iPedia Free Information Center

Information about Head Driven Phrase Structure Grammar

Head-driven phrase structure grammar (HPSG) is a highly lexicalized, non-derivational generative grammar theory developed by Carl Pollard and Ivan Sag (1985). It is the immediate successor to generalized phrase structure grammar. HPSG draws from other fields such as computer science (data type theory and knowledge representation) and uses Ferdinand de Saussure's notion of the sign. It uses a uniform formalism and is organized in a modular way which makes it attractive for natural language processing.

An HPSG grammar includes principles and grammar rules and lexicon entries which are normally not considered to belong to a grammar. The formalism is based on lexicalism. This means that the lexicon is more than just a list of entries; it is in itself richly structured. Individual entries are marked with types. Types form a hierarchy.

The basic type HPSG deals with is the sign. Words and phrases are two different subtypes of sign. A word has two features: [PHON] (the sound, the phonetic form) and [SYNSEM] (the syntactic and semantic information), both of which are split into subfeatures. Signs and rules are formalized as typed feature structures.

Various parsers based on the HPSG formalism have been written and optimizations are currently being investigated. An example of a system analyzing German sentences is provided by the University of Bremen[1]. For Dutch, the wide-coverage dependency parser Alpino [2] has been developed by the University of Groningen.

Large HPSG grammars of various languages are being developed in the DELPH-IN [3] collaboration network. Wide-coverage grammars of German [4], English [5] and Japanese [6] are available under an open-source license.

See also

Books

External links

References

1. ^ [1]
2. ^ [2]
3. ^ [3]
4. ^ [4]
5. ^ [5]
6. ^ [6]
In theoretical linguistics, generative grammar refers to a proof-theoretic framework for the study of syntax partially inspired by formal grammar theory and popularized by Noam Chomsky, and more specifically to particular instantiations of this general framework, that is,
..... Click the link for more information.
Carl Jesse Pollard (born June 28, 1947) is a Professor of Linguistics at the Ohio State University. He is the inventor of Head grammar and Higher-order grammar, as well as co-inventor of Head-driven phrase structure grammar (HPSG).
..... Click the link for more information.
Ivan Sag (born November 9, 1949 in Alliance, Ohio) is a professor of linguistics at Stanford University.

With Carl Pollard, he has written several books that introduce and develop the syntactic theory known as head-driven phrase structure grammar (HPSG).
..... Click the link for more information.
20th century - 21st century
1950s  1960s  1970s  - 1980s -  1990s  2000s  2010s
1982 1983 1984 - 1985 - 1986 1987 1988

Year 1985 (MCMLXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar).
..... Click the link for more information.
Generalised phrase structure grammar (GPSG) is a framework for describing the syntax and semantics of natural languages. GPSG was initially developed in the late 1970s by Gerald Gazdar. Other contributors include Ewan Klein, Ivan Sag, and Geoffrey Pullum.
..... Click the link for more information.
Computer science, or computing science, is the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their implementation and application in computer systems.
..... Click the link for more information.
Knowledge representation is an issue that arises in both cognitive science and artificial intelligence. In cognitive science it is concerned with how people store and process information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Ferdinand de Saussure (pronounced [fɛʁdi'nɑ̃ də so'syʁ]) (November 26, 1857 – February 22, 1913) was a Geneva-born Swiss linguist whose ideas laid the foundation for many of the
..... Click the link for more information.
There are many models of the linguistic sign (see also sign (semiotics)). A classic model is the one by the Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure. According to him, language is made up of signs and every sign has two sides:
  • the signifier (French

..... Click the link for more information.
Natural language processing (NLP) is a subfield of artificial intelligence and computational linguistics. It studies the problems of automated generation and understanding of natural human languages.
..... Click the link for more information.
lexicon of a language is its vocabulary, including its words and expressions. More formally, it is a language's inventory of lexemes.

The lexicon includes the lexemes used to actualize words. Lexemes are formed according to morpho-syntactic rules and express sememes.
..... Click the link for more information.
A word is a unit of language that carries meaning and consists of one or more morphemes which are linked more or less tightly together, and has a phonetical value. Typically a word will consist of a root or stem and zero or more affixes.
..... Click the link for more information.
In grammar, a phrase is a group of words that functions as a single unit in the syntax of a sentence.

