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Information about Hickory

For other meanings of Hickory please see Hickory (disambiguation).
Hickory
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Shagbark Hickory, Carya ovata

Shagbark Hickory, Carya ovata
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Plantae
Division:Magnoliophyta
Class:Magnoliopsida
Order:Fagales
Family:Juglandaceae
Genus:Carya
Nutt.
Species
See text


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Comparison of North American Carya nuts
Trees in the genus Carya (from Ancient Greek kary "nut") are commonly known as Hickory. The genus includes 17-19 species of deciduous trees with pinnately compound leaves and large nuts. A dozen or so species are native to North America (11–12 in the United States, 1 in Mexico), and 5–6 species from China and Indochina.

Another Asian species, Beaked Hickory, previously listed as Carya sinensis, is now treated in a separate genus Annamocarya, as Annamocarya sinensis.

Hickory flowers are small yellow-green catkins produced in spring. They are anemophilous and self-incompatible. The fruit is a globose or oval nut, 2–5 cm long and 1.5–3 cm diameter, enclosed in a four-valved husk which splits open at maturity. The nut shell is thick and bony in most species, thin in a few, notably C. illinoinensis; it is divided into two halves which split apart when the seed germinates.

Species and classification

In the APG system, genus Carya (and the whole Juglandaceae family) has been recently moved to the Fagales order.

North America
Asia
  • Carya sect. Sinocarya — asian hickories
  • Carya dabieshanensis Dabie Shan Hickory (may be synonymous with C. cathayensis)
  • Carya cathayensis Chinese Hickory
  • Carya hunanensis Hunan Hickory
  • Carya kweichowensis Guizhou Hickory
  • Carya poilanei Poilane's Hickory
  • Carya tonkinensis Vietnamese Hickory
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Carya cordiformis (Bitternut Hickory) foliage
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Ripe hickory nuts ready to fall, Andrews, SC


Hickory is used as a food plant by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species. These include: Another insect that uses the hickory tree as a food source is the hickory leaf stem gall phylloxera (Phylloxera caryaecaulis). Phylloxeridae are related to aphids and have a similarly complex life cycle. Eggs hatch in early spring and the galls quickly form around the developing insects. Phylloxera galls may damage weakened or stressed hickories, but are generally harmless. Deformed leaves and twigs can rain down from the tree in the spring as squirrels break off infected tissue and eat the galls, possibly for the protein content of the phylloxera, or possibly because the galls are fleshy and tasty to the squirrels.

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Nuts from the pecan trees are a popular food.

Uses

Hickory wood is extremely tough, yet flexible, and is valued for tool handles, bows (like yew), wheel spokes, carts, drumsticks, golf club shafts (sometimes still called hickory stick, even though made of steel or graphite), walking canes etc. and for punitive use as a switch or rod (like hazel), and especially as a cane-like hickory stick in schools. Baseball bats (also used as substitute paddle or even modified for physical punishment) were formerly made of hickory but are now more commonly made of ash. Hickory is also highly prized for wood-burning stoves, because of its high caloric content. Hickory wood is also a preferred type for smoke curing meats. In the Southern US, hickory is popular for cooking barbecue, as hickory grows abundantly in the region, and adds flavor to the meat. Hickory is sometimes used for hardwood flooring due to its durability and character.

A bark extract from shagbark hickory is also used in an edible syrup that is similar to maple syrup, with a slightly bitter, smoky taste.

The nuts of some species are palatable, while others are bitter and only suitable for animal feed. Shagbark and Shellbark Hickories, along with the Pecan, are regarded by some as the finest nut trees.

When cultivated for their nuts, note that because of their self-incompatibility, clonal (grafted) trees of the same cultivar cannot pollenize each other. Two or more different cultivars must be planted together for successful pollination. Seedlings (grown from hickory nuts) will usually have sufficient genetic variation.

External links

Hickory may refer to:
  • Hickory, a type of tree (Carya species) found in North America and East Asia.
  • Places in the United States:
  • Hickory, Alabama

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C. ovata

Binomial name
Carya ovata
(Mill.) K.Koch

The Shagbark Hickory (Carya ovata) is a common hickory in the eastern United States and southeast Canada.
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Scientific classification or biological classification is a method by which biologists group and categorize species of organisms. Scientific classification also can be called scientific taxonomy, but should be distinguished from folk taxonomy, which lacks scientific basis.
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Plantae
Haeckel, 1866[1]

Divisions

Green algae
  • Chlorophyta
  • Charophyta
Land plants (embryophytes)
  • Non-vascular land plants (bryophytes)

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Magnoliophyta

Classes

Magnoliopsida - Dicots
Liliopsida - Monocots

The flowering plants or angiosperms are the most widespread group of land plants. The flowering plants and the gymnosperms comprise the two extant groups of seed plants.
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Magnoliopsida
Brongniart

Orders

See text.
Dicotyledons, or "dicots", is a name for a group of flowering plants whose seed typically contains two embryonic leaves or cotyledons.
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Fagales
Engler

Families

See text.

