Information about Hygrocybe
| Hygrocybe | ||||||||||||
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) H. coccinea & H. virginea, Wyre Forest H. coccinea & H. virginea, Wyre Forest | ||||||||||||
| Scientific classification | ||||||||||||
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Hygrocybe is a genus of colorful agarics in the family Hygrophoraceae, or waxcaps.
Description
Members of the genus Hygrocybe are distinguished from other members of the Hygrophoraceae by their often brightly-colored fruiting bodies, the saprotrophic habitat of most species (though a few have been shown to be shown to be ectomycorrhizal), and subparallel to parallel lamellar trama. This genus includes the "witches hats" (Hygrocybe conica and allies), a group of species distinguished by their bright red and yellow fruiting bodies, strong black-staining reaction when handled, and extremely fruiting bodies. Some grassland and heath ecosystems, particularly in Europe, have a great abundance and diversity of Hygrocybe species.Taxonomy and nomenclature
Elias Magnus Fries recognized it as Hygrophorus tribus Hygrocybe in 1838 and Kummer (1871) raised it to generic status. (Hesler and Smith, 1963)This genus is recognized by some modern authorities and not by others. Hesler and Smith (1963) and Largent (1985) consigned it to sectional rank, Hygrophorus section Hygrocybe, though Largent (1988) later recognized its generic status. Boertmann (1996), also recognizes the generic status of this group and includes species classified by some other authors as Camarophyllus within it.
The genus Bertrandia, erected for H. astatogala, has been sunk into Hygrocybe.
Some species, such as the mauve splitting waxcap (Humidicutis lewellinae) of Southeastern Australia, have been described in the small genus Humidicutis.
Species
Several species are rare and possibly endangered, including Hygrocybe spadicea and H. calyptriformis.
References
- Boertmann D. (1996). The genus Hygrocybe (Fungi of Northern Europe 1). Copenhagen: Danish Mycological Society. ISBN 8798358111
- Bon M. (1987). The Mushrooms and Toadstools of Britain and North-western Europe. Hodder & Stoughton. ISBN 0-340-39935-X
- Hesler LR, Smith AH. (1963). North American species of Hygrophorus. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0901439674
- Kummer P. (1871). Der Führer in die Pilzkunde.
- Largent DL. (1985). The Agaricales of California 5: Hygrophoraceae. Eureka, CA: Mad River Press. ISBN 0916422542
- Largent DL. (1988). How to identify mushrooms to genus VI: Modern genera. Eureka, CA: Mad River Press. ISBN 0916422763
- Moser M. (1978). Basidiomycetes II: Röhrlinge und Blätterpilze. Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer Verlag. (English edition: translated by Simon Plant: Keys to Agarics and Boleti (Roger Phillips 1983) ISBN 0-9508486-0-3 )
External links
- WaxCap Website, University of Wales, Aberystwyth.
- North American species of Hygrophorus by L.R. Hesler and Alexander H. Smith, 1963. (Full text of monograph – includes species now treated as Hygrocybe)
Scientific classification or biological classification is a method by which biologists group and categorize species of organisms. Scientific classification also can be called scientific taxonomy, but should be distinguished from folk taxonomy, which lacks scientific basis.
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Eukarya
Whittaker & Margulis, 1978
(unranked) Opisthokonta
Kingdom: Fungi
(L., 1753) R.T. Moore, 1980[1]
Subkingdom/Phyla
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Whittaker & Margulis, 1978
(unranked) Opisthokonta
Kingdom: Fungi
(L., 1753) R.T. Moore, 1980[1]
Subkingdom/Phyla
- Chytridiomycota
- Blastocladiomycota
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Basidiomycota
R.T. Moore, 1980[1]
Subphyla/Classes
Pucciniomycotina
Ustilaginomycotina
Agaricomycotina
Incertae sedis (no phylum)
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R.T. Moore, 1980[1]
Subphyla/Classes
Pucciniomycotina
Ustilaginomycotina
Agaricomycotina
Incertae sedis (no phylum)
- Wallemiomycetes
- Entorrhizomycetes
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Agaricomycetes includes the so-called "true" mushrooms and a common name for this group of some 16,000 described species is the mushroom-forming fungi (53% of the described basidiomycetes).
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Agaricales, also known as gilled mushrooms (for their distinctive gills), or euagarics, contains some of the most familiar types of mushrooms. The order has about 4,000 identified species, or one quarter of all known homobasidiomycetes.
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Hygrophoraceae
Genera
Hygrophorus
Hygrocybe
Camarophyllus
Camarophyllopsis
Humidicutis
The family Hygrophoraceae, also known as waxy caps or waxcaps
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Genera
Hygrophorus
Hygrocybe
Camarophyllus
Camarophyllopsis
Humidicutis
The family Hygrophoraceae, also known as waxy caps or waxcaps
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agaric is a type of fungal fruiting body characterized by the presence of a pileus that is clearly differentiated from the stipe, with lamellae (gills) on the underside of the pileus. "Agaric" can also refer to a basidiomycete species characterized by an agaric-type fruiting body.
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Hygrophoraceae
Genera
Hygrophorus
Hygrocybe
Camarophyllus
Camarophyllopsis
Humidicutis
The family Hygrophoraceae, also known as waxy caps or waxcaps
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Genera
Hygrophorus
Hygrocybe
Camarophyllus
Camarophyllopsis
Humidicutis
The family Hygrophoraceae, also known as waxy caps or waxcaps
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A saprotroph (or saprobe) is an organism that obtains its nutrients from non-living organic matter, usually dead and decaying plant or animal matter, by absorbing soluble organic compounds.
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trama is a sterile layer of hyphae in the central part of a hymenophore, and is the supportive tissue of the hymenium. By extension, the term trama is also used to describe the hyphae composing the inner part of the pileus and stipe, tissue that in macroscopic terms is
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Elias Magnus Fries
Drawn image of Elias Magnus Fries
Born July 15 1794
Femsjö, Sweden
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Drawn image of Elias Magnus Fries
Born July 15 1794
Femsjö, Sweden
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Hygrophorus
Hygrophorus is the type genus for the Hygrophoraceae. Members of this genus are distinguished from other members of this family by the dull coloration (tending towards whites, beiges, and dull oranges or yellows) of their fruiting
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Hygrophorus is the type genus for the Hygrophoraceae. Members of this genus are distinguished from other members of this family by the dull coloration (tending towards whites, beiges, and dull oranges or yellows) of their fruiting
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Hygrophoraceae
Genus: Camarophyllus
Camarophyllus is a genus of mushrooms in the Hygrophoraceae. Members of Camarophyllus
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Genus: Camarophyllus
Camarophyllus is a genus of mushrooms in the Hygrophoraceae. Members of Camarophyllus
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Humidicutis
Singer (1959)
Humidicutis is a small genus of brightly coloured agarics, the majority of which are found in Eastern Australia.
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Singer (1959)
Humidicutis is a small genus of brightly coloured agarics, the majority of which are found in Eastern Australia.
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- Hygrocybe astatogala - (Australia, Madagascar, Central Africa, Philippines)
- Hygrocybe aurantiosplendens - orange waxcap
- Hygrocybe austrolutea
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Aberystwyth University (Welsh: Prifysgol Aberystwyth; formerly the University of Wales, Aberystwyth; sometimes called "Aber" or "the College by the Sea")[2] is a university located in Aberystwyth, Wales.
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