Information about Great Renaming
The Great Renaming was a restructuring of Usenet newsgroups that took place in 1987. The primary reason was said to be the difficulty of maintaining a list of all the existing groups. [1] An alternative explanation was that European networks refused to pay for some of the discussion-intensive groups regarding religion and racism; this resulted in a need for categorization of all such newsgroups. [2], [3] The suggested category for the newsgroups less popular among European networks was talk.* In either account, B News maintainer and UUNET founder Rick Adams is generally considered to be the initiator of the Renaming.
Before the Renaming, the newsgroups were categorized into three hierarchies: fa.* for groups gatewayed from ARPANET, mod.* for moderated discussions, and net.* for unmoderated groups. Names of the groups were said to be rather haphazard (see The Great Renaming FAQ).
While reorganization discussions had taken place earlier, software limitations prevented the adoption of a consistent organization scheme. Improvements introduced by Adams in 1986 with B News version 2.11 removed the requirement for moderated groups to use the "mod." prefix, allowed posting to moderated groups using newsreaders rather than separate e-mail programs, and eliminated the flat storage method, which required that the first 14 characters of all newsgroups be unique. With this added flexibility and transparency, it became practical to undertake the effort.
The backbone providers, "the backbone cabal," were instrumental in this reorganization of Usenet since they had a great influence with respect to supporting a new newsgroup. Some suggest that members of the cabal had interests in bundling certain newsgroups into the talk.* hierarchy, so that they would not be objected to by their supervisors. [4]
A more detailed account of reasons behind the Renaming can also be seen in a Usenet article posted by Gene Spafford at net.news and net.news.group.
These newsgroups were categorized into a series of hierarchies, to make it easier for newsgroups to be created and distributed. The original hierarchies were comp.*, misc.*, news.*, rec.*, sci.*, soc.*, and talk.*.
These hierarchies, known collectively as the "Big Seven," were open and free for anyone to participate in (except for the moderated newsgroups), though they were subject to a few general rules governing their naming and distribution.
Several other popular hierarchies remained on Usenet as well, such as the k12.* hierarchy, which covers topics especially relating to education, schools, and colleges.
An additional hierarchy, alt.*, was also created shortly after the Renaming. The term alt is short for "alternative" (but has been taken to stand for "anarchists, lunatics, and terrorists"). The alt.* hierarchy was meant to be completely free from centralized control, and it was not subject to the formalities of the Big Seven.
In the mid-1990s, when the Usenet traffic grew significantly, one more hierarchy, humanities.*, was introduced, and with the seven hierarchies created by the Renaming, comprises today's so-called "Big 8."
Before the Renaming, the newsgroups were categorized into three hierarchies: fa.* for groups gatewayed from ARPANET, mod.* for moderated discussions, and net.* for unmoderated groups. Names of the groups were said to be rather haphazard (see The Great Renaming FAQ).
While reorganization discussions had taken place earlier, software limitations prevented the adoption of a consistent organization scheme. Improvements introduced by Adams in 1986 with B News version 2.11 removed the requirement for moderated groups to use the "mod." prefix, allowed posting to moderated groups using newsreaders rather than separate e-mail programs, and eliminated the flat storage method, which required that the first 14 characters of all newsgroups be unique. With this added flexibility and transparency, it became practical to undertake the effort.
The backbone providers, "the backbone cabal," were instrumental in this reorganization of Usenet since they had a great influence with respect to supporting a new newsgroup. Some suggest that members of the cabal had interests in bundling certain newsgroups into the talk.* hierarchy, so that they would not be objected to by their supervisors. [4]
A more detailed account of reasons behind the Renaming can also be seen in a Usenet article posted by Gene Spafford at net.news and net.news.group.
These newsgroups were categorized into a series of hierarchies, to make it easier for newsgroups to be created and distributed. The original hierarchies were comp.*, misc.*, news.*, rec.*, sci.*, soc.*, and talk.*.
These hierarchies, known collectively as the "Big Seven," were open and free for anyone to participate in (except for the moderated newsgroups), though they were subject to a few general rules governing their naming and distribution.
Several other popular hierarchies remained on Usenet as well, such as the k12.* hierarchy, which covers topics especially relating to education, schools, and colleges.
An additional hierarchy, alt.*, was also created shortly after the Renaming. The term alt is short for "alternative" (but has been taken to stand for "anarchists, lunatics, and terrorists"). The alt.* hierarchy was meant to be completely free from centralized control, and it was not subject to the formalities of the Big Seven.
In the mid-1990s, when the Usenet traffic grew significantly, one more hierarchy, humanities.*, was introduced, and with the seven hierarchies created by the Renaming, comprises today's so-called "Big 8."
See also
Usenet (USEr NETwork) is a global, decentralized, distributed Internet discussion system that evolved from a general purpose UUCP architecture of the same name. It was conceived by Duke University graduate students Tom Truscott and Jim Ellis in 1979.
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A newsgroup is a repository usually within the Usenet system, for messages posted from many users at different locations. The term is somewhat confusing, because it is usually a discussion group.
