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Information about Hygieia

For the asteroid, see 10 Hygiea
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Hygieia as seen in Gustav Klimt's painting Medicine.
In Greek mythology, Hygieia (Roman equivalent: Salus) was a daughter of Asclepius. She was the goddess of health, cleanliness and sanitation (and later: the moon), and played an important part in her father's cult (see also: asklepieion). While her father was more directly associated with healing, she was associated with the prevention of sickness and the continuation of good health.

Hygieia was the subject of a local cult since at least the 7th century BC, (it is highly probable that Greek hygiene and health development began from influences of the Celts and the world's first hospital situated in Armagh Ireland. It was built before 650 BC by Queen Queen Macha.) "Athena Hygieia" was one of the titles given to Athene, as Plutarch recounts:
A strange accident happened in the course of building [of the Parthenon], which showed that the goddess was not averse to the work, but was aiding and co-operating to bring it to perfection. One of the artificers, the quickest and the handiest workman among them all, with a slip of his foot fell down from a great height, and lay in a miserable condition, the physicians having no hope of his recovery. When Pericles was in distress about this, the goddess [Athena] appeared to him at night in a dream, and ordered a course of treatment, which he applied, and in a short time and with great ease cured the man. And upon this occasion it was that he set up a brass statue of Athena Hygeia, in the citadel near the altar, which they say was there before. But it was Phidias who wrought the goddess's image in gold, and he has his name inscribed on the pedestal as the workman of it.[1]


However, the cult of Hygieia as an independent goddess did not begin to spread out until the Oracle at Delphi recognized her, and after the devastating Athens plague in 429 and 427 BC and in Rome in 293 BC. Her primary temples were in Epidaurus, Corinth, Cos and Pergamon.

Pausanias remarked that, at the asclepieion of Titane in Sicyon (founded by Alexanor, Asclepius' grandson), statues of Hygieia were covered by women's hair and pieces of Babylonian clothes. According to inscriptions, the same sacrifices were offered at Paros.

Ariphron, a Sicyonian artist from the 4th century BC wrote a well-known hymn celebrating her. Statues of Hygieia were created by Scopas, Bryaxis and Timotheus, among others.

She was often depicted as a young woman feeding a large snake that was wrapped around her body. Sometimes the snake would be drinking from a jar that she carried. These attributes were later adopted by the Gallo-Roman healing goddess, Sirona.

Hygieia was accompanied by her brother, Telesphorus.

Her name is the source of the word "hygiene".

Pindar, Odes 7, 70-71; Homer, Iliad IV,194, II, 731

Salus

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Fausta, as Salus, holding her two sons, Constantine II and Constantius II.
In Roman mythology, Salus was worshipped extensively by the Romans. Under the name Salus Publica Populi Romani ("goddess of the public welfare of the Roman people"), there was a temple devoted to her on the Quirinal Hill. It was built in 302 BC (Livy X, 1, 9)

SALUS was depicted with snakes and a bowl in many artistic representations of her.

Her festival took place on March 30th.

Notes

1. ^ Plutarch, Life of Pericles, 13.8




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10 Hygiea  
Discovery
Discovered by: A. de Gasparis
Discovery date: April 12, 1849
Orbital characteristics
Epoch July 14, 2004 (JD 2453200.5)
Aphelion distance: 525.311 Gm (3.511 AU)
Perihelion distance: 413.378 Gm (2.
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Greek mythology is the body of stories belonging to the Ancient Greeks concerning their gods and heroes, the nature of the world and the origins and significance of their own cult and ritual practices.
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Roman mythology, the mythological beliefs of the people of Ancient Rome, can be considered as having two parts. One part, largely later and literary, consists of whole-cloth borrowings from Greek mythology.
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Asclepius (Greek Ἀσκληπιός, transliterated Asklēpiós; Latin Aesculapius) is the demigod of medicine and healing in ancient Greek mythology.
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cult of a religion, quite apart from its sacred writings ("scriptures"), its theology or myths, or the personal faith of its believers, is the totality of external religious practice and observance, the neglect of which is the definition of impiety.
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asclepieion (or asklepieion) was a healing temple, sacred to the god Asclepius.

Starting around 300 BC, the cult of Asclepius became increasingly popular. Pilgrims flocked to asclepieia to be healed.
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The 7th century BC started the first day of 700 BC and ended the last day of 601 BC.

