Information about Ibm Bs12
Business System 12, or simply BS12, was one of the first fully relational database management systems, designed and implemented by IBM's Bureau Service subsidiary at the company's international development centre in Uithoorn, The Netherlands. Programming started in 1978 and the first version was delivered in 1982. It was never widely used and essentially disappeared soon after the division was shut down in 1985, possibly because IBM and other companies settled on SQL as the standard.
BS12's lasting contribution to history was the use of a new query language based on ISBL, created at IBM's UK Scientific Centre. Developers of the famous System R underway in the US at the same time were also consulted on certain matters concerning the engine, but the BS12 team rejected SQL unequivocally, being convinced that this apparently unsound and difficult-to-use language (which at that time was also relationally incomplete) would never catch on.
BS12 included a number of interesting features that still have yet to appear on SQL-based systems, some a consequence of following the ISBL precedent, others due to deliberate design. For instance, a view could be parameterised and parameters could be of type TABLE. Thus, a view could in effect be a new relational operator defined in terms of the existing operators. Codd's DIVIDE operator was in fact implemented that way.
Another feature that could have easily been included in SQL systems was the support for update operations on the catalog tables (system tables describing the structure of the database, as in SQL). A new table could be created by inserting a row into the
In addition, BS12 was way ahead of SQL in supporting user-defined functions and procedures using a computationally complete sublanguage, triggers, and a simple "call" interface for use by application programs, all in its very first release in 1982.
T1 = SUMMARY(EMP, GROUP(DEPTNUM), EMPS=COUNT, SALSUM=SUM(SALARY)) T2 = JOIN(T1, DEPT) T3 = SELECT(T2, SALSUM > BUDGET)
Note the "natural join" on the common column, DEPTNUM. Here is the equivalent SQL for comparison:
-- (SQL Version) SELECT d.Deptnum, Count(*) as Emps, Sum(e.Salary) as Salsum FROM Emp as e JOIN Dept as d ON e.Deptnum = d.Deptnum HAVING Sum(e.Salary) > d.Budget
BS12's lasting contribution to history was the use of a new query language based on ISBL, created at IBM's UK Scientific Centre. Developers of the famous System R underway in the US at the same time were also consulted on certain matters concerning the engine, but the BS12 team rejected SQL unequivocally, being convinced that this apparently unsound and difficult-to-use language (which at that time was also relationally incomplete) would never catch on.
BS12 included a number of interesting features that still have yet to appear on SQL-based systems, some a consequence of following the ISBL precedent, others due to deliberate design. For instance, a view could be parameterised and parameters could be of type TABLE. Thus, a view could in effect be a new relational operator defined in terms of the existing operators. Codd's DIVIDE operator was in fact implemented that way.
Another feature that could have easily been included in SQL systems was the support for update operations on the catalog tables (system tables describing the structure of the database, as in SQL). A new table could be created by inserting a row into the
TABLES catalog, and then columns added to it by inserting into COLUMNS.
In addition, BS12 was way ahead of SQL in supporting user-defined functions and procedures using a computationally complete sublanguage, triggers, and a simple "call" interface for use by application programs, all in its very first release in 1982.
Example
Sample query from BS12 article on System R website:T1 = SUMMARY(EMP, GROUP(DEPTNUM), EMPS=COUNT, SALSUM=SUM(SALARY)) T2 = JOIN(T1, DEPT) T3 = SELECT(T2, SALSUM > BUDGET)
Note the "natural join" on the common column, DEPTNUM. Here is the equivalent SQL for comparison:
-- (SQL Version) SELECT d.Deptnum, Count(*) as Emps, Sum(e.Salary) as Salsum FROM Emp as e JOIN Dept as d ON e.Deptnum = d.Deptnum HAVING Sum(e.Salary) > d.Budget
External links
A relational database management system (RDBMS) is a database management system (DBMS) that is based on the relational model as introduced by E. F. Codd. Relational databases are the most common kind of database in use today (assuming one does not count a file system as a database).
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International Business Machines Corporation
Public (NYSE: IBM )
Founded 1889, incorporated 1911
Headquarters Armonk, New York, USA
Key people Samuel J.
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Public (NYSE: IBM )
Founded 1889, incorporated 1911
Headquarters Armonk, New York, USA
Key people Samuel J.
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ISBL (Information Systems Base Language) is the relational algebra notation that was invented for PRTV, one of the earliest database management systems to implement E.F. Codd's relational model of data.
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External Links
- Sample ISBL usage
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System R is a database system built as a research project at IBM San Jose Research (now IBM Almaden Research Center) in the 1970s. System R was a seminal project: it was the first implementation of Structured Query Language (SQL), which has since become the standard relational data
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SQL
Paradigm: multi-paradigm
Appeared in: 1974
Designed by: Donald D. Chamberlin and Raymond F. Boyce
Developer: IBM
Latest release: SQL:2003/ 2003
Typing discipline: static, strong
Major implementations: Many
SQL
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Paradigm: multi-paradigm
Appeared in: 1974
Designed by: Donald D. Chamberlin and Raymond F. Boyce
Developer: IBM
Latest release: SQL:2003/ 2003
Typing discipline: static, strong
Major implementations: Many
SQL
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