Information about Heliornithidae

Heliornithidae
African Finfoot (adult female) African Finfoot (adult female)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Gruiformes Family: Heliornithidae GR Gray, 1840
Genera and Species
Podica senegalensis Heliopais personata Heliornis fulica

The Heliornithidae are a small family of tropical birds with webbed lobes on their feet similar to those of grebes and coots. The family overall are known as finfoots, although one species is known as a Sungrebe. Finfoots somewhat resemble rails, they have long necks, slender bodies, broad tails and sharp pointed bills. They have a diverse range of calls, but do not call frequently. Their legs and feet are brightly coloured and unlike grebes they are capable of walking well and even moving quickly on land. There are three species. The African Finfoot is found in tropical Africa on streams in woodland. The Masked Finfoot has a scattered distribution from Eastern India down through southeast Asia to the Wallace Line. The Sungrebe is found in tropical Central and South America. Finfoots are highly secretive and many aspects of their biology are unknown to science.

Finfoots are found in numerous habitats in the tropics as long as there is water and cover. It is uncertain why cover is so essential to finfoots, but they are extremely secretive and often overlooked. Their ranges extend from coastal creeks to fast moving mountain streams, most commonly being found in large slow moving bodies of water. Swamps, reedbeds, mangroves and forest are also used by them. Finfoots are territorial, probably for much of the year and certainly when breeding. They are also are not thought to undertake regular migrations, but some birds do regularly disperse and they are quick to colonise new areas of suitable habitat.

Finfoots feed on a wide range of foods, insects of various sorts being the most frequently observed component of their diet. Little quantitative information on finfoot diet exists, but they have also been recorded eating molluscs, crustaceans, spiders, frogs, fish and some leaves and seeds. Unlike grebes they do not dive to obtain food, but instead feed by picking prey off the water's surface or foraging on the shore.

All three species tend to breed after the wet season, the exact timing of which being dependent on the local climate. The breeding behaviour of the Masked Finfoot is almost entirely unknown. All three species exhibit some changes in appearance prior to breeding - Masked Finfoots develop a fleshy knob above the bill, and the plumage of the male African Finfoot and female Sungrebe also change. There is considerable variation within the finfoots on several aspects of breeding; in the Sungrebe the nest building and incubation duties are shared between the sexes, in the African Finfoot the female alone incubates. The nests of all finfoots are untidy bowls of sticks, twigs and reeds suspended in vegetation above water.

Species

• African Finfoot, Podica senegalensis
• Masked Finfoot, Heliopais personata
• Sungrebe, Heliornis fulica

References

• Bertrand, B. C. R. (1996). "Family Heliornithidae (Finfoots)" in del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., & Sargatal, J., eds. Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 3. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, ISBN 84-87334-20-2

External links

• Heliornithidae videos on the Internet Bird Collection