Hopi Language

Information about Hopi Language

Hippie (Hopilàvayi)
Spoken in:	United States
Region:	Northeastern Arizona
Total speakers:	≈5000
Ranking:
Genetic classification:
Official status
Official language of:
Regulated by:
Language codes
ISO 639-1
ISO 639-2	nai
SIL
See also: Language – List of languages

Hopi is an Uto-Aztecan language spoken by the Hopi people of northeastern Arizona, USA, although today some Hopi are monolingual English speakers.

The use of the language gradually declined over the course of the 20th century. In 1990, it was estimated that over 5,000 other people could speak Hopi natively, at least 40 of them monolingual.

Despite the fact that relatively few people can speak Hopi, it is very unlikely that it will face the danger of extinction in the near future, as the language is making a comeback. Many Hopi children are being raised in the language, a comprehensive Hopi-English dictionary has been published, and a group called the Hopi Literacy Project has focused its attention on promoting the language. As well as its use in the film Koyaanisqatsi and its sequels

Phonology

Hopi has six vowels, written a', e, i, o, u, and ö. The first five are pronounced approximately as in the English words par, pet, pit, pore, and put, while the last is roughly the same as in German (in the IPA, they are respectively /ɑ/, /e/, /i/, /o/, /ɨ/, and /ø/). All six vowels occur in long and short forms; long vowels are indicated in writing by doubling them.

The consonants of Hopi are

	Labial	Dental	Palatal	Retroflex	Velar			Uvular		Glottal
	Labial	Dental	Palatal	Retroflex	Palatalized	Plain	Labialized	Plain	Labialized	Glottal
Stop	p	t			kʲ	k	kʷ	q	qʷ	ʔ
Affricate		ʦ
Voiceless Fricative				ʂ						h
Voiced Fricative	v			ʐ
Nasal	m	n			ŋʲ	ŋ	ŋʷ
Approximant		l	j				w

(/β/, spelled v, is apparently both a phoneme in its own right as well as an intervocallic allophone of /p/.)

Metaphysics

Benjamin Lee Whorf, a well-known linguist, used the Hopi language to exemplify his argument that one's world-view is affected by one's language and vice-versa. Among Whorf's most astounding claims was that Hopi had “no words, grammatical forms, construction or expressions or that refer directly to what we call “time”.”^[1] However, other linguists and philosophers are skeptical of Whorf's argument, and his findings on Hopi have been disputed or rejected.^[2]

Notes

1. ^ Carroll, John B. (ed.)(1956). Language Thought and Reality: Selected Writings of Benjamin Lee Whorf. MIT Press, Boston, Massachusetts. ISBN 0262730065 9780262730068
2. ^ Setting the Record Straight About Native Languages: Language Complexity. Native Languages of the Americas. Retrieved on 2007-05-01.

Bibliography

Hopi Dictionary Project (University of Arizona Bureau of Applied Research in Anthropology). Hopi Dictionary : Hopìikwa Lavàytutuveni: A Hopi-English Dictionary of the Third Mesa Dialect With an English-Hopi Finder List and a Sketch of Hopi Grammar, University of Arizona Press, 1998. ISBN 0-8165-1789-4
Kennard, Edward A. and Albert Yava. Field Mouse Goes to War: Tusan Homichi Tuwvöta. Palmer Lake, Colorado: Filter Press, 1999.

External links

Motto
"In God We Trust" (since 1956)
"E Pluribus Unum" ("From Many, One"; Latin, traditional)
Anthem
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Arizona State Symbols
Living Symbols
-Animal Ringtail Cat
-Bird Cactus Wren
-Butterfly Two-Tailed Swallowtail
-Fish Apache Trout
-Flower Saguaro Blossom
-Furbearer Ringtail Cat
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This is a list of languages, ordered by the number of native-language speakers, with some data for second-language use. Languages are listed for secondary locations only when spoken by more than 1% of the population.
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A language family is a group of languages related by descent from a common ancestor, called the proto-language. As with biological families, the evidence of relationship is observable shared characteristics.
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This is a list of bodies that regulate standard languages.

