Information about Grammatical Person
Grammatical person, in linguistics, is deictic reference to the participant role of a referent, such as the speaker, the addressee, and others. Grammatical person typically defines a language's set of personal pronouns. It also frequently affects verbs, sometimes nouns, and possessive relationships as well.
The personal pronouns I and we are said to be in the first person. The speaker uses this in the singular to refer to himself or herself; in the plural, to speak of a group of people including the speaker.
The personal pronoun you is in the second person. It refers to the addressee. You is used in both the singular and plural; thou is the archaic second-person singular pronoun.
All other pronouns and all nouns are in the third person. Any person, place, or thing other than the speaker and the addressed is referred to in the third person.
See English personal pronouns, and the following articles on specific grammatical persons, or their corresponding personal pronouns:
Other languages use different classifying systems, especially in the plural pronouns. One frequently found difference not present in most Indo-European languages is a contrast between inclusive and exclusive "we", a distinction of first-person pronouns of including or excluding the addressee.
Other languages have much more elaborate systems of formality that go well beyond the T-V distinction, and use many different pronouns and verb forms that express the speaker's relationship with the people he or she addresses. Many Malayo-Polynesian languages, such as Javanese and Balinese are well known for their complex systems of honorifics; Japanese and Korean also have similar systems to a lesser extent.
In many languages, the verb takes a form dependent on this person and whether it is singular or plural. In English, this happens with the verb to be as follows:
The grammar of some languages divide the semantic space into more than three persons. The extra categories may be termed fourth person, fifth person, etc. Such terms are not absolute but can refer depending on context to any of several phenomena.
Some languages, the best-known examples being Algonquian languages, divide the category of third person into two parts: proximate for a more topical third person, and obviative for a less topical third person. The obviative is sometimes called the fourth person.
The term fourth person is also sometimes used for the category of indefinite or generic referents, that work like one in English phrases such as "one should be prepared" or people in people say that..., when the grammar treats them differently from ordinary third-person forms. For example, the so-called "passive tense" in Finnish and related languages is actually not a tense, and has the same meaning as a phrase with subjects "one" or "people" in English.
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Grammatical person in English
English distinguishes three grammatical persons:The personal pronouns I and we are said to be in the first person. The speaker uses this in the singular to refer to himself or herself; in the plural, to speak of a group of people including the speaker.
The personal pronoun you is in the second person. It refers to the addressee. You is used in both the singular and plural; thou is the archaic second-person singular pronoun.
All other pronouns and all nouns are in the third person. Any person, place, or thing other than the speaker and the addressed is referred to in the third person.
See English personal pronouns, and the following articles on specific grammatical persons, or their corresponding personal pronouns:
- I ( 1st. person singular)
- Thou (2nd. person singular, archaic)
- You (2nd. person singular/plural)
- He (3rd. person singular, masculine)
- She (3rd. person singular, feminine)
- It (3rd. person singular, neuter)
- One (morphologically 3rd. person singular, though semantically equivalent to "we")
- We (1st. person plural)
- Y'all (2nd. person plural, dialectal)
- Youse (2nd. person plural, dialectal)
- Ye (2nd. person plural, archaic)
- They (3rd. person plural)
Additional persons
In Indo-European languages, first-, second-, and third-person pronouns are all marked for singular and plural forms, and sometimes dual forms as well (see grammatical number). Some languages, especially European, distinguish degrees of formality and informality. See T-V distinction.Other languages use different classifying systems, especially in the plural pronouns. One frequently found difference not present in most Indo-European languages is a contrast between inclusive and exclusive "we", a distinction of first-person pronouns of including or excluding the addressee.
Other languages have much more elaborate systems of formality that go well beyond the T-V distinction, and use many different pronouns and verb forms that express the speaker's relationship with the people he or she addresses. Many Malayo-Polynesian languages, such as Javanese and Balinese are well known for their complex systems of honorifics; Japanese and Korean also have similar systems to a lesser extent.
In many languages, the verb takes a form dependent on this person and whether it is singular or plural. In English, this happens with the verb to be as follows:
- I am (first-person singular)
- you are/thou art (second-person singular)
- he, she, one or it is (third-person singular)
- we are (first-person plural)
- you are (second-person plural)
- they are (third-person plural)
The grammar of some languages divide the semantic space into more than three persons. The extra categories may be termed fourth person, fifth person, etc. Such terms are not absolute but can refer depending on context to any of several phenomena.
Some languages, the best-known examples being Algonquian languages, divide the category of third person into two parts: proximate for a more topical third person, and obviative for a less topical third person. The obviative is sometimes called the fourth person.
The term fourth person is also sometimes used for the category of indefinite or generic referents, that work like one in English phrases such as "one should be prepared" or people in people say that..., when the grammar treats them differently from ordinary third-person forms. For example, the so-called "passive tense" in Finnish and related languages is actually not a tense, and has the same meaning as a phrase with subjects "one" or "people" in English.
See also
- Grammatical conjugation
- Grammatical number
- Personal pronoun
- English personal pronouns
- Gender-neutral pronoun
- Gender-specific pronoun
- Generic antecedents
- Generic you
- Singular they
- Verb
External links
For the journal, see .
Linguistics is the scientific study of language, which can be theoretical or applied. Someone who engages in this study is called a linguist...... Click the link for more information.
In pragmatics and linguistics, deixis (Greek: δειξις display, demonstration, or reference, the meaning "point of reference" in contemporary linguistics having been taken over from Chrysippus, Stoica 2,65) is a process whereby words or expressions rely
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In linguistics, an addressee is an intended direct recipient of the speaker's communication. A listener is either an addressee or a bystander.
Second-person pronouns refer to an addressee or a group including an addressee.
