Information about Gothic Alphabet
- This article is about the 4th century alphabet of the Gothic bible. Blackletter typefaces for the Latin alphabet are sometimes referred to as "Gothic script".
- This Article contains gothic glyphs. You might like to install a particular .
| Gothic | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Alphabet | |
| Languages | Gothic language | |
| Time period | Before 300, in decline by 500 | |
| Parent systems | Mostly Greek, with Latin and Runic influences Gothic | |
| ISO 15924 | Goth | |
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. | ||
The Gothic alphabet is an alphabetic writing system attributed by Philostorgius to Wulfila, used exclusively for writing the ancient Gothic language. Before its creation in the fourth century, Gothic was possibly written in runes. It was primarily used by Wulfila to translate the Bible into Gothic. It appears to be derived from the Greek alphabet with some borrowings from the Latin one. The names clearly derive from the names of the Runic alphabet.
The letters
| History of the alphabet |
|---|
Middle Bronze Age 18–15th c. BC
|
| Meroitic 3rd c. BC |
| Hangul 1443 |
| Zhuyin 1913 |
| complete genealogy |
)
Representation of the Gothic alphabet surrounding its inventor Ulfilas.
As with the Greek alphabet, letters were also used as numerals. When used as numerals, letters were generally written with an overdot or overbar. There are two numerals (representing 90 and 900) with no phonetic value.
The letter names are recorded in a 9th century manuscript of Alcuin (Codex Vindobonensis 795). Most of them seem to be Gothic forms of names also appearing in the rune poems. The names are given in the reconstructed form of the Gothic words, followed by the spelling of their actual attestation.
| Letter | Translit. | c.f. | Name | IPA | Numeric value | XML Entity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
�� ){kind=spacer} | a | Α | ahsa / aza | /a, aː/ | 1 | 𐌰 |
�� ){kind=spacer} | b | Β | bairkan / bercna | /b, β/ | 2 | 𐌱 |
�� ){kind=spacer} | g | Γ | giba / geuua | /ɡ/ | 3 | 𐌲 |
�� ){kind=spacer} | d | Δ | dags / daaz | /d, ğ/ | 4 | 𐌳 |
�� ){kind=spacer} | e | Ε | aiƕus / eyz | /e, eː/ | 5 | 𐌴 |
�� ){kind=spacer} | q | Π | qairşra (qairthra) / qertra | /kʷ/ | 6 | 𐌵 |
�� ){kind=spacer} | z | Ζ | ezec | /z/ | 7 | 𐌶 |
�� ){kind=spacer} | h | H | hagl / haal | /h/ | 8 | 𐌷 |
�� ){kind=spacer} | ş, th | Θ | şiuş (thiuth) / thyth | /θ/ | 9 | 𐌸 |
�� ){kind=spacer} | i | Ι | eis / iiz | /i, iː/ | 10 | 𐌹 |
){kind=small} | i | Ι | eis / iiz | /i, iː/ | 10 |  |
�� ){kind=spacer} | k | Κ | kusma / chozma | /k/ | 20 | 𐌺 |
�� ){kind=spacer} | l | Λ | lagus / laaz | /l/ | 30 | 𐌻 |
�� ){kind=spacer} | m | Μ | manna | /m/ | 40 | 𐌼 |
�� ){kind=spacer} | n | Ν | nauşs (nauths) / noicz | /n/ | 50 | 𐌽 |
�� ){kind=spacer} | j | ᛃ | jer / gaar | /j/ | 60 | 𐌾 |
�� ){kind=spacer} | u | ᚢ | urus / uraz | /u, uː/ | 70 | 𐌿 |
�� ){kind=spacer} | p | Π | pairşra (pairthra) / pertra | /p/ | 80 | 𐍀 |
�� ){kind=spacer} | Ϟ | 90 | 𐍁 | |||
�� ){kind=spacer} | r | R | raida / reda | /r/ | 100 | 𐍂 |
�� ){kind=small} | s | S | sauil / sugil | /s/ | 200 | 𐍃 |
�� ){kind=small} | t | Τ | teiws / tyz | /t/ | 300 | 𐍄 |
�� ){kind=small} | w | Υ | winja / uuinne | /w, y/ | 400 | 𐍅 |
�� ){kind=small} | f | F | faihu / fe | /f/ | 500 | 𐍆 |
�� ){kind=small} | x | X | iggws / enguz | /kʰ/ | 600 | 𐍇 |
�� ){kind=small} | ƕ, hw | ƕair / uuaer | /ʍ/ | 700 | 𐍈 | |
