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Information about Hematemesis

Hematemesis
Classification & external resources
ICD-10K92.0
ICD-9578.0
DiseasesDB30745
eMedicinemed/3565 
MeSHC23.550.414.788.400
Hematemesis or haematemesis (see American and British spelling differences) is the vomiting of blood. The source is generally the upper gastrointestinal tract. Patients can easily confuse it with hemoptysis (coughing up blood), although the former is more common.

Signs

Signs of the onset of hematemesis may include:
  • A history of excessive alcohol use or liver disease
  • Any esophogastric symptoms, such as nausea or vomiting
  • Brown or black blood
  • Blood that looks like coffee grounds
  • Dark colored, tar like stools (a condition known as melena)

Causes

Causes can be:

Management

Hematemesis is treated as a medical emergency. The most vital distinction is whether there is blood loss sufficient to cause shock.

Minimal blood loss

If this is not the case, the patient is generally administered a proton pump inhibitor (e.g. omeprazole), given blood transfusions (if the level of hemoglobin is extremely low, that is less than 8.0 mg/dL or 4.5-5.0 mmol/L), and kept nil per os until esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD, endoscopy) can be arranged. Adequate venous access (large-bore cannulas or a central venous catheter) is generally obtained in case the patient suffers a further bleed and becomes unstable.

Significant blood loss

In a "hemodynamically significant" case of hematemesis, that is hypovolemic shock, resuscitation is an immediate priority to prevent cardiac arrest. Fluids and/or blood is administered, preferably by central venous catheter, and the patient is prepared for emergency endoscopy, which is typically done in theatres. Surgical opinion is usually sought in case the source of bleeding cannot be identified endoscopically, and laparotomy is necessary.

See also

External links



 •  • [ e]
Health science - Medicine - Digestive system - Gastroenterology (primarily , )
EsophagusGERD - Achalasia - Boerhaave syndrome - Zenker's diverticulum - Mallory-Weiss syndrome - Barrett's esophagus - Esophageal cancer - Esophageal varices
StomachGastric ulcer - Non-ulcer dyspepsia - Gastroparesis - Pyloric stenosis - Malabsorption  (e.g. celiac disease, giardiasis) - Stomach cancer
Small intestineDuodenal ulcer - Intussusception - Malabsorption (e.g. celiac, lactose intolerance, fructose malabsorption, Whipple's) - Abdominal angina
ColonDiarrhea - Appendicitis - Bowel obstruction - Diverticulitis - Diverticulosis - IBD (Crohn's, Ulcerative colitis) - IBS - Constipation - Megacolon (Toxic megacolon) - Anal fissure - Anal fistula - Anal abscess - Rectal prolapse
HerniaInguinal (Indirect, Direct) - Femoral - Umbilical - Incisional - Diaphragmatic - Hiatus
LiverAlcoholic liver disease - Cholestasis - Liver failure - Cirrhosis - Hepatitis - PBC - NASH - Fatty liver - Peliosis hepatis - Portal hypertension - Hepatorenal syndrome - Budd-Chiari - Hepatocellular carcinoma
Accessory digestiveGallbladder/Biliary tree (Gallstones, Choledocholithiasis, Cholecystitis, Cholangitis, PSC, Biliary fistula, Ascending cholangitis) - Pancreas (Acute pancreatitis, Chronic pancreatitis, Pancreatic pseudocyst, Hereditary pancreatitis, Pancreatic cancer)
OtherTropical sprue - Hematemesis - Melena - Gastrointestinal bleeding (Upper, Lower) - Peritonitis
See also
For other uses of "ICD", see ICD (disambiguation).


The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD
..... Click the link for more information.
List of ICD-10 codes. The version for 2007 is available online at [1]

Chapter Blocks Title
I Certain infectious and parasitic diseases
II Neoplasms
III Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism
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For other uses of "ICD", see ICD (disambiguation).


The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD
..... Click the link for more information.
The following is a list of codes for International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. These codes are in the public domain.

See also


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The Diseases Database is a free website that provides information about the relationships between medical conditions, symptoms, and medications.

It directly integrates the Unified Medical Language System.

External links

  • Diseases Database

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eMedicine is an online clinical medical knowledge base that was founded in 1996 by Scott Plantz and Richard Lavely, two medical doctors. It was sold to WebMD in January 2006.
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Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a huge controlled vocabulary (or metadata system) for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences. Created and updated by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), it is used by the MEDLINE/PubMed
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Emesis redirects here. For the genus of metalmark butterflies, see Emesis (butterfly). Heaving redirects here. For the up-and-down motion, see heave.