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Second-person pronouns refer to an addressee or a group including an addressee.
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verb is a word belonging to the part of speech that usually denotes an action (bring, read), an occurrence (decompose, glitter), or a state of being (exist, stand).
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Examples
A proper or common noun can co-occur with an article or an attributive adjective. Verbs and adjectives can't. As usual, a `*' in front of an example means that this example is ungrammatical.
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A proper or common noun can co-occur with an article or an attributive adjective. Verbs and adjectives can't. As usual, a `*' in front of an example means that this example is ungrammatical.
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In grammar, the genitive case or possessive case (also called the second case) is the case that marks a noun as being the possessor of another noun.
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English}}}
Writing system: Latin (English variant)
Official status
Official language of: 53 countries
Regulated by: no official regulation
Language codes
ISO 639-1: en
ISO 639-2: eng
ISO 639-3: eng
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Writing system: Latin (English variant)
Official status
Official language of: 53 countries
Regulated by: no official regulation
Language codes
ISO 639-1: en
ISO 639-2: eng
ISO 639-3: eng
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thou (pronounced IPA: /ğaʊ/, dialectically various) is a second person singular pronoun in English. It is now largely archaic, having been replaced in almost all contexts by you.
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In language, an archaism is the use of a form of speech or writing that is no longer current. This can either be done deliberately (to achieve a specific effect) or as part of a specific jargon (for example in law) or formula (for example in religious contexts).
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personal pronouns of English can have various forms according to gender, number, person, and case. Modern English is a language with very little inflection, to the point where some authors describe it as analytic, but its system of personal pronouns has preserved part of the
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I (IPA: /aɪ/) is the first-person, singular personal pronoun (subject case) in Modern English. Personal pronouns in standard Modern English
Singular Plural
Subject Object Possessive Subject Object Possessive
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Singular Plural
Subject Object Possessive Subject Object Possessive
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thou (pronounced IPA: /ğaʊ/, dialectically various) is a second person singular pronoun in English. It is now largely archaic, having been replaced in almost all contexts by you.
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YOU is a South African magazine which is the English version of the Afrikaans family magazine Huisgenoot.
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This article is about the Modern English personal pronoun. For other uses, see You (disambiguation).
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He (IPA: /hiː/) is a third-person, singular personal pronoun (subject case) in Modern English. Personal pronouns in standard Modern English
Singular Plural
Subject Object Possessive Subject Object Possessive
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Singular Plural
Subject Object Possessive Subject Object Possessive
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A language has gender-specific pronouns when personal pronouns have different forms according to the gender of their referents.
The English language has three gender-specific pronouns in the 3rd.
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The English language has three gender-specific pronouns in the 3rd.
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SHE may refer to:
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- Standard hydrogen electrode, also called Normal hydrogen electrode.
- SHE, Systeme Hydrologique Europeen, a hydrology transport model
- S.H.E a Taiwanese girl group
- SHE, a British alternative blues band
- SHE
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A language has gender-specific pronouns when personal pronouns have different forms according to the gender of their referents.
The English language has three gender-specific pronouns in the 3rd.
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The English language has three gender-specific pronouns in the 3rd.
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It (IPA: /ɪt/) is a third-person, singular neuter pronoun (subject case) in Modern English. Personal pronouns in standard Modern English
Singular Plural
Subject Object Possessive Subject Object Possessive
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Singular Plural
Subject Object Possessive Subject Object Possessive
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A language has gender-specific pronouns when personal pronouns have different forms according to the gender of their referents.
The English language has three gender-specific pronouns in the 3rd.
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The English language has three gender-specific pronouns in the 3rd.
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One is a pronoun in the English language. It is a gender neutral, third-person singular (though slightly anomalous) pronoun, commonly used in English prose. It is equivalent to the French pronoun on (upon which it may be modeled), or the German man.
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We (IPA: /wiː/) is the first-person, plural personal pronoun (subject case) in Modern English. Personal pronouns in standard Modern English
Singular Plural
Subject Object Possessive Subject Object Possessive
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Singular Plural
Subject Object Possessive Subject Object Possessive
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Y'all, sometimes misspelled as "Ya'll", "Yawl", or "Yaw", and archaically spelled "You-all", is a fused grammaticalization of the phrase "you all".
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YOU is a South African magazine which is the English version of the Afrikaans family magazine Huisgenoot.
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This article is about the Modern English personal pronoun. For other uses, see You (disambiguation).
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Ye can refer to:
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- Ye (pronoun), the Early Modern English plural nominative of you
- Ye (surname) (叶), a Chinese surname
- Ye, often used in early typescript in place of the; William Caxton decided on the glyph Y
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They (IPA: /ğeɪ/) is a third-person, personal pronoun (subject case) in Modern English. Personal pronouns in standard Modern English
Singular Plural
Subject Object Possessive Subject Object Possessive
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Singular Plural
Subject Object Possessive Subject Object Possessive
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Indo-European languages comprise a family of several hundred related languages and dialects [1], including most of the major languages of Europe, the northern Indian subcontinent (South Asia), the Iranian plateau (Southwest Asia), and much of Central Asia.
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grammatical number is grammatical category of nouns, pronouns, and verb agreement that expresses count distinctions (such as "one" or "more than one").[1]
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Plural is a grammatical number, typically referring to more than one of the referent in the real world.
In the English language, singular and plural are the only grammatical numbers.
In English, nouns, pronouns, and demonstratives inflect for plurality.
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In the English language, singular and plural are the only grammatical numbers.
In English, nouns, pronouns, and demonstratives inflect for plurality.
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Dual is a grammatical number that some languages use in addition to singular and plural. When a noun or pronoun appears in dual form, it is interpreted as referring to precisely two of the entities (objects or persons) identified by the noun or pronoun.
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