�� ){kind=small} | o | Ω | oşal (othal) / utal | /o, oː/ | 800 | 𐍉 |
�� ){kind=small} | Ϡ | 900 | 𐍊 |
Most of the letters are taken over from the Greek alphabet directly, but a few letters are innovated to accurately express Gothic phonology; these are
j,
u (expressed in Greek as a digraph ου),
ƕ,
and q (interestingly not derived from Greek koppa, which figures merely as the numeral 90 , but a variant of p). ş similarly to Cyrillic Ф seems derived from Greek Φ rather than Θ.
r and s appear derived from the Latin rather than the Greek alphabet. Likewise, the shape of f is derived from Latin F rather than Greek digamma, since it takes the place of Φ, not digamma, in alphabetical order.
x is only used in proper names and loanwords containing Greek X (xristus "Christ", galiugaxristus "ψευδόχριστος", zaxarias "Zacharias", aivxaristia "eucharist").
Regarding the letters' numeric values, most correspond to that of the Greek numerals.
q takes the place of digamma (6); j takes the place of ξ (60), u that of ο (70) ƕ that of ψ (700).
Diacritics and punctuation
Diacritics and punctuation used in the Codex Argenteus include a trema placed on i, transliterated as ï, in general applied to express diaeresis, the Interpunct (·) and colon (:) as well as overlines to indicate sigla (such as xaus for xristaus).
Character encoding
The Gothic alphabet is encoded in Unicode in the range U+10330–U+1034F. As older software often assumes that all Unicode codepoints can be expressed as 16 bit numbers (smaller than U+10000), problems may be encountered using the Gothic alphabet Unicode range.| Gothic Unicode.org chart (PDF) | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| U+ | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F |
| 1033 | 𐌰 | 𐌱 | 𐌲 | 𐌳 | 𐌴 | 𐌵 | 𐌶 | 𐌷 | 𐌸 | 𐌹 | 𐌺 | 𐌻 | 𐌼 | 𐌽 | 𐌾 | 𐌿 |
| 1034 | 𐍀 | 𐍁 | 𐍂 | 𐍃 | 𐍄 | 𐍅 | 𐍆 | 𐍇 | 𐍈 | 𐍉 | 𐍊 | | | | | |
See also
External links
- Omniglot's Gothic writing page
- Pater Noster in Gothic
- JavaScript Gothic transliterator
- Unicode code chart for Gothic
- WAZU JAPAN's Gallery of Gothic Unicode Fonts
Blackletter, also known as Gothic script or Gothic minuscule, was a script used throughout Western Europe from approximately 1150 to 1500. It continued to be used for the German language until the twentieth century.
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- ABCs redirects here, for the Alien Big Cats, see British big cats.
An alphabet is a standardized set of letters
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Gothic}}}
Writing system: Gothic alphabet
Language codes
ISO 639-1: none
ISO 639-2: got
ISO 639-3: got
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Writing system: Gothic alphabet
Language codes
ISO 639-1: none
ISO 639-2: got
ISO 639-3: got
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3rd century - 4th century
270s 280s 290s - 300s - 310s 320s 330s
297 298 299 - 300 - 301 302 303
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270s 280s 290s - 300s - 310s 320s 330s
297 298 299 - 300 - 301 302 303
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5th century · 6th century
470s 480s 490s 500s 510s 520s 530s
497 498 499 500 501 502 503
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470s 480s 490s 500s 510s 520s 530s
497 498 499 500 501 502 503
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Greek alphabet
Child systems Gothic
Glagolitic
Cyrillic
Coptic
Old Italic alphabet
Latin alphabet
ISO 15924 Grek
Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode.
