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Heraclides Ponticus (Greek: Ἡρακλείδης ὁ Ποντικός) (387 BC-312 BC), also known as Herakleides, was a Greek philosopher who lived and died at Heraclea Pontica, now Karadeniz Ereğli, Turkey.

Although frequently hailed as the originator of the heliocentric theory, this is now generally doubted. Heraclides' father was Euthyphron, a wealthy nobleman who sent him to study at the Academy in Athens under its founder Plato and under his successor Speusippus, though he also studied with Aristotle. According to the Suda, Plato, on his departure for Sicily in 360 BC, left his pupils in the charge of Heraclides. Speusippus, before his death in 339 BC, had chosen Xenocrates as his successor was put to a vote, where Xenocrates narrowly triumphed over Heraclides and Menedemus of Eretria by five votes.

A punning on his name, dubbing him Heraclides "Pompicus," suggests he may have been a rather vain and pompous man and the target of much ridicule. However, Heraclides seems to have been a versatile and prolific writer on philosophy, mathematics, music, grammar, physics, history and rhetoric, notwithstanding doubts about attribution of many of the works. It appears that he composed various works in dialogue form. The main source of this biographical welter is the collection by Diogenes Laërtius.

Like the Pythagoreans Hicetas and Ecphantus, Heraclides proposed that the apparent daily motion of the stars was created by the rotation of the Earth on its axis once a day. According to a late tradition, he also believed that Venus and Mercury revolve around the Sun. This would mean that he anticipated the Tychonic system, an essentially geocentric model with heliocentric aspects. However, the tradition is almost certainly due to a misunderstanding, and it is unlikely that Heraclides, or his Pythagorean predecessors, advocated a variation on the Tychonic system.

Of particular significance to historians is his statement that fourth century Rome was a Greek city (fr. 106 Wehrli).

References

  • O. Neugebauer, (1969) The Exact Sciences in Antiquity ISBN 0-486-22332-9
  • O. Neugebauer (1975) A History of Ancient Mathematical Astronomy
  • O. Voss (1896) De Heraclidis Pontici vita et scriptis
  • Diogenes Laërtius trans. C.D. Yonge (1853) "Lives of Eminent Philosophers"
  • Bruce Eastwood, "Heraclides and Heliocentrism: Texts, Diagrams, and Interpretations." Journal for the History of Astronomy 23 (1992): 233-60.
  • Wehrli, F. (1969) Herakleides Pontikos. Die Schule des Aristoteles vol. 7, 2nd edn. Basel.

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Papilio is a genus in the swallowtail butterfly family, Papilionidae. It includes a number of well-known North American species such as the Western Tiger Swallowtail,
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Heraclea Pontica (Greek: Ηράκλεια Ποντική; modern day Karadeniz Ereğli, in the Zonguldak Province of Turkey, on the Black Sea), an ancient city on the coast of Bithynia in Asia Minor, at the mouth of
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heliocentrism is the theory that the sun is at the center of the Universe and/or the Solar System. The word is derived from the Greek (Helios = "Sun" and kentron = "Center").
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academy (Greek Ἀκαδημία) is an institution of higher learning, research, or honorary membership. The name traces back to Plato's school of philosophy, founded approximately 385 BC at Akademia
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PLATO was one of the first generalized Computer assisted instruction systems, originally built by the University of Illinois and later taken over by Control Data Corporation (CDC), who provided the machines it ran on.
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Speusippus (407 BC-339 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher. Speusippus was Plato's nephew by his sister Potone.

After Plato's death, Speusippus inherited the Academy and remained its head for the next eight years.
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Aristotle (Greek: Ἀριστοτέλης Aristotélēs) (384 BC – 322 BC) was a Greek philosopher, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great.
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The Suda (Σοῦδα or alternatively Suidas Σουΐδας
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Speusippus (407 BC-339 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher. Speusippus was Plato's nephew by his sister Potone.

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Xenocrates (Ξενοκράτης) of Chalcedon (396–314 BC) was a Greek philosopher, mathematician, and scholarch or rector of the Academy from 339 to 314 BC.
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Xenocrates (Ξενοκράτης) of Chalcedon (396–314 BC) was a Greek philosopher, mathematician, and scholarch or rector of the Academy from 339 to 314 BC.
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Menedemus, (ca. 350 - 278 BC to 275 BC), a Greek philosopher and founder of the Eretrian School of Philosophy, was born at Eretria.

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Mathematics (colloquially, maths or math) is the body of knowledge centered on such concepts as quantity, structure, space, and change, and also the academic discipline that studies them. Benjamin Peirce called it "the science that draws necessary conclusions".
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