Information about Glycolipid
Glycolipids are carbohydrate-attached lipids. Their role is to provide energy and also serve as markers for cellular recognition.
They occur where a carbohydrate chain is associated with phospholipids on the exoplasmic surface of the cell membrane. The carbohydrates are found on the outer surface of all eukaryotic cell membranes.
They extend from the phospholipid bilayer into the aqueous environment outside the cell where it acts as a recognition site for specific chemicals as well as helping to maintain the stability of the membrane and attaching cells to one another to form tissues.
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GD2 is a disialoganglioside expressed on tumors of neuroectodermal origin, including human neuroblastoma and melanoma, with highly restricted expression on normal tissues, principally to the cerebellum and
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They occur where a carbohydrate chain is associated with phospholipids on the exoplasmic surface of the cell membrane. The carbohydrates are found on the outer surface of all eukaryotic cell membranes.
They extend from the phospholipid bilayer into the aqueous environment outside the cell where it acts as a recognition site for specific chemicals as well as helping to maintain the stability of the membrane and attaching cells to one another to form tissues.
Types of glycolipids
The following is an incomplete listing of glycolipid types.- Galactolipids
- Sulfolipids (SQDG)
- Glycosphingolipids
- Cerebrosides
- Gangliosides (the most complex glycolipids; contain oligosacchrides with one or more sialic acid residues; more than 40 different gangliosides have been identified; they are most abundant in nerve cells)
- Galactocerebrosides
- Glucocerebrosides
- Globosides
See also
External links
Lipids and glycolipids: sphingolipids and glycosphingolipids |
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Lipids can be broadly defined as any fat-soluble (hydrophobic), naturally-occurring molecules. The term is more-specifically used to refer to fatty-acids and their derivatives (including tri-, di-, and monoglycerides and phospholipids) as well as other fat-soluble sterol-containing
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energy (from the Greek ενεργός, energos, "active, working")[1] is a scalar physical quantity that is a property of objects and systems of objects which is conserved by nature.
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A genetic marker is a known DNA sequence that can be identified by a simple assay.
It can be described as some sort of variation present can arise due to mutation or alteration in the genomic loci that can be observed.
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It can be described as some sort of variation present can arise due to mutation or alteration in the genomic loci that can be observed.
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U indicates the uncharged hydrophobic portion of the molecule, highlighted in blue.]]
Phospholipids are a class of lipids, and a major component of all biological membranes, along with glycolipids, cholesterol and proteins.
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Phospholipids are a class of lipids, and a major component of all biological membranes, along with glycolipids, cholesterol and proteins.
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- See also:
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Biological tissue is a collection of interconnected cells that perform a similar function within an organism.
The study of tissue is known as histology, or, in connection with disease, histopathology.
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The study of tissue is known as histology, or, in connection with disease, histopathology.
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sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (SQDG). The sulpholipid structure was defined as 1,2-di-O-acyl-3-O-(6-deoxy-6-sulpho-a-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol (SQDG). The distinctive feature of this substance is carbon bonded directly to sulphur as C-SO3.
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Glycosphingolipids are a subtype of glycolipids containing the amino alcohol sphingosine. They include:
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- cerebrosides
- gangliosides
- globosides
- sphingomyelin
External links
- MeSH Glycosphingolipids
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Cerebrosides are glycosphingolipids which are important components in animal muscle and nerve cell membranes. Myelin is the most well known cerebroside.
They consist of a ceramide with a single sugar residue at the 1-hydroxyl moiety.
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They consist of a ceramide with a single sugar residue at the 1-hydroxyl moiety.
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Ganglioside is a compound composed of a glycosphingolipid (ceramide and oligosaccharide) with one or more sialic acids (AKA n-acetylneuraminic acid) linked on the sugar chain. The 40+ known gangliosides differ mainly in the position and number of NANA residues.
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A galactocerebroside (or galactosylceramide) is a type of cerebroside consisting of a ceramide with a galactose residue at the 1-hydroxyl moiety.
The galactose is cleaved by galactosylceramidase.
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The galactose is cleaved by galactosylceramidase.
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Glucocerebroside (also called glucosylceramide) is any of the cerebrosides in which the monosaccharide head group is glucose.
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Clinical significance
They occur mostly in nonneuronal tissue and accumulate abnormally in Gaucher disease, where glucocerebrosidase is..... Click the link for more information.
globoside is a type of glycosphingolipid with N-Acetylgalactosamine as the side chain.
The side chain can be cleaved by beta-hexosaminidase. If the enzyme is not functioning correctly, then globosides can accumulate, leading to Sandhoff disease.
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The side chain can be cleaved by beta-hexosaminidase. If the enzyme is not functioning correctly, then globosides can accumulate, leading to Sandhoff disease.
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Glycocalyx is a general term referring to extracellular polymeric material produced by some bacteria, epithelia and other cells. The slime on the outside of a fish is considered a glycocalyx.
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Glycoproteins are proteins that contain oligosaccharide chains (glycans) covalently attached to their polypeptide backbones. Basically, glycoprotein is a biomolecule composed of a protein and a carbohydrate (an oligosaccharide).
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Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a huge controlled vocabulary (or metadata system) for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences. Created and updated by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), it is used by the MEDLINE/PubMed
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Lipids can be broadly defined as any fat-soluble (hydrophobic), naturally-occurring molecules. The term is more-specifically used to refer to fatty-acids and their derivatives (including tri-, di-, and monoglycerides and phospholipids) as well as other fat-soluble sterol-containing
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Sphingolipids are a class of lipids derived from the aliphatic amino alcohol sphingosine. Sphingolipids are often found in neural tissue, and play an important role in both signal transmission and cell recognition.
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Glycosphingolipids are a subtype of glycolipids containing the amino alcohol sphingosine. They include:
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- cerebrosides
- gangliosides
- globosides
- sphingomyelin
External links
- MeSH Glycosphingolipids
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Ganglioside is a compound composed of a glycosphingolipid (ceramide and oligosaccharide) with one or more sialic acids (AKA n-acetylneuraminic acid) linked on the sugar chain. The 40+ known gangliosides differ mainly in the position and number of NANA residues.
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Not to be confused with GD2 library.
GD2 is a disialoganglioside expressed on tumors of neuroectodermal origin, including human neuroblastoma and melanoma, with highly restricted expression on normal tissues, principally to the cerebellum and
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H - ceramide, phosphocholine - sphingomyelin, sugar(s) - glycosphingolipid(s).]] Ceramides are a family of lipid molecules. A ceramide is composed of sphingosine and a fatty acid. Ceramides are found in high concentrations within the cell membrane of cells.
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Cerebrosides are glycosphingolipids which are important components in animal muscle and nerve cell membranes. Myelin is the most well known cerebroside.
They consist of a ceramide with a single sugar residue at the 1-hydroxyl moiety.
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They consist of a ceramide with a single sugar residue at the 1-hydroxyl moiety.
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A galactocerebroside (or galactosylceramide) is a type of cerebroside consisting of a ceramide with a galactose residue at the 1-hydroxyl moiety.
The galactose is cleaved by galactosylceramidase.
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The galactose is cleaved by galactosylceramidase.
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