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19th century - 20th century - 21st century
1950s 1960s 1970s - 1980s - 1990s 2000s 2010s
1984 1985 1986 - 1987 - 1988 1989 1990
Year 1987 (MCMLXXXVII
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1950s 1960s 1970s - 1980s - 1990s 2000s 2010s
1984 1985 1986 - 1987 - 1988 1989 1990
Year 1987 (MCMLXXXVII
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Europe is one of the seven traditional continents of the Earth. Physically and geologically, Europe is the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, west of Asia. Europe is bounded to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the west by the Atlantic Ocean, to the south by the Mediterranean Sea,
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religion is a set of common beliefs and practices generally held by a group of people, often codified as prayer, ritual, and religious law. Religion also encompasses ancestral or cultural traditions, writings, history, and mythology, as well as personal faith and mystic experience.
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Racism has many definitions, the most common and widely accepted being the belief that members of one race are intrinsically superior or inferior to members of other races.
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B News was a Usenet news server developed at the University of California, Berkeley by Matt Glickman and Mark Horton as a replacement for A News. It was used on Unix systems from 1981 into the 1990s and is the reference implementation for the de facto
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UUNET is one of the oldest and largest Internet service providers and one of the nine Tier 1 networks. It is based in Northern Virginia.
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Background
Prior to its founding, access to Usenet and E-mail exchange from non-ARPANET sites was accomplished using a cooperative..... Click the link for more information.
Rick Adams was an Internet pioneer and the founder of UUNET, which, in the mid and late 1990s, was the world's largest Internet Service Provider (ISP).
Rick Adams was responsible for the first widely available Serial Line IP (SLIP) implementation and founding UUNET, thereby
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Rick Adams was responsible for the first widely available Serial Line IP (SLIP) implementation and founding UUNET, thereby
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The ARPANET, developed by DARPA of the United States Department of Defense, was the world's first operational packet switching network, and the predecessor of the global Internet.
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On Internet websites which invite users to post comments, a moderation system is the method the webmaster chooses to sort contributions which are irrelevant, obscene, illegal or insulting from contributions which are useful or informative.
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19th century - 20th century - 21st century
1950s 1960s 1970s - 1980s - 1990s 2000s 2010s
1983 1984 1985 - 1986 - 1987 1988 1989
Year 1986 (MCMLXXXVI
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1950s 1960s 1970s - 1980s - 1990s 2000s 2010s
1983 1984 1985 - 1986 - 1987 1988 1989
Year 1986 (MCMLXXXVI
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B News was a Usenet news server developed at the University of California, Berkeley by Matt Glickman and Mark Horton as a replacement for A News. It was used on Unix systems from 1981 into the 1990s and is the reference implementation for the de facto
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A news client is an application software that reads articles on Usenet (generally known as newsgroup), either directly from the news server's disks or via the Network News Transfer Protocol.
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E-mail (short for electronic mail; often also abbreviated as e-mail, email or simply mail) is a store and forward method of composing, sending, storing, and receiving messages over electronic communication systems.
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The backbone cabal was a group of large-site administrators who pushed through the Great Renaming during most of the 1980s.
Credit for organizing the backbone about 1983 is variously claimed for Mark Horton [1] or Gene "Spaf" Spafford, [2]
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Credit for organizing the backbone about 1983 is variously claimed for Mark Horton [1] or Gene "Spaf" Spafford, [2]
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Eugene H. Spafford (born 1956) (known colloquially as "Spaf") is a professor of computer science at Purdue University and a leading computer security expert.
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Biography
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hierarchy (in Greek: Ἱεραρχία, derived from ἱερός — hieros, 'sacred', and
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The Big 7 (later the Big 8) are a group of newsgroup hierarchies established after the Great Renaming, a restructuring of Usenet that took place in 1987. These hierarchies are managed by the Big 8 Management Board . Groups are added through a process of .
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Education encompasses teaching and learning specific skills, and also something less tangible but more profound: the imparting of knowledge, positive judgment and well-developed wisdom.
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school is an institution where students (or "pupils") learn while under the supervision of teachers. In most systems of formal education, students progress through a series of schools: primary school, secondary school, and possibly a university ,
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Please assist in recruiting an expert or [ improve this article] yourself. See the talk page for details. This article has been tagged since July 2007.
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Please assist in recruiting an expert or [ improve this article] yourself. See the talk page for details. This article has been tagged since July 2007.
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The alt.* hierarchy is a major class of newsgroups in Usenet, containing all newsgroups whose name begins with "alt.", organized hierarchically. The alt.
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Anarchism (from Greek αναρχία , "without archons," "without rulers")[1] is a political philosophy encompassing theories and attitudes which reject compulsory government[2] and support its elimination,[3]
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lunatic (colloquially: "looney") is a commonly used term for a person who is mentally ill, dangerous, foolish or unpredictable, a condition once called lunacy.
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Terrorism in the modern sense[1] is violence or other harmful acts committed (or threatened) against civilians for political or other ideological goals.[2]
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Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century
1960s 1970s 1980s - 1990s - 2000s 2010s 2020s
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
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1960s 1970s 1980s - 1990s - 2000s 2010s 2020s
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For the band, see .
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The Big 7 (later the Big 8) are a group of newsgroup hierarchies established after the Great Renaming, a restructuring of Usenet that took place in 1987. These hierarchies are managed by the Big 8 Management Board . Groups are added through a process of .
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The Big 7 (later the Big 8) are a group of newsgroup hierarchies established after the Great Renaming, a restructuring of Usenet that took place in 1987. These hierarchies are managed by the Big 8 Management Board . Groups are added through a process of .
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