Information about Houston Valve
| Coronal section of rectum and anal canal. | |
) | |
| Anatomy of the anus and rectum | |
| Latin | plicae transversae recti |
| subject #249 1183 | |
| Dorlands/Elsevier | p_24/12649311 |
These folds are about 12 mm. in width, and contain some of the circular fibers of the gut.
In the empty state of the intestine they overlap each other, as Houston remarks, so effectually as to require considerable maneuvering to conduct a bougie or the finger along the canal.
Their use seems to be, to support the weight of fecal matter, and prevent its urging toward the anus, where its presence always excites a sensation demanding its discharge.
They are formed from circular muscle coat of the rectal wall.
Details on each fold
They are usually three in number; sometimes a fourth is found, and occasionally only two are present.- One is situated near the commencement of the rectum, on the right side.
- A second extends inward from the left side of the tube, opposite the middle of the sacrum.
- A third, the largest and most constant, projects backward from the forepart of the rectum, opposite the fundus of the urinary bladder.
- When a fourth is present, it is situated nearly 2.5 cm. above the anus on the left and posterior wall of the tube.
Clinical significance
During sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy the scope is moved around to negotiate these folds.External links
- Shafik A, Doss S, Ali Y, Shafik A (2001). "Transverse folds of rectum: anatomic study and clinical implications.". Clin Anat 14 (3): 196-203. PMID 11301467.
Anatomy of torso, digestive system: Gastrointestinal tract | |
|---|---|
| Upper GI: to stomach | Mouth • Pharynx (nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx) • Esophagus • Crop |
| Upper GI: stomach | rugae - gastric pits - cardia/gland - fundus/gland - pylorus/gland - pyloric antrum - greater curvature - lesser curvature |
| Lower GI: intestines | Small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) • Vermiform appendix • Ileocecal valve - Large intestine: Cecum • Colon (ascending colon, hepatic flexure, transverse colon, splenic flexure, descending colon, sigmoid colon) |
| Lower GI: after intestines | Rectum (Houston valve, rectal ampulla, pectinate line) • Anal canal (anal valves, anal sinuses, anal columns) - Anus: Sphincter ani internus muscle • Sphincter ani externus muscle |
| Lower GI: continuous | GALT: Peyer's patches • M cells - intestinal villus • crypts of Lieberkhn • circular folds • taenia coli • haustra • epiploic appendix |
Latin}}}
Official status
Official language of: Vatican City
Used for official purposes, but not spoken in everyday speech
Regulated by: Opus Fundatum Latinitas
Roman Catholic Church
Language codes
ISO 639-1: la
ISO 639-2: lat
..... Click the link for more information.
Official status
Official language of: Vatican City
Used for official purposes, but not spoken in everyday speech
Regulated by: Opus Fundatum Latinitas
Roman Catholic Church
Language codes
ISO 639-1: la
ISO 639-2: lat
..... Click the link for more information.
Elsevier, the world's largest publisher of medical and scientific literature, forms part of the Reed Elsevier group. Based in Amsterdam, the company has substantial operations in the UK, USA and elsewhere.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
The rectum (from the Latin rectum intestinum, meaning straight intestine) is the final straight portion of the large intestine in some mammals, and the gut in others, terminating in the anus. The human rectum is about 12 cm long.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Lumen can mean:
..... Click the link for more information.
- Lumen (unit), the SI unit of luminous flux
- Lumen (anatomy), the cavity or channel within a tubular structure
- Thylakoid lumen, the inner membrane space of the chloroplast
..... Click the link for more information.
Bougie originally comes from France. The name "Bougie" also is urban slang for Bourgeousie, to mean uppity or "acting white" (See "Beyond Bougie" by Stephen Earley Jordan II)
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Feces, faeces, or fæces (see spelling differences) is a waste product from an animal's digestive tract expelled through the anus (or cloaca) during defecation. The word faeces is the plural of the Latin word fæx meaning "dregs".
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
anus (from Latin ānus "ring, anus") is the external opening of the rectum. Closure is controlled by sphincter muscles. Feces are expelled from the body through the anus during the act of defecation, which is the primary function of the anus.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
The sacrum is a large, triangular bone at the base of the spine and at the upper and back part of the pelvic cavity, where it is inserted like a wedge between the two hip bones.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
In anatomy, the urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular, and distensible (or elastic) organ that sits on the pelvic floor in mammals. It is the organ that collects urine excreted by the kidneys prior to disposal by urination.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Sigmoidoscopy is the minimally invasive medical examination of the large intestine from the rectum through the last part of the colon. There are two types of sigmoidoscopy, flexible sigmoidoscopy, which uses a flexible endoscope, and rigid sigmoidoscopy
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Intervention:
Colonoscopy
ICD-10 code:
ICD-9 code: 45.23
Other codes: Colonoscopy is the endoscopic examination of the large colon and the distal part of the small bowel with a CCD camera or a fiber optic camera
..... Click the link for more information.
