Information about Humerus
| 'Bone: Humerus Latin =' | ||
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| Upper extremity | ||
| Click for 3-D Interactive View | ||
| subject #51 209 | ||
| MeSH | Humerus | |
Articulations
A bursa lies between the scapula and the chest wall, and allows the scapula to move over the chest wall. Movements of the shoulder are actually often combined movements of the glenohumeral joint as well as movement of the scapula on the chest wall.The distal end of the humerus (at the elbow) creates a hinge joint with the ulna, allowing only flexion and extension. This happens on the trochlea of the humerus. Two pits at this end of the humerus (the coronoid fossa and the olecranon fossa) allow the ulna room to move, but prevent it from over-flexing/extending.
There is also a pivot joint between the capitulum (sometimes called the capitellum) of the humerus, and the head of the radius. This allows the hand to pronate and supinate (turn to face downwards or upwards).
Muscle attachments
A variety of muscles attach to the humerus. These enable movement at the elbow and at the shoulder.The rotator cuff muscles attach at the proximal humerus, and can rotate and abduct the arm at the shoulder.
Some of the forearm muscles, (such as pronator teres, and the flexors and extensors of the wrist) also attach to the distal humerus.
Actions
- Deltoid has a variety of actions on the top of the arm.
- Pectoralis major, teres major and latissimus dorsi, which all insert at the intertubercular groove of the humerus, adduct and medially rotate the humerus.
- Biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis, and brachioradialis (which attaches very distally), act to flex the elbow. Biceps however does not attach to the humerus.
- Triceps brachii and anconeus extend the elbow, and attach to the posterior side of the humerus.
Clinical considerations
The most common type of shoulder (glenohumeral joint) dislocation is an anterior or inferior dislocation of the humerus. This dislocation has the potential to injure the axillary nerve or axillary artery. Signs and symptoms of this dislocation are: a loss of the normal contour of the shoulder, a depression under the acromion that you can feel, and being able to feel the head of humerus in the axilla (armpit).Popular culture
Since 'Humerus' is the homonym of 'humorous', it is sometimes referred to in popular culture as 'the funny bone'. However, the funny bone is actually not a bone, but refers to the ulnar nerve situated at the end of the humerus near the elbow. Accidentally hitting the funny bone can cause a tingling sensation (or 'funny' feeling), and possibly a significant amount of pain.Additional images
) Diagram of the human shoulder joint | ) Humerus (right) - anterior view | ) Humerus (right) - posterior view | Left humerus. Anterior view. |
Left humerus. Posterior view. | The left shoulder and acromioclavicular joints, and the proper ligaments of the scapula. | Cross-section through the middle of upper arm. | The Supinator. |
This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. As such, some of the information contained herein may be outdated. Please edit the article if this is the case, and feel free to remove this notice when it is no longer relevant.
Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a huge controlled vocabulary (or metadata system) for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences. Created and updated by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), it is used by the MEDLINE/PubMed
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The long bones are those that are longer than they are wide, and grow primarily by elongation of the diaphysis, with an epiphysis at the ends of the growing bone. The ends of epiphyses are covered with a hyaline cartilage ("articular cartilage").
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An arm is an upper limb of the body.
Arm (or arms) may also refer to:
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Arm (or arms) may also refer to:
- Armaments, weapons; as in Small arms, Right to bear arms
- Eta Capricorni, a star, traditional name "Arm"
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In human anatomy, the shoulder comprises the part of the body where the arm attaches to the torso. It is made up of three bones: the clavicle (collarbone), the scapula (shoulder blade), and the humerus (upper arm bone) as well as associated muscles, ligaments and tendons.
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elbow-joint is a ginglymus or hinge joint. Three bones form the elbow joint: the humerus of the upper arm, and the paired radius and ulna of the forearm.
The bony prominence at the very tip of the elbow is the olecranon process of the ulna.
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The bony prominence at the very tip of the elbow is the olecranon process of the ulna.
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skeleton or skeletal system is the biological system providing physical support in living organisms. (By extension, non-biological outline structures such as gantries or buildings may also acquire skeletons.
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scapula, or shoulder blade, is the bone that connects the humerus (arm bone) with the clavicle (collar bone).
The scapula forms the posterior part of the shoulder girdle. In humans, it is a flat bone, roughly triangular in shape.
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The scapula forms the posterior part of the shoulder girdle. In humans, it is a flat bone, roughly triangular in shape.
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The ulna (elbow bone) is a long bone, prismatic in form, placed at the medial side of the forearm, parallel with the radius.
