House Of Stuart

Information about House Of Stuart

House of Stuart
Scotland, England and Great Britain

Country:	Scotland
Parent House:	Clan Stuart
Titles:	High Steward of Scotland, Earl of Lennox, Duke of Aubigny, Earl of Moray, Marquess of Bute, King of Scots, King of England, King of Great Britain
Founder:	Robert II of Scotland
Final Ruler:	Anne of Great Britain
Current Head:	None agnatically. The current Jacobite claimant is Franz, Duke of Bavaria, a member of the House of Wittelsbach. The cadet branches of Bute, Moray and Appin are headed by the Earl of Dumfries, the Earl of Moray and the 17th Chief of Appin respectively.
Founding Year:	1371
Dissolution:	1714
Nationality:	Scottish
Cadet Branches:	Stuarts of Appin Stuarts of Bute Stuarts of Moray Stewart of Darnley

The Coat of Arms of King James I, the first British monarch of the House of Stuart

The House of Stuart or Stewart was a royal house of the Kingdom of Scotland, later also of the Kingdom of England, and finally of the Kingdom of Great Britain. Mary Queen of Scots adopted the French spelling Stuart while in France to ensure that the Scots Stewart was pronounced correctly. The name itself originates from the ancient hereditary Scottish title High Steward of Scotland.

The House of Stuart ruled the Kingdom of Scotland for 336 years, between 1371 and 1707. Queen Elizabeth I of England's closest heir was King James VI of Scotland via her grandfather King Henry VII of England, who was founder of the Tudor dynasty. James Stuart also ascended the thrones of the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Ireland, providing the head of all three Home Nations (inheriting English claims to the French throne) between 1603 and 1707. During this latter period, the Stuarts styled themselves "Kings/Queens of Great Britain", though there was no parliamentary union until the reign of Queen Anne, the last monarch of the House of Stuart. The Stuarts were followed by the House of Hanover, who were dynastically important from a Protestant point of view, especially in the cause of uniting Ireland under the London government. Members of various cadet and illegitimate branches still survive today, the original Clan Stuart still extant.

History

The earliest known member of the House of Stewart was Flaald I (Flaald the Seneschal), an 11th century Breton follower of the Lord of Dol and Combourg. Flaald and his immediate descendants held the hereditary and honorary post of Dapifer (food bearer) in the Lord of Dol's household. His grandson Flaald II was a supporter of Henry I of England and made the crucial move from Brittany to Britain, which was where the future fortunes of the Stewarts lay (including an evolving, longstanding tradition of intermarriage with the (de) Ferrer noble family, originally from Normandy). Walter the Steward (died 1177), the grandson of Flaald II, was born in Oswestry (Shropshire). Along with his brother William, ancestor of the Fitzalan family (the Earls of Arundel), he supported Empress Matilda during the period known as the Anarchy. Matilda was aided by her uncle, David I of Scotland, and Walter followed David north in 1141, after Matilda had been usurped by King Stephen. Walter was granted land in Renfrewshire and the position of Lord High Steward. Malcolm IV made the position hereditary and it was inherited by Walter's son, who took the surname Stewart. The sixth High Steward of Scotland, Walter Stewart (1293-1326), married Marjorie, daughter of Robert the Bruce, and also played an important part in the Battle of Bannockburn currying further favour. Their son Robert was heir to the House of Bruce; he eventually inherited the Scottish throne when his uncle David II died childless in 1371.

In 1503, James IV attempted to secure peace with England by marrying King Henry VII's daughter, Margaret Tudor. The birth of their son, later James V, brought the House of Stewart into the line of descent of the House of Tudor, and the English throne. Margaret Tudor later married Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus, and their daughter, Margaret Douglas, was the mother of Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley. In 1565, Darnley married his half-cousin Mary, the daughter of James V. Darnley's father was Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox, a member of the Stewart of Darnley branch of the House. Lennox was a direct descendant of Alexander Stewart, 4th High Steward of Scotland, also descended from James II, being Mary's heir presumptive. Therefore Darnley was also related to Mary on his father's side and at the time of their marriage was himself second in line to the Scottish throne. Because of this connection, Mary's heirs remained part of the House of Stewart. Because of the long French residence at Aubigny, held by Darnley's branch in the Auld Alliance, the surname was altered to Stuart. In feudal and dynastic terms, the Scottish reliance on French support was revived during the reign of Charles II, who had an illegitimate son by Louise de Kérouaille, Duchess of Portsmouth. This descent received the main Stuart appanages of Lennox and Aubigny, as well as the main Tudor appanage of Richmond. In such a way, the Treaty of Perpetual Peace in addition to the Auld Alliance, was symbolically represented among the nobility as it had been in the British Royal Family itself.

