the Indo-European family of languages. The term "Indic" refers to the same group without what some see as the negative connotations of "Aryan".
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Iranian languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family. With the Indo-Aryan languages they form the Indo-Iranian languages group. Avestan and Old Persian are the oldest recorded Iranian languages.
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Nuristani languages are a subgroup of the Indo-Iranian language family, spoken in Afghanistan and parts of modern Pakistan.

History

The Nuristani languages were not described in the literature until the 19th century.
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Dardic languages are a group of Indo-Iranian languages spoken in eastern Afghanistan, northern Pakistan, and in the disputed territory of Jammu and Kashmir which is divided between India and Pakistan.
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Indo-European languages comprise a family of several hundred related languages and dialects [1], including most of the major languages of Europe, the northern Indian subcontinent (South Asia), the Iranian plateau (Southwest Asia), and much of Central Asia.
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Indo-Aryan languages form a subgroup of the Indo-Iranian languages, which belong to the Indo-European family of languages. The term "Indic" refers to the same group without what some see as the negative connotations of "Aryan".
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Iranian languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family. With the Indo-Aryan languages they form the Indo-Iranian languages group. Avestan and Old Persian are the oldest recorded Iranian languages.
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Nuristani languages are a subgroup of the Indo-Iranian language family, spoken in Afghanistan and parts of modern Pakistan.

History

The Nuristani languages were not described in the literature until the 19th century.
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Dardic languages are a group of Indo-Iranian languages spoken in eastern Afghanistan, northern Pakistan, and in the disputed territory of Jammu and Kashmir which is divided between India and Pakistan.
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Proto-Indo-Iranian, is the reconstructed proto-language of the Indo-Iranian branch of Indo-European. Its speakers, the hypothetical Proto-Indo-Iranians, are assumed to have lived in the late 3rd millennium BC, and are usually connected with the early Andronovo archaeological
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Central Asia is a vast landlocked region of Asia. Though various definitions of its exact composition exist, no one definition is universally accepted. Despite this uncertainty in defining borders, it does have some important overall characteristics.
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chariot was a two-wheeled conveyance usually drawn by two horses. In ancient Rome and other ancient Mediterranean countries a biga was a two-horse chariot, a triga utilized three horses and a quadriga was drawn by four horses abreast.
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Europe is one of the seven traditional continents of the Earth. Physically and geologically, Europe is the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, west of Asia. Europe is bounded to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the west by the Atlantic Ocean, to the south by the Mediterranean Sea,
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Romani or Romany (native name: rromani ćhib) is the language of the Roma and Sinti. The Indo-Aryan Romani language should not be confused with either Romanian (spoken by Romanians), or Romansh (spoken in parts of southeastern Switzerland), both of which
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Caucasus or Caucasia is a region in Eurasia bordered on the north by Russia, on the southwest by Turkey, on the west by the Black Sea, on the east by the Caspian Sea, and on the south by Iran. The Caucasus includes the Caucasus Mountains and surrounding lowlands.
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Ossetic or Ossetian (Ossetic: Ирон æвзаг, Iron ævzhag or Иронау, Ironau
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East India is a region of India consisting of the states of West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand, and Orissa. It is geographically between North India and North-East India, and shares many cultural and linguistic characteristics with Bangladesh, which formed part of this region before
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Bengali}}} 
Writing system: Bengali script 
Official status
Official language of:
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Assamese}}} 
Writing system: Assamese script 
Official status
Official language of:  India (Assam)
Regulated by: no official regulation
Language codes
ISO 639-1: as
ISO 639-2: asm
ISO 639-3: asm


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SIL International is a worldwide non-profit evangelical Christian organization whose main purpose is to study, develop and document lesser-known languages in order to expand linguistic knowledge, promote literacy and aid minority language development.
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