Events



  • 700 BC to 600 BC — Baudhayana Sulbasutra, an orally transmitted Vedic Sanskrit text on altar construction, contains the earliest extant verbal statement of the

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Celts, normally pronounced /kɛlts/ (see article on pronunciation), is widely used to refer to the members of any of the peoples in Europe using the Celtic languages or descended from those who did.
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Armagh
Irish - Ard Macha


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Ireland
Éire
Airlann <nowiki />

Northwest of continental Europe with Great Britain to the east.

Geography <nowiki/>
Location Western Europe <nowiki />
Archipelago
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Macha (/ˈmaxə/) is a presumed goddess of ancient Ireland, associated with war, horses, sovereignty, and the sites of Armagh and Emain Macha in County Armagh, which are named after her.
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ATHENA is an antimatter research project that is taking place at the AD Ring at CERN. In 2002, it was the first experiment to produce 50,000 low-energy antihydrogen atoms, as reported in the journal Nature[1].
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Phidias (or Pheidias) (in ancient Greek, Φειδίας) (c.480 BC - c.430 BC), son of Charmides, (not to be mistaken for the Charmides who participated in the tyranny at Athens) , was an ancient Greek
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oracle is a person or agency considered to be a source of wise counsel or prophetic opinion; an infallible authority, usually spiritual in nature. It can also be a prediction of the future, from deities, that is spoken through another object or life-form.
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State Party  Greece
Type Cultural
Criteria i, ii, iii, iv, vi
Reference 393
Region Europe and North America

Inscription History
Inscription 1987  (11th Session)
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Location

Coordinates Coordinates:
Time zone: EET/EEST (UTC+2/3)
Elevation (min-max): 70 - 338 m (0 - 0 ft)
Government
Country:
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5th century BC - 4th century BC
450s BC  440s BC  430s BC - 420s BC - 410s BC  400s BC  390s BC 
432 BC 431 BC 430 BC - 429 BC - 428 BC 427 BC 426 BC

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State leaders - Sovereign states

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5th century BC - 4th century BC
450s BC  440s BC  430s BC - 420s BC - 410s BC  400s BC  390s BC 
430 BC 429 BC 428 BC - 427 BC - 426 BC 425 BC 424 BC

Politics
State leaders - Sovereign states

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3rd century BC - 2nd century BC
320s BC  310s BC  300s BC - 290s BC - 280s BC  270s BC  260s BC 
296 BC 295 BC 294 BC - 293 BC - 292 BC 291 BC 290 BC

Politics
State leaders - Sovereign states

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State Party  Greece
Type Cultural
Criteria i, ii, iii, iv, vi
Reference 491
Region Europe and North America
Coordinates (theatre)

Inscription History
Inscription
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Location

Coordinates Coordinates:
Time zone: EET/EEST (UTC+2/3)
Elevation (min-max): 0 - 10 m (0 - 0 ft)
Government
Country:
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Kos
Κω?

Ruins of an agora in Kos town
Geography

Island Chain: Dodecanese
Area:[1] 290.313 km (0 sq.mi.
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Pergamon(Πέργαμος)
Ancient City of Greece
(Bergama)
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Pausanias (Greek: Παυσανίας) was a Greek traveller and geographer of the 2nd century A.D., who lived in the times of Hadrian, Antoninus Pius and Marcus Aurelius.
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Sicyon was an ancient Greek city situated in the northern Peloponnesus between Corinth and Achaea. Alexanor, a son of Machaon, and grandson of Aesculapius, who built to his sire a temple at Titane in the territory of Sicyon.
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Ancient Mesopotamia

Euphrates Tigris
Cities / Empires
Sumer: Uruk ' Ur ' Eridu
Kish ' Lagash ' Nippur
Akkadian Empire: Akkad
Babylon ' Isin ' Susa
Assyria: Assur Nineveh
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The 4th century BC started the first day of 400 BC and ended the last day of 301 BC. It is considered part of the Classical era, epoch, or historical period.

Overview

This century marks the height of Classical Greek civilization in all of its aspects.
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For other meanings see hymn (disambiguation)


A hymn is a type of song, usually religious, specifically written for the purpose of praise, adoration or prayer, and typically addressed to a god or other religiously significant figure.
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Scopas or Skopas (Σκόπας) (c.395 BC-350 BC) was an Ancient Greek sculptor and architect, born on the island of Paros.

Scopas worked with Praxiteles, he sculpted parts of the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, especially the reliefs.
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