French connections were notoriously unpopular and resulted in the downfall of the Stuarts, whose mutual enemies identified with the emergent Protestant Germanic nationalism and urban mercantilism as opposed to Catholic Romance feudalism and rural manorialism. The Wars of the Three Kingdoms and War of the Grand Alliance eventually drove the family into the heart of the British Isles underground, becoming ironic symbols of conservative rebellion and Romanticism. Prominent Stuart descendents continued to oppose the new order, but only succeeded so long as they did it on the terms of their new masters and were not in succession to the throne. Charles Lennox, 3rd Duke of Richmond and Charles James Fox subverted the will of the reigning monarch George III of the United Kingdom in favor of the American Whigs. In this fashion, the old Stuart Tories became liberal and identified with the spirit of tolerance which James II had proposed in religious and social terms. Due to the identification of the Roman Catholic Church with the Stuarts, Catholic Emancipation was not passed until Jacobitism (as represented by direct Stuart heirs) was extinguished and King George IV would represent its legacy, for his own dynasty's success throughout Great Britain. Despite the Whig intentions of tolerance to be extended for Irish subjects, this was not the Germanic preference of Georgian Tories and their failure at compromise played a subsequent role in the present division of Ireland. Problems in Northern Ireland dating back to the Stuart Plantation of Ulster, involved a switch to the less Teutonic House of Windsor which included the Edward VIII abdication crisis and proved influential in rejecting the Imperial Federation for a decolonised Commonwealth of Nations.

Heads of the House of Stewart

Dapifers of Dol

Flaithri I (died c.1080)
Alan I (died ?)
Alan II (died 1095)
Flaithri II (died c.1101-1102)
Alan III (died c.1121)

High Stewards of Scotland

Walter the Steward, 1st High Steward of Scotland (died 1177)
Alan Stewart, 2nd High Steward of Scotland (died 1204)
Walter Stewart, 3rd High Steward of Scotland (died 1246)
Alexander Stewart, 4th High Steward of Scotland (died 1283)
James Stewart, 5th High Steward of Scotland (died 1309)
Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland (died 1326)
Robert Stewart, 7th High Steward of Scotland (became Robert II, King of Scots)

Rulers of the Scots

Rulers of Great Britain, France and Ireland

see complication over official titles

James VI of Scotland and I of England (1603-1625) - Jacobean Age
Charles I of England and Scotland (1625-1649) - Carolean Age
During the period between Charles I and Charles II, England was a Republican Commonwealth, and then a Protectorate under Oliver Cromwell and Richard Cromwell. This period of 11 years is known as the English Interregnum.
Charles II of England and Scotland (1660-1685) - Restoration Age
James II of England and VII of Scotland (1685-1688) (continued to claim the English and Scottish thrones after his deposition in 1688 until his death in 1701)
Mary II of England and Scotland (1689-1694) - with William III of England and II of Scotland, of the House of Orange-Nassau, a descendant of Charles I
Anne of Great Britain (1702-1714) - Augustan Age

Jacobite Claimants

James Francis Edward Stuart (called the "Old Pretender" by his detractors, and "the King Across the Water" by his supporters) claimed throne as James VIII of Scotland and III of England, (1701-1766)
Charles Edward Stuart (called the Young Pretender by the English), claimed throne as Charles III, known to the Scots as Bonnie Prince Charlie, (1766-1788)
Henry Benedict Stuart, claimed throne as Henry IX (1788-1807)

External links

Royal House House of Stuart
Preceded by House of Bruce	Ruling House of the Kingdom of Scotland 1371 – 1649 , 1660 – 1707	Titles Merged See Act of Union 1707'''
		Titles Merged See Act of Union 1707'''
Preceded by House of Tudor	Ruling House of the Kingdom of England 1603 – 1649 , 1660 – 1707
Preceded by New Creation	Ruling House of the Kingdom of Great Britain 1707 – 1714	Succeeded by House of Hanover

Motto
Nemo me impune lacessit (Latin)
"No one provokes me with impunity"
"Cha togar m'fhearg gun dioladh"
..... Click the link for more information.

Clan Stewart or Clan Stuart is a Highland Scottish clan. The main branch is known as the Stuarts of Bute. The chiefs of this clan would eventually become the Kings of Scotland and the Royal House of Stuart.
..... Click the link for more information.

High Steward or Great Steward was given in the 12th century to Walter Fitzalan, whose descendants became the Stewart family. In 1371, the last High Steward inherited the throne, and thereafter the title of High Steward of Scotland has been held as a subsidiary title to that
..... Click the link for more information.

Mormaer of Lennox or Earl of Lennox was the ruler of the long-lasting provincial Mormaerdom/Earldom of Lennox in the Medieval Kingdom of the Scots. The first Mormaer is usually regarded as Ailin I (also Alpin, Alun or Alwin
..... Click the link for more information.

The Scottish Dukes of Aubigny (French: Ducs d'Aubigny) had their origins in Aubigny-sur-Nère, France, from the 15th century, which was an important honour throughout the Auld Alliance and Ancien Régime.
..... Click the link for more information.