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Child systems Gothic
Glagolitic
Cyrillic
Coptic
Old Italic alphabet
Latin alphabet
ISO 15924 Grek
Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode.
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Latin alphabet
Child systems Numerous: see Alphabets derived from the Latin
Sister systems Cyrillic
Coptic
Armenian
Runic/Futhark
Unicode range See Latin characters in Unicode
ISO 15924 Latn
Note
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Child systems Numerous: see Alphabets derived from the Latin
Sister systems Cyrillic
Coptic
Armenian
Runic/Futhark
Unicode range See Latin characters in Unicode
ISO 15924 Latn
Note
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Runic
Child systems Younger Futhark, Anglo-Saxon Futhorc
ISO 15924 Runr
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The Runic alphabets are a set of related alphabets using letters (known as runes
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Child systems Younger Futhark, Anglo-Saxon Futhorc
ISO 15924 Runr
Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode.
The Runic alphabets are a set of related alphabets using letters (known as runes
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ISO 15924, Codes for the representation of names of scripts, defines two sets of codes for a number of writing systems (scripts). Each script is given both a four-letter code and a numeric one.
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International Phonetic Alphabet
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The International
Phonetic Alphabet
History
Nonstandard symbols
Extended IPA
Naming conventions
IPA for English The
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Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode.
The International
Phonetic Alphabet
History
Nonstandard symbols
Extended IPA
Naming conventions
IPA for English The
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Unicode is an industry standard allowing computers to consistently represent and manipulate text expressed in any of the world's writing systems. Developed in tandem with the Universal Character Set standard and published in book form as The Unicode Standard
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Philostorgius (368 - ca. 433) was an Anomoean Church historian of the 4th and 5th centuries. (Anomoeanism questioned the Trinitarian account of the relationship between God the Father and Christ and was considered a heresy by trinitarian Christians.
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Wulfila or Ulfilas
Born in
Died 383 in
Writings translated the Bible into Gothic
Offices held Bishop of the Goths
Children (adopted) Auxentius of Durostorum
Ulfilas or Wulfila (meaning "little wolf")[1] (ca.
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Born in
Died 383 in
Writings translated the Bible into Gothic
Offices held Bishop of the Goths
Children (adopted) Auxentius of Durostorum
Ulfilas or Wulfila (meaning "little wolf")[1] (ca.
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Gothic}}}
Writing system: Gothic alphabet
Language codes
ISO 639-1: none
ISO 639-2: got
ISO 639-3: got
..... Click the link for more information.
Writing system: Gothic alphabet
Language codes
ISO 639-1: none
ISO 639-2: got
ISO 639-3: got
..... Click the link for more information.
As a means of recording the passage of time, the 4th century (per the Julian/Gregorian calendar and Anno Domini era) was that century which lasted from 301 to 400.
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Overview
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Pietroassa (recte Pietroasa, north-western Romania, some 50km south of Satu Mare), dated to the ca. AD 400, bearing an Elder Futhark inscription of 15 runes. The ring was stolen in 1875, and clipped in two with pliers by a Bucharest goldsmith.
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The Bible is
Bible
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- Part of
- (see The Hebrew Bible below)
- Part of a series on Christianity
- (see The New Testament below)
Bible
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Greek alphabet
Child systems Gothic
Glagolitic
Cyrillic
Coptic
Old Italic alphabet
Latin alphabet
ISO 15924 Grek
Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode.
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Child systems Gothic
Glagolitic
Cyrillic
Coptic
Old Italic alphabet
Latin alphabet
ISO 15924 Grek
Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode.
