Hominina

Information about Hominina

Hominina

Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Primates
Superfamily:	Hominoidea
Family:	Hominidae
Subfamily:	Homininae
Tribe:	Hominini
Subtribe:	Hominina

Genera

Homo (humans)
Paranthropus (extinct)
Australopithecus (extinct)
Sahelanthropus (extinct)
Orrorin (extinct)
Ardipithecus (extinct)
Kenyanthropus (extinct)

For an explanation of very similar terms see Hominid.

The more anthropomorphic primates of the Hominini tribe are placed in the Hominina subtribe. They are characterized by the evolution of an increasingly erect bipedal locomotion. The only extant species is Homo sapiens. Fossil records indicate this subtribe branched from the common ancestor with the chimpanzee lineage about 3 to 5 million years ago.

This subtribe is usually described to include Australopithecus, Paranthropus, Sahelanthropus, Orrorin, Ardipithecus, Kenyanthropus, and Homo. However, the exact makeup is still under debate, as some scientists struggle to determine the order of descent in human evolution.

Key features of this group involve various adaptations for living terrestrially instead of arboreally. One feature is an erect bipedal stance and the skull placed on top of the vertebral column. The feet are not prehensile unlike the rest of primates, because the first toe is but robust and aligned with the other four. The hands have a developed opposable thumb and are quite adept at manipulating objects.

Currently it is believed that about 2.6 million years ago, Australopithecus began to diverge into two paths, on the one hand to Paranthropus, more robust, specialized in an herbivorous diet that required a stronger jaw and molars and powerful facial muscles that required a cranial crest to unite them. The other track led to Homo with a relatively larger brain, more graceful teeth and jaw. Both genera existed at the same time for about a million and a half years.

There are many names given to fossils belonging to subtribe Hominina.

• • [ e] The great apes
Extant genera	Pongo Gorilla Pan Homo
Extant species	Bornean Orangutan Sumatran Orangutan Western Gorilla Eastern Gorilla Common Chimpanzee Bonobo Human
Great ape study	Aquatic ape hypothesis Ape language Ape Trust Goodall Chimpanzee genome project Human genome project
Legal status	Personhood Research ban Declaration Kinshasa Declaration Great Ape Project Survival Project
See also...	Bushmeat Ape extinction List of notable apes Human evolution

Scientific classification or biological classification is a method by which biologists group and categorize species of organisms. Scientific classification also can be called scientific taxonomy, but should be distinguished from folk taxonomy, which lacks scientific basis.
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Chordata
Bateson, 1885

Typical Classes

See below

Chordates (phylum Chordata) are a group of animals that includes the vertebrates, together with several closely related invertebrates.
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Mammalia
Linnaeus, 1758

Subclasses & Infraclasses

Subclass †Allotheria*
Subclass Prototheria
Subclass Theria

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Primates
Linnaeus, 1758

Families

15, See classification

A primate is any member of the biological order Primates, the group that contains all the species commonly related to the lemurs, monkeys, and apes, with the last category
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An ape is a member of the Hominoidea superfamily of primates.

Ape or APE may also refer to:

Ape, Inc., video game development company
Ape, Latvia, a town in Latvia, northwest of Alūksne
A*P*E, a 1976 film

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Homininae
Gray, 1825

Tribes

Gorillini
Hominini

Homininae is a subfamily of Hominidae, including Homo sapiens and some extinct relatives, as well as the gorillas and the chimpanzees.
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Hominini
Gray, 1825

Genera

Subtribe Panina

Pan (chimpanzees)

Subtribe Hominina

Homo (humans)
†Paranthropus
†Australopithecus
†Sahelanthropus
†Orrorin

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genus (plural: genera) is part of the Latinized name for an organism. It is a name which reflects the classification of the organism by grouping it with other closely similar organisms.
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Homo
Linnaeus, 1758

Species

Homo sapiens
See text for extinct species.
Homo is the genus that includes modern humans and their close relatives. The genus is estimated to be between 1.5 and 2.5 million years old.
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Paranthropus
Broom, 1938

Species
†Paranthropus aethiopicus
†Paranthropus boisei
†Paranthropus robustus

The robust australopithecines, members of the extinct hominin genus
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Australopithecus
R.A. Dart, 1925

Species
†A. afarensis ("Lucy")
†A. africanus
†A. anamensis
†A. bahrelghazali
†A.
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Sahelanthropus
Brunet et al, 2002

Species: S. tchadensis

Binomial name
†Sahelanthropus tchadensis
Brunet et al, 2002

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Orrorin
Senut et al, 2001

Species: O. tugenensis

Binomial name
†Orrorin tugenensis
Senut et al, 2001

Orrorin tugenensis
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Ardipithecus
White et al., 1995

Species
†Ardipithecus kadabba
†Ardipithecus ramidus

Ardipithecus is a very early hominin genus (subfamily Homininae).
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Kenyanthropus

Species: K. platyops

Binomial name
†Kenyanthropus platyops
Leakey et al.
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For the book by Robert J. Sawyer, see .

A hominid is any member of the biological family Hominidae (the "great apes"), including the extinct and extant humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans.
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This article or section may contain original research or unverified claims.

Please help Wikipedia by adding references. See the for details.
This article has been tagged since October 2007.

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Primates
Linnaeus, 1758

Families

15, See classification

Hominini
Gray, 1825

Genera

Subtribe Panina

Pan (chimpanzees)

Subtribe Hominina

Homo (humans)
†Paranthropus
†Australopithecus
†Sahelanthropus
†Orrorin

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Bipedalism is standing, or moving for example by walking, running, or hopping, on two appendages (typically legs). An animal or machine that usually moves in a bipedal manner is known as a biped (/'baɪ.
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Panina

Genus: Pan
Oken, 1816

Type species
Simia troglodytes
Blumenbach, 1775

distribution of Pan spp.

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Australopithecus
R.A. Dart, 1925

Species
†A. afarensis ("Lucy")
†A. africanus
†A. anamensis
†A. bahrelghazali
†A.
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Sahelanthropus
Brunet et al, 2002

Species: S. tchadensis

Binomial name
†Sahelanthropus tchadensis
Brunet et al, 2002

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Orrorin
Senut et al, 2001

Species: O. tugenensis

Binomial name
†Orrorin tugenensis
Senut et al, 2001

Orrorin tugenensis
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Hominina

Information about Hominina