The Fagales are an order of flowering plants, including some of the best known trees. The order name is derived from genus Fagus, Beeches. They belong among the rosid group of dicotyledons.
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Juglandaceae
A. Richard ex Kunth

Genera

Alfaroa
Carya (hickory and pecan)
Cyclocarya (wheel wingnut)
Engelhardia (cheo)
Juglans (walnut)
Oreomunnia
Platycarya

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Thomas Nuttall (January 5, 1786 - September 10, 1859) was an English botanist and zoologist, who lived and worked in America from 1808 until 1841.

Nuttall was born in the village of Long Preston, near Settle in the West Riding of Yorkshire and spent some years as an
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Ancient Greek refers to the second stage in the history of the Greek language[1] as it existed during the Archaic (9th–6th centuries BC) and Classical (5th–4th centuries BC) periods in Greece.
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Nut may be:
  • Nut (fruit), a type of fruit borne by certain flowering plants
  • Nut (hardware), a fastener with internal screw thread
  • Nut (linear positioning), the moving element along a lead screw or ball screw

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Deciduous means "temporary" or "tending to fall off" (deriving from the Latin word decidere, to fall off) and is typically used in reference to trees or shrubs that lose their leaves seasonally.
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leaf is an above-ground plant organ specialized for photosynthesis. For this purpose, a leaf is typically flat (laminar) and thin, to expose the cells containing chloroplast (chlorenchyma tissue, a type of parenchyma) to light over a broad area, and to allow light to penetrate
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nut can be either a seed or a fruit.

Botanical definitions

A nut in botany is a simple dry fruit with one seed (rarely two) in which the ovary wall becomes very hard (stony or woody) at maturity, and where the seed remains unattached or unfused with the
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North America is a continent [1] in the Earth's northern hemisphere and (chiefly) western hemisphere. It is bordered on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the east by the North Atlantic Ocean, on the southeast by the Caribbean Sea, and on the south and west
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Motto
"In God We Trust"   (since 1956)
"E Pluribus Unum"   ("From Many, One"; Latin, traditional)
Anthem
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Anthem
Himno Nacional Mexicano


Capital
(and largest city) Mexico City

Official languages Spanish (
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This page contains Chinese text.
Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters.
China (Traditional Chinese:
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Indochina, or the Indochinese Peninsula, is a region in Southeast Asia. It lies roughly east of India, south of China.

Note that the term Sino-Indian is used to describe things relating to India and China. (e.g. Sino-Indian relations).
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Annamocarya
A.Chev.

Species: A. sinensis

Binomial name
Annamocarya sinensis
(Dode) Leroy

Annamocarya
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Catkins, or aments, are slim, cylindrical flower clusters, wind-pollinated (anemophilous) and with inconspicous or no petals. They contain many unisexual flowers, arranged closely along a central stem which is often drooping.
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Pollination is an important step in the reproduction of seed plants: the transfer of pollen grains (male gametes) to the plant carpel, the structure that contains the ovule (female gamete).
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fruit has different meanings depending on context. In botany, a fruit is the ripened ovary—together with seeds—of a flowering plant. In many species, the fruit incorporates the ripened ovary and surrounding tissues.
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A modern system of plant taxonomy, the APG system of plant classification was published in 1998 by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. The system is unusual in being based, not on total evidence, but on the cladistic analysis of the DNA sequences of three genes, two chloroplast genes
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Juglandaceae
A. Richard ex Kunth

Genera

Alfaroa
Carya (hickory and pecan)
Cyclocarya (wheel wingnut)
Engelhardia (cheo)
Juglans (walnut)
Oreomunnia
Platycarya

..... Click the link for more information.
Fagales
Engler

Families

See text.

The Fagales are an order of flowering plants, including some of the best known trees. The order name is derived from genus Fagus, Beeches. They belong among the rosid group of dicotyledons.
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C. floridana

Binomial name
Carya floridana
Sarg.

The Scrub Hickory (Carya floridana, syn.
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C. glabra

Binomial name
Carya glabra

Pignut hickory (Carya glabra) is a common but not abundant species in the oak-hickory forest association in Eastern United States.
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Nutmeg hickory (Carya myristiciformis) of the Juglandaceae or Walnut family, also called swamp hickory or bitter water hickory, is found as small, possibly relict populations across the South and in northern Mexico on rich moist soils of higher bottom lands and stream banks.
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