Colonoscopy
ICD-10 code:
ICD-9 code: 45.23
Other codes: Colonoscopy is the endoscopic examination of the large colon and the distal part of the small bowel with a CCD camera or a fiber optic camera
..... Click the link for more information.
Public domain comprises the body of knowledge and innovation (especially creative works such as writing, art, music, and inventions) in relation to which no person or other legal entity can establish or maintain proprietary interests within a particular legal jurisdiction.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Henry Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body (or Gray's Anatomy as it has commonly been shortened) is an English-language human anatomy textbook widely regarded as a classic work on the subject.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Human anatomy is primarily the scientific study of the morphology of the adult human body.[1] It is subdivided into gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy.[1]
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Torso is an anatomical term for the central part of the many animal bodies (including that of the human) from which extend the neck and limbs. It is sometimes referred to as the trunk. The torso includes the thorax and abdomen.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
The digestive system is the organ system that breaks down and absorbs nutrients that are essential for growth and maintenance. The digestive system includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, (intestines), rectum, and anus.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
gastrointestinal tract (GI tract), also called the digestive tract, or the alimentary canal, is the system of organs within multicellular animals that takes in food, digests it to extract energy and nutrients, and expels the remaining waste.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
The human mouth (or oral cavity) is covered by an upper and lower lip.
The mouth starts digestion by physically chewing the food and breaking it down with saliva.
The average male mouth holds a volume of about 100mL.
..... Click the link for more information.
The mouth starts digestion by physically chewing the food and breaking it down with saliva.
The average male mouth holds a volume of about 100mL.
..... Click the link for more information.
The pharynx (plural: pharynges) is the part of the neck and throat situated immediately posterior to the mouth and nasal cavity, and cranial, or superior, to the esophagus, larynx, and trachea.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
The nasopharynx (nasal part of the pharynx) lies behind the nose and above the level of the soft palate: it differs from the oral and laryngeal parts of the pharynx in that its cavity always remains patent (open).
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
The Oropharynx (oral part of the pharynx) reaches from the soft palate to the level of the hyoid bone.
It opens anteriorly, through the isthmus faucium, into the mouth, while in its lateral wall, between the two palatine arches, is the palatine tonsil.
..... Click the link for more information.
It opens anteriorly, through the isthmus faucium, into the mouth, while in its lateral wall, between the two palatine arches, is the palatine tonsil.
..... Click the link for more information.
In human anatomy, the hypopharynx (or laryngopharynx) is the bottom part of the pharynx, and is the part of the throat that connects to the esophagus.
The superior boundary of the hypopharynx is at the level of the hyoid bone.
..... Click the link for more information.
The superior boundary of the hypopharynx is at the level of the hyoid bone.
..... Click the link for more information.
The esophagus (also spelled oesophagus/œsophagus, Greek οἰσοφάγος), or gullet
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
A crop is a thin-walled expanded portion of the alimentary tract used for the storage of food prior to digestion that is found in many animals, including gastropods, earthworms[1], leeches[2], insects, and birds.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
In anatomy, the stomach is a bean-shaped hollow muscular organ of the gastrointestinal tract involved in the second phase of digestion, following mastication. The word stomach is derived from the Latin stomachus, which derives from the Greek word
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Rugae is a term used in anatomy that refers to a series of ridges produced by folding of the wall of an organ. Most commonly the term is applied to the internal surface of the stomach. The stomach rugae may be seen during esophagogastroduodenoscopy or in radiological studies.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Gastric pits are indentations in the stomach which denote entrances to the glands. They are deeper in the pylorus than they are in the other parts of the stomach. The human stomach has several million of these pits.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
cardia (or esophagogastric junction[1][2] or gastroesophageal junction[3][4][5][6]) is the anatomical term for the junction orifice of the stomach and the esophagus.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
The cardiac glands of the stomach are few in number and occur close to the cardiac orifice where the esophagus joins the stomach.
In general, they are more shallow than those in the other parts of the stomach.
..... Click the link for more information.
In general, they are more shallow than those in the other parts of the stomach.
..... Click the link for more information.
The fundus of the stomach is the left portion of the stomach's body, and is marked off from the remainder of the body by a plane passing horizontally through the cardiac orifice.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
This article is copied from an article on Wikipedia.org - the free encyclopedia created and edited by online user community. The text was not checked or edited by anyone on our staff. Although the vast majority of the wikipedia encyclopedia articles provide accurate and timely information please do not assume the accuracy of any particular article. This article is distributed under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License.
Herod_Archelaus