The title Earl of Moray (pronounced "Murry") has been created several times in the Peerage of Scotland. Prior to the formal establishment of the peerage, numerous individuals ruled over Moray with the title of mormaer or earl.
..... Click the link for more information.

The title Marquess of the County of Bute was created in the Peerage of Great Britain in 1796 for the 4th Earl of Bute, along with the subsidiary titles Earl of Windsor and Viscount Mountjoy, of the Isle of Wight.
..... Click the link for more information.

monarch of Scotland was the head of state of the Kingdom of Scotland. According to tradition, the first King of Scots was Kenneth MacAlpin (Cináed mac Ailpín), who founded the state in 843, although this is no longer taken seriously by historians.
..... Click the link for more information.

monarchs of England. Traditionally, the first monarch of England is listed as Egbert, Bretwalda from 829, though the kingdom was not permanently unified until 927, under Athelstan. Union with Wales was enacted in 1536, and with Scotland in 1707 to form the Kingdom of Great Britain.
..... Click the link for more information.

This is a list of the monarchs of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, that is, the monarchs on the thrones of some of the various kingdoms that have existed in the British Isles, namely:

..... Click the link for more information.

Robert II of Scotland
King of Scots

Reign 1371 – April 19, 1390
Coronation March 1371
Titles Earl of Strathearn (1357-1390)
Born March 2 1316

..... Click the link for more information.

Anne (6 February 1665 – 1 August 1714) became Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland on 8 March 1702, succeeding William III and II. Her Roman Catholic father, James II and VII, was forcibly deposed in 1688; her brother-in-law and her sister then became joint monarchs as
..... Click the link for more information.

Jacobitism was (and, to a very limited extent, remains) the political movement dedicated to the restoration of the Stuart kings to the thrones of England and Scotland. The movement took its name from the Latin form Jacobus of the name of King James II and VII.
..... Click the link for more information.

The Jacobite Stuarts who claimed the thrones of England, Scotland, Ireland and France after the Glorious Revolution of 1688 were:

James II and VII (February 6, 1685 – 16 September 1701).

..... Click the link for more information.

Franz Bonaventura Adalbert Maria Herzog von Bayern (born July 14 1933), styled as His Royal Highness The Duke of Bavaria, is head of the Wittelsbach family, the former ruling family of the Kingdom of Bavaria.
..... Click the link for more information.

Wittelsbach family is a European royal family and a German dynasty from Bavaria.

Origin

Berthold, Margrave in Bavaria (died 980), was the ancestor of Otto I, Count of Scheyern (died 1072), whose 3rd son Otto II, Count of Dachau acquired the castle of Wittelsbach (near
..... Click the link for more information.

Clan Stewart of Appin

^{Crest of Clan Stewart of Appin}
Chief's Arms
A unicorn's head, crined and armed
Chief's Motto
Quhidder Well Zie (Wither Will Ye)
Clan Plant Badge
Oak
Clan War Cry
..... Click the link for more information.

John Colum Crichton-Stuart, 7th Marquess of Bute (born 26 April 1958, Rothesay, Isle of Bute), styled Earl of Dumfries before 1993 and from this courtesy title usually known as Johnny Dumfries, is a Scottish peer and a former racing driver.
..... Click the link for more information.

1371 in other calendars
Gregorian calendar 1371
MCCCLXXI
Ab urbe condita 2124
Armenian calendar 820
ԹՎ ՊԻ
Bah' calendar -473 – -472
Buddhist calendar 1915
..... Click the link for more information.

17th century - 18th century - 19th century
1680s 1690s 1700s - 1710s - 1720s 1730s 1740s
1711 1712 1713 - 1714 - 1715 1716 1717

:
Subjects: Archaeology - Architecture -
..... Click the link for more information.

Scottish people (Scottish Gaelic: Albannach) are a nation^[6] and an ethnic group indigenous to Scotland. As an ethnic group, Scots are a composition of groups such as Picts, Gaels, Brythons, Angles, and Norse.
..... Click the link for more information.

Stewart of Darnley was a notable Scots family, a branch of the House of Stewart, whose claim to the throne of England provided the dynastic basis for the ultimate union of the two main kingdoms of Great Britain: England and Scotland.
..... Click the link for more information.

Royal House or royal dynasty is a familial designation, or family name of sorts, used by royalty. It generally represents the members of a family in various senior and junior or cadet branches, who are loosely related but not necessarily of the same immediate kin.
..... Click the link for more information.

Scotland.

The Kingdom of Scotland (Gaelic: Rìoghachd na h-Alba Scots: Kinrick o Scotland) was a state located in Western Europe, in the northern third of the island of Great Britain - modern day Scotland.
..... Click the link for more information.

This article is copied from an article on Wikipedia.org - the free encyclopedia created and edited by online user community. The text was not checked or edited by anyone on our staff. Although the vast majority of the wikipedia encyclopedia articles provide accurate and timely information please do not assume the accuracy of any particular article. This article is distributed under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License.

Herod_Archelaus

iPedia Free Information Center