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Hell, as illustrated in Hortus deliciarum.
Hortus deliciarum (Garden of Delights) is a medieval manuscript compiled by Herrad of Landsberg at the Hohenburg Abbey in Alsace. It was an illuminated encyclopedia, begun in 1167 as a pedagogical tool for young novices at the convent. It was finished in 1185, and was one of the most celebrated illuminated manuscripts of the period.[1] The majority of the work is in Latin, with glosses in German.

Most of the manuscript was not original, but was a compendium of 12th century knowledge. The manuscript contained poems, illustrations, and music, and drew from texts by classical and Arab writers.[1] Interspersed with writings from other sources were poems by Herrad, addressed to the nuns, almost all of which were set to music.[2] The most famous portion of the manuscript is the illustrations, of which there were 336, which symbolised various themes, including theosophical, philosophical, and literary themes. These works are well regarded.[1]

In 1870 the manuscript was burnt and destroyed when the owning library in Strasbourg was bombed during the Siege of Strasbourg. It is possible to reconstruct parts of the manuscript because portions of it had been copied in various sources; Christian Maurice Engelhardt copied the miniatures in 1818, and the text was copied and published by Straub and Keller between 1879 and 1899.[1][3]

Hortus deliciarum is one of the first sources of polyphony originating from a nunnery. The manuscript contained at least 20 song texts, all of which were originally notated with music. Those which can be recognized now are from the conductus repertory, and are mainly note against note in texture. The notation was in semi-quadratic neumes with pairs of four-line staves.[1] Two songs survive with music intact: Primus parens hominum, a monophonic song, and a two part work, Sol oritur occasus.[4]

References

  • Nicky Losseff. "Herrad of Landsberg", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (accessed January 17 2006), grovemusic.com (subscription access).
  • William Turner (1913). "]". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 
  • Women Making Music: the Western Musical Tradition, 1150-1950 ed. J. Bowers and J. Tick. "'Ful weel she soong the service dyvyne': The Cloistered Musician in the Middle Ages" by Anne Bagnall Yardley. Urbana, IL. 1986. ISBN 0-252-01470-7

Notes

1. ^ Grove
2. ^ Yardley, pg. 19
3. ^ Catholic Encyclopedia
4. ^ Yardley, pg. 19

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Middle Ages form the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three "ages": the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages and Modern Times.
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manuscript is any document that is written by hand, as opposed to being printed or reproduced in some other way. The term may also be used for information that is hand-recorded in other ways than writing, for example inscriptions that are chiselled upon a hard material or scratched
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Herrad of Landsberg (c.1130 - July 25 1195) was a 12th century Alsatian nun and abbess of Hohenburg Abbey in the Vosges mountains. She is known as the author of the pictorial encyclopedia Hortus deliciarum (The Garden of Delights).
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For the town in Bavaria, see Hohenburg, Bavaria.

Hohenburg Abbey was a nunnery, situated on the Odilienberg, the most famous of the Vosges mountains in Alsace.[1]

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illuminated manuscript is a manuscript in which the text is supplemented by the addition of decoration, such as decorated initials, borders and miniature illustrations. In the strictest definition of the term, an illuminated manuscript only refers to manuscripts decorated with gold
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