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Articulations
The ulna articulates with:- the humerus, at the right side elbow as a hinge joint.
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The upper extremity of the humerus (proximal humerus) consists of a large rounded head joined to the body by a constricted portion called the neck, and two eminences, the greater and lesser tubercles.
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The body or shaft of the humerus is almost cylindrical in the upper half of its extent, prismatic and flattened below, and has three borders and three surfaces.
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Borders
Anterior
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The lower extremity of the humerus is flattened from before backward, and curved slightly forward; it ends below in a broad, articular surface, which is divided into two parts by a slight ridge.
Projecting on either side are the lateral and medial epicondyles.
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Projecting on either side are the lateral and medial epicondyles.
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A bursa (plural bursae or bursas; Latin: Bursa synovialis) is a small fluid-filled sac located at the point where a muscle or tendon slides across bone. Bursae serve to reduce friction between the two moving surfaces.
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The glenohumeral joint, commonly known as the shoulder joint, is a synovial ball and socket joint and involves articulation between the glenoid fossa of the scapula (shoulder blade) and the head of the humerus (upper arm bone).
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flexion is a position that is made possible by the joint angle decreasing. The skeletal (bones, cartilage, and ligaments) and muscular (muscles and tendons) systems work together to move the joint into a "flexed" position.
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Extension may refer to:
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- Extension (kinesiology), a movement of a joint in which one part of the body is moved away from another.
- Extension (metaphysics), the property of taking up space
- Extension (semantics), the set of things to which a property applied
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Trochlea (Latin for pulley) is a term in anatomy. It refers to a grooved structure reminiscent of a pulley's wheel.
Most commonly, trochleae bear the articular surface of saddle and other joints:
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Most commonly, trochleae bear the articular surface of saddle and other joints:
- Trochlea of humerus
- Trochlear process of the Calcaneus
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The humerus is a long bone in the arm or fore-legs (animals) that runs from the shoulder to the elbow. On a skeleton, it fits between the scapula and the ulna. It consists of the following three sections:
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- Upper extremity of humerus
- Body of humerus
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Above the back part of the trochlea of the humerus is a deep triangular depression, the olecranon fossa, in which the summit of the olecranon is received in extension of the forearm.
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The radius is the bone of the forearm that extends from the outside of the limb to the phlangx (lateral) of the elbow to the thumb side of the wrist. The radius is situated on the lateral side of the ulna, which exceeds it in length and size.
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MUSCLE (multiple sequence comparison by log-expectation) is public domain, multiple sequence alignment software for protein and nucleotide sequences.
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The rotator cuff (rotor cuff) is an anatomical term given to the group of muscles and their tendons that act to stabilize the shoulder. Along with the teres major and the deltoid the four muscles of the rotator cuff make up the six scapulohumeral
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For the firearm component, see .
The forearm is the structure on the upper limb, between the elbow and the wrist.[1]. This term is used in anatomy to distinguish it from the arm (or upper arm)...... Click the link for more information.
The pronator teres is a muscle of the human body (located mainly in the forearm) that, along with the pronator quadratus, serves to pronate the forearm (turning it so the palm faces downward).
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Structure
The pronator teres has two heads--humeral and ulnar...... Click the link for more information.
A flexor muscle is a skeletal muscle whose contraction bends a joint, decreasing the angle between components of a limb, such as bending the knee or elbow. This action is known as flexion.
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An extensor muscle is any skeletal muscle that opens a joint increasing the angle between components of a limb, such as straightening the knee or elbow and bending the wrist or spine. With the exception of the knee joint the movement is directed backward.
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The Extensor carpi radialis brevis is shorter and thicker than the longus, beneath which it is placed.
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Origin and insertion
It arises from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, by a tendon common to it and the three following muscles; from the radial collateral ligament..... Click the link for more information.
Lateral epicondyle can refer to:
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- Lateral epicondyle of the humerus (dorsal epicondyle in birds)
- Lateral epicondyle of the femur
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Extensor carpi ulnaris is a muscle located in the human forearm that acts to extend and adduct the wrist.
Being an extensor muscle, extensor carpi ulnaris is on the posterior side of the forearm.
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Being an extensor muscle, extensor carpi ulnaris is on the posterior side of the forearm.
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The ulna (elbow bone) is a long bone, prismatic in form, placed at the medial side of the forearm, parallel with the radius.
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Articulations
The ulna articulates with:- the humerus, at the right side elbow as a hinge joint.
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The extensor minimi digiti (extensor digiti quinti proprius) is a slender muscle of the forearm, placed on the medial side of the Extensor digitorum communis, with which it is generally connected.
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