Hyoid

Information about Hyoid

*Bone:*

Hyoid bone. Anterior surface. Enlarged.

Anterolateral view of head and neck.
Latin	os hyoideum
	subject #45 177
Precursor	2nd and 3rd branchial arch^[1]
MeSH	Hyoid+Bone

The hyoid bone (Lingual Bone) is a bone in the human neck, and is the only bone in the skeleton not articulated to any other bone. It is supported by the muscles of the neck and in turn supports the root of the tongue.

The hyoid bone is shaped like a horseshoe, and is suspended from the tips of the styloid processes of the temporal bones by the stylohyoid ligaments.

Segments

It consists of five segments:

Ossification

The hyoid is ossified from six centers: two for the body, and one for each cornu. Ossification commences in the greater cornua toward the end of fetal life, in the body shortly afterward, and in the lesser cornua during the first or second year after birth.

Muscle attachments

The following muscles attach to the hyoid:^[2]

Function

The hyoid bone is involved in the production of human speech. It allows a wider range of tongue and laryngeal movements by bracing these structures against each other. It is not present in any of our closest living relatives, but it did exist in virtually identical form in Neanderthal man. That suggests, along with other anthropological clues of communication, that the Neanderthal employed some form of spoken language.

Fracture

Due to its position, the hyoid bone is not usually easy to fracture in most situations. Professional wrestler Lance Storm suffered such an injury in a match when Christian Cage struck his throat with a misplaced lariat (forearm strike)[1].

In cases of suspicious death, a fractured hyoid is a strong sign of strangulation.

Etymology

Its name is derived from the Greek word hyoeides meaning "shaped like the letter upsilon" (υ).

Additional images

Larynx	Head and neck of a human embryo eighteen weeks old, with Meckel’s cartilage and hyoid bar exposed.	Muscles of the pharynx and cheek.	Muscles of the neck. Lateral view.
The internal carotid and vertebral arteries. Right side.	The ligaments of the larynx. Antero-lateral view.	Sagittal section of the larynx and upper part of the trachea.	Coronal section of larynx and upper part of trachea.
The entrance to the larynx, viewed from behind.	Sagittal section of nose mouth, pharynx, and larynx.	Extrinsic muscles of the tongue. Left side.	The thyroid gland and its relations.
Front view of neck.

References

1. ^ Embryology at UNC hednk-023
2. ^ Mnemonic at medicalmnemonics.com 352 |

External links

SUNY Labs 25:03-0101 - "Anterior Triangle of the Neck: The Muscular Triangle"
Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator, at Elsevier 25420.000-1
Norman/Georgetown lesson11 (larynxskel1)

This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. As such, some of the information contained herein may be outdated. Please edit the article if this is the case, and feel free to remove this notice when it is no longer relevant.

Human Bones

• • [ e]

Latin}}}
Official status
Official language of: Vatican City
Used for official purposes, but not spoken in everyday speech
Regulated by: Opus Fundatum Latinitas
Roman Catholic Church
Language codes
ISO 639-1: la
ISO 639-2: lat
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In the development of vertebrate animals, the pharyngeal arches (also called branchial arches or gill arches in fish) develop during the fourth and fifth week in utero
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Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a huge controlled vocabulary (or metadata system) for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences. Created and updated by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), it is used by the MEDLINE/PubMed
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Bones are rigid organs that form part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates. They function to move, support, and protect the various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells and store minerals.
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The neck is the part of the body on many limbed vertebrates that distinguishes the head from the torso or trunk.

Anatomy of the human neck

Bony anatomy: The cervical spine

The cervical portion of the human spine
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MUSCLE (multiple sequence comparison by log-expectation) is public domain, multiple sequence alignment software for protein and nucleotide sequences.
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The tongue is the large bundle of skeletal muscles on the floor of the mouth that manipulates food for chewing and swallowing (deglutition). It is the primary organ of taste. Much of the surface of the tongue is covered in taste buds.
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horseshoe is a "U"-shaped item made of steel, aluminium, rubber, plastic, rawhide or a laminate of these, nailed or glued to the hooves of horses and some other draught animals. Like a shoe on a human, it is used to protect the animal's feet from wear and tear.
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The styloid process is pointed piece of bone that extends down from the human skull, just below the ear.

