iPedia Free Information Center

Information about Hematopathology

Hematopathology is the branch of pathology which studies diseases of hematopoietic cells (see below). A hematopathologist looks at peripheral blood smears, bone marrow aspirates and biopsies, lymph nodes, and other tissues, and uses his/her expertise to diagnose diseases such as lymphomas and leukemias. The hematopathologist uses traditional microscopy to look at the specimen, but also relies on laboratory values, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and molecular diagnostic tests to make the most accurate diagnosis. The hematopathologist works closely with the hematologist/oncologist specialty doctor who sees the patient and decides on the best treatment based upon the diagnosis.

Diseases of Hematopoietic Cells

The major disease of hematopoietic cells fall into several categories, which include chronic myeloproliferative disease, myelodysplastic syndromes, leukemias, lymphomas, plasma cell neoplasms, and histiocytic and mast cell neoplasms. Hematopathologists from all over the world have agreed on a standard classification system, called the "WHO classification".[1] Leukemias are mainly bone marrow and blood based and can be subclassified as chronic leukemia and acute leukemia. Chronic leukemia is the proliferation of too many mature blood cells, and is called that because it is a chronic process clinically. Examples are chronic myelogenous leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Acute leukemia is the proliferation of too many immature blood cells, called myeloblasts, which have lost the ability to become mature cells. This is usually a very aggressive disease if untreated. Fortunately, treatment of both types of leukemia has improved greatly over the past few decades. Lymphomas are diseases that are mainly based in lymph nodes. Hematopathologists have named different lymphomas after the type of lymphocyte that has become malignant. Thus there are B cell lymphomas, T cell lymphomas, and NK cell lymphomas. The hematopathologist uses immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry, techniques using antibodies to specific lymphocyte surface markers, to determine the type of lymphoma in the pathology specimen.

Notes

1. ^ Jaffe, ES, Harris, NL, Stein, H., and Vardiman, JW, eds. Pathology and Genetics: Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues, World Health Organization Classification of Tumors Series. Lyon: IARC Press, 2001.

External links

 •  • [ e]
Pathology
Principles of pathologyDisease - Necrosis - Infection - Ischemia - Inflammation - Wound healing - Neoplasia
Anatomical pathologySurgical pathology - Cytopathology - Autopsy - Molecular pathology - Forensic pathology - Dental pathology 
Gross examination - Histopathology - Immunohistochemistry - Electron microscopy - Immunofluorescence - Fluorescent in situ hybridization
Clinical pathologyClinical chemistry - Hematopathology - Transfusion medicine - Medical microbiology - Diagnostic immunology
Enzyme assay - Mass spectrometry - Chromatography - Flow cytometry - Blood bank - Microbiological culture - Serology
 •  • [ e]
Pathology: hematology (primarily /, /)
WBCshematological malignancy (Lymphoma, leukemia)
-cytosis (Agranulocytosis, Leukocytosis, Lymphocytosis, Monocytosis) • -penia (Lymphopenia, Neutropenia)
RBCs/anemia/
hemoglobinopathy		nutritional anemia: Iron deficiency anemia, Plummer-Vinson syndrome, Megaloblastic anemia (Pernicious anemia)
hereditary hemolytic anemia: G6PD Deficiency, Thalassemia, Sickle-cell disease/trait, Hereditary spherocytosis, Hereditary elliptocytosis, Hereditary stomatocytosis
acquired hemolytic anemia: Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia, HUS, MAHA, PNH
aplastic anemia: Acquired PRCA, Diamond-Blackfan anemia, Fanconi anemia • Sideroblastic anemia • Hemochromatosis
Coagulation/plateletscoagulopathy: DIC • Hemophilia (A, B, C, XIII) • Von Willebrand disease
Purpura: Henoch-Schnlein, ITP, TTP
primary hypercoagulable state: Protein C deficiency - Protein S deficiency - Antithrombin III deficiency
other hemorrhagic conditions: Bernard-Soulier syndrome - Glanzmann's thrombasthenia - Grey platelet syndrome
HistiocytosisWHO-I Langerhans cell histiocytosis - non-Langerhans-cell histiocytosis/WHO-II (Juvenile xanthogranuloma, Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis) - malignant histiocytic disorders/WHO-III (Acute monocytic leukemia, Malignant histiocytosis, Erdheim-Chester disease)
OtherAsplenia/hyposplenism - Methemoglobinemia
Pathologist redirects here. For other uses of the terms pathology or pathological, see pathology (disambiguation).


Pathology is the study and diagnosis of disease through examination of organs, tissues, cells and bodily fluids.
..... Click the link for more information.
Haematopoiesis (from Ancient Greek: haima blood; poiesis to make) (or hematopoiesis in the United States; sometimes also haemopoiesis or hemopoiesis) is the formation of blood cellular components.
..... Click the link for more information.
Bone marrow (or medulla ossea) is the soft tissue found in the hollow interior of bones. In adults, marrow in large bones produces new blood cells.

Marrow types

There are two types of bone marrow: red marrow (also known as myeloid tissue) and
..... Click the link for more information.
A biopsy (in Greek: bios = life and opsy = look/appearance) is a medical test involving the removal of cells or tissues for examination. The tissue is generally examined under a microscope by a pathologist, and can also be analyzed chemically (for example, using
..... Click the link for more information.
Lymph nodes are components of the lymphatic system. They are sometimes informally called lymph glands but, as they do not secrete substances, such terminology is not entirely accurate. They are found mostly in the neck area.
..... Click the link for more information.
In general, diagnosis (plural diagnoses) has two distinct dictionary definitions. The first definition is "the recognition of a disease or condition by its outward signs and symptoms", while the second definition is "the analysis of the underlying physiological/biochemical
..... Click the link for more information.
Microscopy is any technique for producing visible images of structures or details too small to otherwise be seen by the human eye, using a microscope or other magnification tool. It is often used more specifically as a technique of using a microscope.
..... Click the link for more information.
For the band, see .


