Information about History Of Construction
Man has constructed buildings and other structures since prehistory. The technology and economy of construction work has changed throughout history.
As steel was mass-produced from the mid-19th century, it was used, in form of I-beams and reinforced concrete. Glass panes also went into mass production, and changed from luxury to every man's property.
With the second industrial revolution in the early 20th century, elevators and cranes made high rise buildings and skyscrapers possible, while engineering vehicles and power tools decreased the workforce needed. Other new technologies were prefabrication and computer-aided design.
Trade unions were formed to protect construction workers' interest. Personal protective equipment such as hard hats and earmuffs also came into use.
From the 20th century, governmental construction projects were used as a part of macroeconomic stimulation policies, especially during the Great depression (see New Deal).
In the end of the 20th century, ecology, energy conservation and sustainable development have become more important issues of construction.
..... Click the link for more information.
Macadam is a type of road construction pioneered by the Scotsman John Loudon McAdam in around 1820.
..... Click the link for more information.
Ancient construction
As cities formed, professional crafts like masonry, metalworking and woodworking emerged. Simple machines like levers and pulleys came into use, as well as nails. Arches, vaults and domes were used to create spans. In ancient Rome, concrete was invented. Occasionally, slaves were used as workforce, but not as often as depicted in popular culture (for instance, the Egyptian pyramids were built by free men). Some construction works were done as corvée.Medieval construction
In the Middle Ages of Europe, cathedrals were the greatest construction projects. Craftsmen became organized in guilds. The pile driver was invented around 1500.Industrial construction
The industrial revolution was manifested in new kinds of transportation installations, such as railways, canals and macadam roads. These required large amounts of investment. New construction devices included steam engines, machine tools, explosives and optical surveying.As steel was mass-produced from the mid-19th century, it was used, in form of I-beams and reinforced concrete. Glass panes also went into mass production, and changed from luxury to every man's property.
With the second industrial revolution in the early 20th century, elevators and cranes made high rise buildings and skyscrapers possible, while engineering vehicles and power tools decreased the workforce needed. Other new technologies were prefabrication and computer-aided design.
Trade unions were formed to protect construction workers' interest. Personal protective equipment such as hard hats and earmuffs also came into use.
From the 20th century, governmental construction projects were used as a part of macroeconomic stimulation policies, especially during the Great depression (see New Deal).
In the end of the 20th century, ecology, energy conservation and sustainable development have become more important issues of construction.
See also
construction is the building or assembly of any infrastructure on a site or sites. Although this may not be thought of as a single activity, in fact construction is a feat of multitasking.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
building may refer to one of the following:
..... Click the link for more information.
- Any man-made structure used or intended for supporting or sheltering any use or continuous occupancy, or
- An act of construction.
..... Click the link for more information.
Prehistory (Latin, præ = before Greek, ιστορία = history) is a term often used to describe the period before written history. Paul Tournal originally coined the term Pré-historique
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
A craft is a skill, especially involving practical arts. It may refer to a trade or particular art.
The term is often used as part of a longer word (and also in the plural).
..... Click the link for more information.
The term is often used as part of a longer word (and also in the plural).
..... Click the link for more information.
Masonry is the building of structures from individual units laid in and bound together by mortar (though the word "masonry" sometimes means the stones, rather than the act or art of building, particularly in the expression "falling masonry" used in reports of fires and earthquakes).
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject.
Please help recruit one or [ improve this article] yourself. See the talk page for details.
..... Click the link for more information.
Please help recruit one or [ improve this article] yourself. See the talk page for details.
..... Click the link for more information.
Woodworking is the process of building, making or carving something using wood.
..... Click the link for more information.
History
Along with stone, mud, and animal parts, wood was certainly one of the first materials worked by primitive human beings...... Click the link for more information.
simple machine is any device that only requires the application of a single force to work. Work is done when a force is applied and results in movement over a set distance. The work done is the product of the force and the distance.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
lever (from French lever, "to raise", c.f. a levant) is a rigid object that is used with an appropriate fulcrum or pivot point to multiply the mechanical force that can be applied to another object.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
pulley (also called a sheave or block) is a wheel with a groove between two flanges around its circumference. The groove normally locates a rope, cable or belt. Pulleys are used to change the direction of an applied force, transmit rotational motion, or realize a mechanical
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
nail is a pin-shaped, sharp object of hard metal, typically steel, used as a fastener. Nails for specialised purposes may also be made of stainless steel, brass or aluminium.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
arch is a curved structure capable of spanning a space while supporting significant weight (e.g. a doorway in a stone wall). The arch appeared in Mesopotamia, Indus Valley civilization, Egypt, Assyria, Etruria, and later refined in Ancient Rome.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
A Vault (French. voute, Italian. volta, German. Gewölbe, Polish. sklepienie) is an architectural term for an arched form used to provide a space with a ceiling or roof.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
dome is a common structural element of architecture that resembles the hollow upper half of a sphere.
