Information about Harada Ito Procedure
The Harada-Ito procedure is an eye muscle operation designed to improve the excyclotorsion experienced by some patients with cranial nerve IV palsy. In this procedure, the superior oblique tendon is split, and the anterior fibers -- the fibers most responsible for incyclotorsion -- are moved anteriorly and laterally. This selectively stretches and tightens these fibers, enhancing the incyclotorsion power of the superior oblique.
The most common indication for the Harada-Ito procedure is bilateral acquired cranial nerve IV palsy following closed head trauma (particularly automobile accidents). In this clinical situation the vertical imbalance is often less symptomatically bothersome to the patient than the induced excyclotorsion. Affected patients have a particularly annoying type of double vision (diplopia), wherein the images are twisted (excyclotorted).
Patients with cranial nerve IV palsy whose complaints are not specifically limited to torsional diplopia, but instead also have significant vertical diplopia, are not good candidates for a Harada-Ito procedure. Instead, a recession of the inferior oblique muscle, or another strabismus operation may be indicated.
The most common indication for the Harada-Ito procedure is bilateral acquired cranial nerve IV palsy following closed head trauma (particularly automobile accidents). In this clinical situation the vertical imbalance is often less symptomatically bothersome to the patient than the induced excyclotorsion. Affected patients have a particularly annoying type of double vision (diplopia), wherein the images are twisted (excyclotorted).
Patients with cranial nerve IV palsy whose complaints are not specifically limited to torsional diplopia, but instead also have significant vertical diplopia, are not good candidates for a Harada-Ito procedure. Instead, a recession of the inferior oblique muscle, or another strabismus operation may be indicated.
References
- Metz H, Lerner H: The adjustable Harada-Ito procedure. Arch Ophthalmol 1981;99 http://archopht.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/99/4/624.
- Nishimura JK, Rosenbaum A:The long-term torsion effect of the Harada-Ito procedure. J AAPOS 2002 Jun;6(3):141-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12075289&dopt=Abstract.
See also
There are seven muscles of the orbit; one controls the movement of the upper eyelid, and six others control the movement of the eye.
Muscle Innervation Primary function Secondary function Tertiary function
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Muscle Innervation Primary function Secondary function Tertiary function
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For the abdominal muscle see: External oblique muscle
The superior oblique muscle, or obliquus oculi superior, is a fusiform muscle in the upper, medial side of the orbit whose primary action is intorsion and whose secondary actions are to abduct (laterally
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The superior oblique muscle, or obliquus oculi superior, is a fusiform muscle in the upper, medial side of the orbit whose primary action is intorsion and whose secondary actions are to abduct (laterally
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Head injury
Classification & external resources
ICD-10 S00.0–S09.9
ICD-9 800 - 879
Head injury is a trauma to the head, that may or may not include injury to the brain (see also brain injury).
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Classification & external resources
ICD-10 S00.0–S09.9
ICD-9 800 - 879
Head injury is a trauma to the head, that may or may not include injury to the brain (see also brain injury).
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Diplopia
Classification & external resources
ICD-10 H 53.2
ICD-9 368.2
DiseasesDB 31225
eMedicine oph/191
Diplopia, commonly known as double vision, is the perception of two images from a single object.
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Classification & external resources
ICD-10 H 53.2
ICD-9 368.2
DiseasesDB 31225
eMedicine oph/191
Diplopia, commonly known as double vision, is the perception of two images from a single object.
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The Obliquus oculi inferior (inferior oblique) is a thin, narrow muscle, placed near the anterior margin of the floor of the orbit.
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Action
Its actions are lateral rotation, elevation and abduction of the eye...... Click the link for more information.
Strabismus
Classification & external resources
Strabismus prevents bringing the gaze of both eyes to the same point in space
ICD-10 H 49. - H 50.
ICD-9 378
OMIM 185100
DiseasesDB 29577
MedlinePlus 001004
MeSH D013285
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Classification & external resources
Strabismus prevents bringing the gaze of both eyes to the same point in space
ICD-10 H 49. - H 50.
ICD-9 378
OMIM 185100
DiseasesDB 29577
MedlinePlus 001004
MeSH D013285
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Eye surgery, also known as ophthalmic surgery or ocular surgery, is surgery performed on the eye or its adnexa, typically by an ophthalmologist.[1]
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