Hard Shell Baptists

Information about Hard Shell Baptists

Part of a series on Baptists

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Doctrinal distinctives Prima scriptura Sola scriptura Baptist ordinance Baptist offices Baptist confessions Autonomy of the local church Separation of church and state
Pivotal figures John Smyth Thomas Helwys John Bunyan Andrew Fuller John Gill Charles Haddon Spurgeon Samuel Sharpe
Major Baptist Associations American Baptist Baptist World Alliance Cooperative Baptist Fellowship National Baptist Convention Southern Baptist Convention Baptist Union of Great Britain Brazilian Baptist Convention This box: • • [ edit]

"Hard-shell" is the adjective used to describe Baptists who reject a common Christian notion of missionary work. The Hard-shells believe so strongly in predestination that they conclude that it is futile for humans to attempt to effect the salvation of anyone who has not been chosen by God for salvation: if chosen ("elected"), then the person will, of necessity, be saved; if not chosen, then there is nothing that anyone can do to change that outcome.

The Hard-shell Baptist groups were particularly prevalent in Appalachia during the 19th century and continue to exist today. Hard-shell Baptists are loosely synonymous with Primitive Baptists and the multitude of sub-divisions thereof. In opposition to the Hard-shells, Missionary Baptist churches were formed and also continue to exist.

The religious indoctrination of young Abraham Lincoln occurred in Hard-shell Baptist churches, particularly Little Mount Separate Baptist and Little Pigeon Creek Baptist churches. As a consequence, Lincoln later maintained throughout his adult life the "doctrine of necessity" (viz., divine fatalism).^[1]

Footnotes

1. ^ [1]

Christianity

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General Baptist is a generic term for Baptists that hold the view of a general atonement, as well as a specific name of groups of Baptists within the broader category.
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Strict Baptists – some of whom are known as Strict and Particular Baptists
Reformed Baptists – Baptists with a Calvinistic theology that includes a belief in particular redemption

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Beliefs of Baptist Churches are not totally consistent from one Baptist church to another, as Baptists do not have a central governing authority, unlike most other denominations.
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Prima scriptura is a doctrine that says canonized scripture is "first" or "above all" sources of divine revelation.
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See also: Ordinance (Latter Day Saints)

Main article: Baptist

Baptists recognize only two ordinances—believer's baptism and the
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Baptists generally recognize two Scriptural offices, those of pastor-teacher and deacon.

Theological basis

The office of elder, common in some evangelical churches, is usually considered by Baptists to be the same as that of pastor, and not a separate office.
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1600s

1644 First London Baptist Confession - revised in 1646
1651 The Faith and Practice of Thirty Congregations
1654 The True Gospel-Faith Declared According to the Scriptures
1656 The Somerset Confession of Faith

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John Smyth (157 - c. August 28, 1612) was an early Baptist minister of England and a defender of the principle of religious liberty. Many historians consider John Smyth as a founder of the modern Baptist denomination (see Baptists).
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Thomas Helwys, (c. 1550 - c. 1616), was one of the joint founders of the Baptist denomination.

In the early 17th century, Helwys was principal formulator of that distinctively Baptist request: that the church and the state be kept separate in matters of law, so that
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John Bunyan (November 28, 1628 – August 31, 1688), a Christian writer and preacher, was born at Harrowden (one mile south-east of Bedford), in the Parish of Elstow, England. He wrote The Pilgrim's Progress, arguably the most famous published Christian allegory.
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Andrew Fuller (1754-1815) was an eminent Baptist minister, born in Cambridgeshire, and settled at Kettering.

Fuller was a zealous controversialist in defence of the gospel against hyper-Calvinism on the one hand and Socinianism and Sandemanianism on the other, but he
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John Gill (November 23, 1697 - October 14, 1771) was an English Baptist, a biblical scholar, and a staunch Calvinist. Gill's relationship with hyper-Calvinism is a matter of academic debate.

He was born in Kettering, Northamptonshire.
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Charles Haddon Spurgeon, commonly C.H. Spurgeon, (June 19, 1834 – January 31, 1892) was a British Reformed Baptist preacher who remains highly influential amongst Christians of different denominations, among whom he is still known in various circles as the "Prince of
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Samuel 'Sam' Sharpe, or Sharp, (1801, Jamaica - May 23, 1832, Jamaica) was also known as Daddy Sharpe, was the slave leader behind the Jamaican Baptist War slave rebellion.
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American Baptist Churches USA

Classification Protestant
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Branched from Northern Baptist Convention (org.
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The Baptist World Alliance is a worldwide alliance of Baptist churches and organizations, formed in 1905 at Exeter Hall in London during the first Baptist World Congress.
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Cooperative Baptist Fellowship, Inc. (CBF)—"a fellowship of Baptist Christians and churches who share a passion for the Great Commission of Jesus Christ and a commitment to Baptist principles of faith and practice.
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National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc.

Classification Protestant
Orientation Mainline Baptist
Polity Congregationalist
Origin September 24, 1895: Atlanta, Georgia
Merge of the Foreign Mission Baptist Convention (org.
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Southern Baptist Convention

Reaching the world for Christ.
Classification Protestant
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Polity Congregationalist
Origin May 8-12, 1845: Augusta, Georgia
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The Baptist Union of Great Britain is the oldest and largest national association of Baptist churches in Great Britain.

English Baptists have a known continuous history from early in the 17th century.
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The Brazilian Baptist Convention or ConvenÃ§Ã£o Batista Brasileira is the oldest Baptist group in Brazil. The first Baptist missionary in Brazil appears to have been Thomas Jefferson Bowen, who served there for the Southern Baptist Convention from 1859 to 1861.
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Predestination (also linked with foreknowledge) is a religious concept, which involves the relationship between God and His creation. The religious character of predestination distinguishes it from other ideas about determinism and free will.
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Appalachia is a term used to describe a region in the eastern United States that stretches from southern New York state to northern Alabama, Mississippi, and Georgia. Although parts of the Appalachian Mountains extend through Maine into Canada, New England is usually excluded from
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Primitive Baptists are a group of Baptists that have a historical connection to the missionary / anti-missionary controversy that divided Baptists of America in the early part of the 19th century.
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Variously known as Old Time Missionary Baptist, Old Missionary Baptist, and Old-Fashioned Missionary Baptist, these churches represent a sub-group within the landmark Baptists that have rejected most progressive means and methods that were adopted by the
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