In biology, a specimen is an individual animal, plant or microorganism used as a representative to study the properties of the whole population of that species.
..... Click the link for more information.
Immunohistochemistry or IHC refers to the process of localizing proteins in cells of a tissue section exploiting the principle of antibodies binding specifically to antigens in biological tissues.
..... Click the link for more information.
Flow cytometry is a technique for counting, examining, and sorting microscopic particles suspended in a stream of fluid. It allows simultaneous multiparametric analysis of the physical and/or chemical characteristics of single cells flowing through an optical and/or electronic
..... Click the link for more information.
molecule is defined as a sufficiently stable electrically neutral group of at least two atoms in a definite arrangement held together by strong chemical bonds.[1][2] In organic chemistry and biochemistry, the term molecule
..... Click the link for more information.
In general, diagnosis (plural diagnoses) has two distinct dictionary definitions. The first definition is "the recognition of a disease or condition by its outward signs and symptoms", while the second definition is "the analysis of the underlying physiological/biochemical
..... Click the link for more information.
Hematology (American English) or haematology (British English) is the branch of biology (physiology), pathology, clinical laboratory, internal medicine, and pediatrics that is concerned with the study of blood, the blood-forming organs, and blood diseases.
..... Click the link for more information.
Oncology is the branch of medicine that studies tumors (cancer) and seeks to understand their development, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. A Medical professional who practices oncology is an oncologist.
..... Click the link for more information.
physician applies to a person who practices some type of medicine. Such medical practitioners are concerned with maintaining or restoring human health through the study, diagnosis and treatment of disease and injury, through both an area of knowledge
..... Click the link for more information.
patient is any person who receives medical attention, care, or treatment. The person is most often ill or injured and in need of treatment by a physician or other medical professional.
..... Click the link for more information.
In general, diagnosis (plural diagnoses) has two distinct dictionary definitions. The first definition is "the recognition of a disease or condition by its outward signs and symptoms", while the second definition is "the analysis of the underlying physiological/biochemical
..... Click the link for more information.
Haematopoiesis (from Ancient Greek: haima blood; poiesis to make) (or hematopoiesis in the United States; sometimes also haemopoiesis or hemopoiesis) is the formation of blood cellular components.
..... Click the link for more information.
MeSH D009190

The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS, formerly known as "preleukemia") are a diverse collection of hematological conditions united by ineffective production of blood cells and varying risks of transformation to acute myelogenous leukemia.
..... Click the link for more information.
Leukemia
Classification & external resources

A Wright's stained bone marrow aspirate smear of patient with precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
ICD-10 C 91. -C 95.
ICD-9 208.
..... Click the link for more information.
MeSH D008223
This article is about lymphoma in humans. For the disease in dogs, cats, and ferrets, see lymphoma in animals.


Lymphoma
..... Click the link for more information.
Multiple myeloma
Classification & external resources

ICD-10 C 90.0
ICD-9 203.0
ICD-O: M 9732/3
OMIM 254500
DiseasesDB 8628
MedlinePlus 000583
eMedicine med/1521  
MeSH D009101

Multiple myeloma (also known as MM
..... Click the link for more information.
A mast cell (or mastocyte) is a resident cell of several types of tissues and contains many granules rich in histamine and heparin. Although best known for their role in allergy and anaphylaxis, mast cells play an important protective role as well, being intimately
..... Click the link for more information.
WHO may stand for:
  • World Health Organization
  • WHO (AM), a radio station in Des Moines, Iowa, United States
  • WHO-TV, television station in Des Moines owned by Local TV LLC
  • Washington Homeschool Organization, a homeschool group in the US state of Washington

..... Click the link for more information.
Leukemia
Classification & external resources

A Wright's stained bone marrow aspirate smear of patient with precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
ICD-10 C 91. -C 95.
ICD-9 208.
..... Click the link for more information.
Bone marrow (or medulla ossea) is the soft tissue found in the hollow interior of bones. In adults, marrow in large bones produces new blood cells.

Marrow types

There are two types of bone marrow: red marrow (also known as myeloid tissue) and
..... Click the link for more information.
Blood is a specialized biological fluid consisting of red blood cells (also called RBCs or erythrocytes), white blood cells (also called leukocytes) and platelets (also called thrombocytes) suspended in a complex fluid medium known as blood plasma.
..... Click the link for more information.
Chronic leukemia may refer to:
  • Chronic myelogenous leukemia
  • Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
  • Hairy cell leukemia

..... Click the link for more information.
Acute leukemia may refer to:
  • Acute myelogenous leukemia
  • Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
  • Blast crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia
Note that in many countries, the word is usually spelt leukaemia.
..... Click the link for more information.
Chronic leukemia may refer to:
  • Chronic myelogenous leukemia
  • Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
  • Hairy cell leukemia

..... Click the link for more information.


This article is copied from an article on Wikipedia.org - the free encyclopedia created and edited by online user community. The text was not checked or edited by anyone on our staff. Although the vast majority of the wikipedia encyclopedia articles provide accurate and timely information please do not assume the accuracy of any particular article. This article is distributed under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License.
Herod_Archelaus


page counter