Structure

The styloid process is a slender pointed piece of bone just below the ear.
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In connection with the stylohyoideus muscle a ligamentous band, the stylohyoid ligament, may be described.

It is a fibrous cord, which is attached to the tip of the styloid process of the temporal and the lesser cornu of the hyoid bone.
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The body of hyoid bone or central part is of a quadrilateral form.

Its anterior surface is convex and directed forward and upward.

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The greater cornua project backward from the lateral borders of the body; they are flattened from above downward and diminish in size from before backward; each ends in a tubercle to which is fixed the lateral hyothyroid ligament.
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The lesser cornua are two small, conical eminences, attached by their bases to the angles of junction between the body and greater cornua.

They are connected to the body of the bone by fibrous tissue, and occasionally to the greater cornua by distinct diarthrodial joints,
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Ossification is the process of bone formation, in which connective tissues, such as cartilage are turned to bone or bone-like tissue. The ossified tissue is invaginated with blood vessels. These blood vessels bring minerals like calcium and deposit it in the ossifying tissue.
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fetus (or foetus, or fœtus) is a developing mammal or other viviparous vertebrate, after the embryonic stage and before birth. The plural is fetuses (foetuses, fœtuses) or, very rarely, foeti.
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The middle pharyngeal constrictor is a fanshaped muscle, smaller than the Inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle.

Origin and insertion

It arises from the whole length of the upper border of the greater cornu of the hyoid bone, from the lesser cornu, and from the
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The Hyoglossus, thin and quadrilateral, arises from the side of the body and from the whole length of the greater cornu of the hyoid bone, and passes almost vertically upward to enter the side of the tongue, between the Styloglossus and Longitudinalis inferior.
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The digastric muscle (named digastric as it has two bellies) is a small muscle located under the jaw.

It lies below the body of the mandible, and extends, in a curved form, from the mastoid process to the symphysis menti. It belongs to the suprahyoid muscles group.
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The Stylohyoid muscle is a slender muscle, lying in front of, and above the posterior belly of the digastric muscle. It shares this muscle's innervation by the facial nerve.
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The Geniohyoid muscle is a narrow muscle situated above the medial border of the mylohyoid muscle.

Origin and insertion

It arises from the inferior mental spine on the back of the symphysis menti, and runs backward and slightly downward, to be inserted into the anterior
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The mylohyoid muscle is a muscle running from the mandible to the hyoid bone, forming the floor of the oral cavity.

Structure

The mylohyoid muscle is flat and triangular, and is situated immediately above the anterior belly of the digastric muscle.
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The genioglossus is a muscle of the human body which runs from the chin to the tongue.

Structure

Genioglossus is the fan-shaped extrinsic tongue muscle that forms the majority of the body of the tongue.
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The Thyrohyoid muscle is a small, quadrilateral muscle appearing like an upward continuation of the Sternothyreoideus. It belongs to the infrahyoid muscles group.

It arises from the oblique line on the lamina of the thyroid cartilage, and is inserted into the lower border
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The omohyoid muscle is a muscle at the front of the neck that consists of two bellies separated by an intermediate tendon. It belongs to the group of infrahyoid muscles.

Structure

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The sternohyoid muscle is a thin, narrow muscle attaching the hyoid bone to the sternum, one of the paired strap muscles of the infrahyoid muscles serving to depress the hyoid bone. It is innervated by the ansa cervicalis.
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H. neanderthalensis

Binomial name
†Homo neanderthalensis
King, 1864

Synonyms
Palaeoanthropus neanderthalensis
H. s.
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Professional wrestling, or pro wrestling, is the athletic performance, management, and marketing of a form of entertainment that is based on simulated elements of catch wrestling, mock combat and theatre.
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Lance Timothy Evers (born April 3 1969), known professionally by his ring name Lance Storm, is a retired Canadian professional wrestler. He is best known for his work in World Wrestling Entertainment, Extreme Championship Wrestling, and World Championship Wrestling.
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William Jason "Jay" Reso^[1] (born November 30 1973) better known by his ring name Christian Cage, is a Canadian professional wrestler and actor.
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Hyoid

Information about Hyoid

Segments

Ossification

Muscle attachments

Function

Fracture

Etymology

Additional images

See also

References

External links

Anatomy of the human neck

Bony anatomy: The cervical spine

Structure

Origin and insertion

Origin and insertion

Structure

Structure

Structure