Afrikaans Die Taalkommissie, South Africa
Arabic Academy of the Arabic Language (مجمع اللغة العربية, Syria, Egypt, Jordan,
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ISO 639 is the set of international standards that lists short codes for language names.

ISO 639 consists of different parts, of which two parts have been approved and a third part that is in the final approval (FDIS) stage. The other parts are works in progress.
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Ethnologue: Languages of the World is a web and print publication of SIL International (formerly known as the Summer Institute of Linguistics), a Christian linguistic service organization which studies lesser-known languages primarily to provide the speakers with Bibles in
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See Language (journal) for the linguistics journal.

A language is a system of symbols and the rules used to manipulate them. Language can also refer to the use of such systems as a general phenomenon.
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lists of languages:

List of languages by name
List of languages by writing system
List of languages by number of native speakers
Ethnologue list of most spoken languages

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Uto-Aztecan (also Uto-Aztekan) is a Native American language family. It is one of the largest (both in geographical extension and number of languages) and most well-established linguistic families of the Americas.
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Hopi are Native American people who primarily live on the 6,557.262 km² (2,531.773 sq mi) Hopi Reservation in northeastern Arizona.

The reservation had a 2000 census population of 6,946 persons. Its largest community is First Mesa, Arizona.
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English}}}
Writing system: Latin (English variant)
Official status
Official language of: 53 countries
Regulated by: no official regulation
Language codes
ISO 639-1: en
ISO 639-2: eng
ISO 639-3: eng
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All Movie Guide profile
IMDb profile
Koyaanisqatsi: Life out of Balance is a 1982 film directed by Godfrey Reggio with music composed by minimalist composer Philip Glass and cinematography by Ron Fricke.
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International Phonetic Alphabet

Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode.

The International
Phonetic Alphabet
History
Nonstandard symbols
Extended IPA
Naming conventions
IPA for English The
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Labials are consonants articulated either with both lips (bilabial articulation) or with the lower lip and the upper teeth (labiodental articulation). English [m]
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In linguistics, a dental consonant or dental is a consonant that is articulated with the tongue against the upper teeth, such as /t/, /d/
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Palatal consonants are consonants articulated with the body of the tongue raised against the hard palate (the middle part of the roof of the mouth). Consonants with the tip of the tongue curled back against the palate are called retroflex.
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In phonetics, retroflex consonants are consonant sounds used in some languages. (They are sometimes referred to as cerebral consonants, especially in indology.
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Velars are consonants articulated with the back part of the tongue (the dorsum) against the soft palate (the back part of the roof of the mouth, known also as the velum).
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Uvulars are consonants articulated with the back of the tongue against or near the uvula, that is, further back in the mouth than velar consonants. Uvulars may be plosives, fricatives, nasal stops, trills, or approximants, though the IPA does not provide a separate symbol for the
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Glottal consonants are consonants articulated with the glottis. Many phoneticians consider them, or at least the so-called fricatives, to be transitional states of the glottis without a point of articulation as other consonants have; in fact, some do not consider them to be
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Palatalization or palatalisation (IPA: /ˌpælətəlɨˈzeɪʃən/) generally refers to two phenomena:

As a process or the result of a process

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Labialisation is a secondary articulatory feature of sounds in some languages. Labialized sounds involve the lips while the remainder of the oral cavity produces another sound. The term is normally used to refer to consonants.
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stop, plosive, or occlusive is a consonant sound produced by stopping the airflow in the vocal tract. The terms plosive and stop are usually used interchangeably, but they are not perfect synonyms.
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Affricate consonants begin as stops (most often an alveolar, such as [t] or [d]) but release as a fricative (such as [s]
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Fricatives (or spirants) are consonants produced by forcing air through a narrow channel made by placing two articulators close together. These are the lower lip against the upper teeth in the case of [f]
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nasal consonant is produced when the velum—that fleshy part of the palate near the back—is lowered, allowing air to escape freely through the nose. The oral cavity still acts as a resonance chamber for the sound, but the air does not escape through the mouth as it is
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