..... Click the link for more information.
Description
Domes do not have to be perfectly spherical in cross-section, however; a section through a dome may be an ellipse...... Click the link for more information.
Concrete is a construction material that consists of cement (commonly Portland cement) as well as other cementitious materials such as fly ash and slag cement, aggregate (generally a coarse aggregate such as gravel limestone or granite, plus a fine aggregate such as sand or
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
"Slaves" redirects here. For other uses, see Slavery.
It may never be fully completed or, depending on its its nature, it may be that it can never be completed. However, new and revised entries in the list are always welcome...... Click the link for more information.
Pyramids of Egypt are among the largest constructions ever built[1] and constitute one of the most potent and enduring symbols of Ancient Egyptian civilization. Most were built during the Old and Middle Kingdom periods[2].
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Corvée is unpaid labour that persons in power compel their subjects to perform. It differs from slavery in that the worker is not owned outright -- being free in various respects other than in the dispensation of his or her labour -- and the work is usually intermittent; typically
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
cathedral is a Christian church that contains the seat of a bishop. It is a religious building for worship, specifically of a denomination with an episcopal hierarchy, such as the Roman Catholic, Anglican, Orthodox and some Lutheran churches, which serves as a bishop's seat, and
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
A guild is an association of craftspeople in a particular trade. The earliest guilds are believed to have been formed in India circa 3800 BC, and though they are not as commonplace as they were a few centuries ago, many guilds continue to flourish around the world today.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
pile driver or piledriver is a mechanical device used to drive piles into soil to provide foundation support for buildings or other structures. The term is also used in reference to members of the construction crew that work with pile-driving rigs.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, and transportation had a profound effect on socioeconomic and cultural conditions in Britain and subsequently spread throughout the world, a process that
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Transport or transportation is the movement of people and goods from one place to another. The term is derived from the Latin trans ("across") and portare ("to carry").
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Rail transport is the transport of passengers and goods by means of wheeled vehicles specially designed to run along railways or railroads. Rail transport is part of the logistics chain, which facilitates the international trading and economic growth in most countries.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Canals are artificial channels for water.
There are two main types of canals: irrigation canals, which are used for the delivery of water, and waterways, which are navigable transportation canals used for passage of goods and people, often connected to (and sometimes
..... Click the link for more information.
There are two main types of canals: irrigation canals, which are used for the delivery of water, and waterways, which are navigable transportation canals used for passage of goods and people, often connected to (and sometimes
..... Click the link for more information.
For the regions of imperceptible color differences, see .
Macadam is a type of road construction pioneered by the Scotsman John Loudon McAdam in around 1820.
..... Click the link for more information.
Investment or investing[1] is a term with several closely-related meanings in business management, finance and economics, related to saving or deferring consumption.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
steam engine is an external combustion heat engine that makes use of the heat energy that exists in steam, converting it to mechanical work.
Steam engines were used as the prime mover in pumping stations, locomotives, steam ships, traction engines, steam lorries and other
..... Click the link for more information.
Steam engines were used as the prime mover in pumping stations, locomotives, steam ships, traction engines, steam lorries and other
..... Click the link for more information.
A machine tool is a powered mechanical device, typically used to fabricate metal components of machines by machining, which is the selective removal of metal. The term machine tool
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
explosive material is a material that either is chemically or otherwise energetically unstable or produces a sudden expansion of the material usually accompanied by the production of heat and large changes in pressure (and typically also a flash and/or loud noise) upon initiation;
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
This article is copied from an article on Wikipedia.org - the free encyclopedia created and edited by online user community. The text was not checked or edited by anyone on our staff. Although the vast majority of the wikipedia encyclopedia articles provide accurate and timely information please do not assume the accuracy of any particular article. This article is distributed under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License.
Herod_Archelaus