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Blood is a specialized biological fluid consisting of red blood cells (also called RBCs or erythrocytes), white blood cells (also called leukocytes) and platelets (also called thrombocytes) suspended in a complex fluid medium known as blood plasma.
..... Click the link for more information.
gastrointestinal tract (GI tract), also called the digestive tract, or the alimentary canal, is the system of organs within multicellular animals that takes in food, digests it to extract energy and nutrients, and expels the remaining waste.
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Hemoptysis
Classifications and external resources

ICD-10 R 04.2
ICD-9 786.3

DiseasesDB 5578
MedlinePlus 003073 Hemoptysis or haemoptysis
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Alcohol Abuse
Classification & external resources

ICD-10 F 10.
ICD-9 305.0

Alcohol abuse, as described in the DSM-IV, is a psychiatric diagnosis describing the use of alcoholic beverages despite negative consequences.
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Melena
Classification & external resources

ICD-10 K 92.1
ICD-9 578.1

In medicine, melena or melaena refers to the black, "tarry" feces that are associated with gastrointestinal hemorrhage.
..... Click the link for more information.
The esophagus (also spelled oesophagus/œsophagus, Greek οἰσοφάγος), or gullet
..... Click the link for more information.
In anatomy, the stomach is a bean-shaped hollow muscular organ of the gastrointestinal tract involved in the second phase of digestion, following mastication. The word stomach is derived from the Latin stomachus, which derives from the Greek word
..... Click the link for more information.
In anatomy, the stomach is a bean-shaped hollow muscular organ of the gastrointestinal tract involved in the second phase of digestion, following mastication. The word stomach is derived from the Latin stomachus, which derives from the Greek word
..... Click the link for more information.
In anatomy of the digestive system, the duodenum is a hollow jointed tube about 25-30 cm long connecting the stomach to the jejunum. It is the first and shortest part of the small intestine and it is where most chemical digestion takes place.
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The esophagus (also spelled oesophagus/œsophagus, Greek οἰσοφάγος), or gullet
..... Click the link for more information.
Emesis redirects here. For the genus of metalmark butterflies, see Emesis (butterfly). Heaving redirects here. For the up-and-down motion, see heave.

..... Click the link for more information.
Bleeding, technically known as hemorrhage (American English) or haemorrhage (British English) is the loss of blood from the circulatory system.[1] Bleeding can occur internally, where blood leaks from blood vessels inside the body or externally, either
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gastrointestinal tract (GI tract), also called the digestive tract, or the alimentary canal, is the system of organs within multicellular animals that takes in food, digests it to extract energy and nutrients, and expels the remaining waste.
..... Click the link for more information.
For malignant tumors specifically, see .


Tumor or tumour (via Old French tumour from Latin tumor "swelling") is an abnormal growth or mass of tissue. A tumor can be either malignant or benign.
..... Click the link for more information.
In anatomy, the stomach is a bean-shaped hollow muscular organ of the gastrointestinal tract involved in the second phase of digestion, following mastication. The word stomach is derived from the Latin stomachus, which derives from the Greek word
..... Click the link for more information.
The esophagus (also spelled oesophagus/œsophagus, Greek οἰσοφάγος), or gullet
..... Click the link for more information.
Esophagitis
Classification & external resources

ICD-10 K20
ICD-9 530.1

MedlinePlus 001153
eMedicine emerg/175   Esophagitis (or Oesophagitis) is inflammation of the esophagus.
..... Click the link for more information.
Gastroenteritis
Classification & external resources

ICD-10 A 09. , J 10.8 , K 52.
ICD-9 009.0 , 009.1 , 558

See also Bacterial gastroenteritis and Diarrhea


Gastroenteritis
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Gastritis
Classification & external resources

ICD-10 K 29.0 -K29.7
ICD-9 535.0 -535.5

Gastritis is inflammation of the gastric mucosa. The word comes from the Greek gastro- meaning of the stomach and -itis meaning inflammation.
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Mallory-Weiss syndrome
Classification & external resources

ICD-10 K 22.6
ICD-9 530.7

Mallory-Weiss syndrome refers to bleeding from tears (a Mallory-Weiss tear
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Esophageal varices
Classification & external resources

Gastroscopy image of esophageal varices with prominent red wale spots
ICD-10 I 85.
ICD-9 456.0 -456.
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MeSH D010437

A peptic ulcer, also known as PUD or peptic ulcer disease[1] is an ulcer of an area of the gastrointestinal tract that is usually acidic and thus extremely painful.
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