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Latin alphabet
Child systems Numerous: see Alphabets derived from the Latin
Sister systems Cyrillic
Coptic
Armenian
Runic/Futhark
Unicode range See Latin characters in Unicode
ISO 15924 Latn
Note
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Child systems Numerous: see Alphabets derived from the Latin
Sister systems Cyrillic
Coptic
Armenian
Runic/Futhark
Unicode range See Latin characters in Unicode
ISO 15924 Latn
Note
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Runic
Child systems Younger Futhark, Anglo-Saxon Futhorc
ISO 15924 Runr
Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode.
The Runic alphabets are a set of related alphabets using letters (known as runes
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Child systems Younger Futhark, Anglo-Saxon Futhorc
ISO 15924 Runr
Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode.
The Runic alphabets are a set of related alphabets using letters (known as runes
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The history of the alphabet begins in Ancient Egypt, more than a millennium into the history of writing. The first pure alphabet emerged around 2000 BCE to represent the language of Semitic workers in Egypt (see Middle Bronze Age alphabets), and was derived from the
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Middle Bronze Age alphabets are two similar undeciphered scripts, dated to be from the Middle Bronze Age (2000-1500 BCE), and believed to be ancestral to nearly all modern alphabets:
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- the Proto-Sinaitic
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The Ugaritic alphabet is a cuneiform abjad (alphabet without vowels), used from around 1500 BC for the Ugaritic language, an extinct Canaanite language discovered in Ugarit, Syria. It has 31 distinct letters.
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The Ugaritic alphabet is a cuneiform abjad (alphabet without vowels), used from around 1500 BC for the Ugaritic language, an extinct Canaanite language discovered in Ugarit, Syria. It has 31 distinct letters.
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Proto-Canaanite alphabet
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The Proto-Canaanite alphabet is an abjad of twenty-plus acrophonic glyphs, found in Levantine texts of the Late Bronze Age (from ca.
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Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode.
The Proto-Canaanite alphabet is an abjad of twenty-plus acrophonic glyphs, found in Levantine texts of the Late Bronze Age (from ca.
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Phoenician alphabet
Child systems Paleo-Hebrew alphabet
Aramaic alphabet
Greek alphabet
Many hypothesized others
Sister systems South Arabian alphabet
Unicode range U+10900 to U+1091F
ISO 15924 Phnx
Note
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Child systems Paleo-Hebrew alphabet
Aramaic alphabet
Greek alphabet
Many hypothesized others
Sister systems South Arabian alphabet
Unicode range U+10900 to U+1091F
ISO 15924 Phnx
Note
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Paleo-Hebrew alphabet
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The Paleo-Hebrew alphabet also know as Ktav Ivri is an offshoot of the Phoenician alphabet used to write the Hebrew language from about the 10th century BCE until it began to
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Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode.
The Paleo-Hebrew alphabet also know as Ktav Ivri is an offshoot of the Phoenician alphabet used to write the Hebrew language from about the 10th century BCE until it began to
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Aramaic alphabet
Child systems Hebrew
Nabataean
Syriac
Palmyrenean
Mandaic
Brāhmī
Pahlavi
Sogdian
Kharoṣṭhī
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Child systems Hebrew
Nabataean
Syriac
Palmyrenean
Mandaic
Brāhmī
Pahlavi
Sogdian
Kharoṣṭhī
Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode.
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History of the alphabet
Middle Bronze Age 18–15th c. BC
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Middle Bronze Age 18–15th c. BC
- Ugaritic 15th c. BC
- Proto-Canaanite 14th c. BC
- Phoenician 11th c. BC
- Paleo-Hebrew 10th c.
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Tibetan
ISO 15924 Tibt
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The Tibetan script
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ISO 15924 Tibt
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Khmer
Child systems Thai
Lao
Sister systems Old Mon (Burmese)
ISO 15924 Khmr
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Child systems Thai
Lao
Sister systems Old Mon (Burmese)
ISO 15924 Khmr
Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode.
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