For example the house at the end of the street (example 1) is a phrase. It acts like a noun.
..... Click the link for more information.
Phonetics (from the Greek word φωνή, phone meaning 'sound, voice') is the study of the sounds of human speech. It is concerned with the actual properties of speech sounds (phones), and their production, audition and perception, while phonology, which
..... Click the link for more information.
feature structure is essentially a set of attribute-value pairs. For example the attribute named number might have the value singular. The value of an attribute may be either atomic, e.g.
..... Click the link for more information.
parsing (more formally syntactic analysis) is the process of analyzing a sequence of tokens to determine its grammatical structure with respect to a given formal grammar. A parser is the component of a compiler that carries out this task.
..... Click the link for more information.
German language (Deutsch, ] (help info ) ) is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages.
..... Click the link for more information.
The Four Books of Sentences (Libri Quattuor Sententiarum) is a book of theology written by Peter Lombard in the twelfth century. It is a systematic compilation of theology, written around 1150; it derives its name from the 'sententia' or opinions
..... Click the link for more information.
University of Bremen (German Universität Bremen) is a university of approximately 23,500 people are currently studying, teaching, researching and working from 126 countries in Bremen, Germany. It was founded in 1971.
..... Click the link for more information.
Dutch}}} 
Writing system: Latin alphabet (Dutch variant) 
Official status
Official language of:  Aruba
 Belgium
 European Union
 European Union
 Netherlands Antilles
 Suriname
..... Click the link for more information.
University of Groningen, located in the city of Groningen, was founded in 1614. It is the second oldest and third largest university in the Netherlands. Since its inception more than 100,000 students have graduated. It is a member of the Coimbra Group.
..... Click the link for more information.
English}}} 
Writing system: Latin (English variant) 
Official status
Official language of: 53 countries
Regulated by: no official regulation
Language codes
ISO 639-1: en
ISO 639-2: eng
ISO 639-3: eng  
..... Click the link for more information.
This article contains Japanese text.
Without proper ,
you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of kanji or kana.

Japanese
日本語
..... Click the link for more information.
Generalised phrase structure grammar (GPSG) is a framework for describing the syntax and semantics of natural languages. GPSG was initially developed in the late 1970s by Gerald Gazdar. Other contributors include Ewan Klein, Ivan Sag, and Geoffrey Pullum.
..... Click the link for more information.
Lexical functional grammar (LFG) is a grammar framework in theoretical linguistics, a variety of generative grammar. The development of the theory was initiated by Joan Bresnan and Ronald Kaplan in the 1970s, in reaction to the direction research in the area of transformational
..... Click the link for more information.
In computer science, SYNTAX is a system used to generate lexical and syntactic analyzers (parsers) (both deterministic and non-deterministic) for all kind of context-free grammars
..... Click the link for more information.
In linguistics, a transformational grammar, or transformational-generative grammar (TGG), is a grammar, especially of a natural language, that has been developed in a Chomskian tradition.
..... Click the link for more information.
Carl Jesse Pollard (born June 28, 1947) is a Professor of Linguistics at the Ohio State University. He is the inventor of Head grammar and Higher-order grammar, as well as co-inventor of Head-driven phrase structure grammar (HPSG).
..... Click the link for more information.
Ivan Sag (born November 9, 1949 in Alliance, Ohio) is a professor of linguistics at Stanford University.

With Carl Pollard, he has written several books that introduce and develop the syntactic theory known as head-driven phrase structure grammar (HPSG).
..... Click the link for more information.
Carl Jesse Pollard (born June 28, 1947) is a Professor of Linguistics at the Ohio State University. He is the inventor of Head grammar and Higher-order grammar, as well as co-inventor of Head-driven phrase structure grammar (HPSG).
..... Click the link for more information.


This article is copied from an article on Wikipedia.org - the free encyclopedia created and edited by online user community. The text was not checked or edited by anyone on our staff. Although the vast majority of the wikipedia encyclopedia articles provide accurate and timely information please do not assume the accuracy of any particular article. This article is distributed under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License.
Herod_Archelaus


page counter